• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2006

조류의 효과적인 제어방법 개발의 일환으로 해양암석분말의 효과를 보기위하여 해양암석분말과 곰팡이 배양 상등액을 이용하여 해양조류 제거율을 조사하였다. 편조류인 H. akashiwo와 P.minimum는 해양암석 분말을 30g/1의 농도로 살포한 실험군에서 높은 구제효과를 나타내었고, P. oxalicum (HCLE-34)배양상등액 살포는 5 mg/l 살포군에서도 구제효과를 나타내었다. 혼합 살포군에서도 배양 상등액 단독 살포군에서와 동등한 정도의 구제효과를 나타내었고, 완충용액 (pH 2.8)은 15 mg/l 살포군에서 60분 경과 후 75%의 구제효과를 나타내었으나, 전자현미경적 관찰에서는 암석분말과 배양 상등액 혼합 살포군, 배양 상등액 살포군, 암석분말 살포군 및 완충용액 살포군 순으로 세포의 파괴정도가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 암석분말과 곰팡이 배양상등액이 해양에서 발생되는 편조류의 대발생을 조절할 수 있는 물질로 작용함을 시사한다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.528-543
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• 2004

한반도에 자생하는 침엽수의 종 구성, 시ㆍ공간적 분포 생활형을 생물지리학적으로 분석하였다. 한반도에는 4과 10속 30종의 침엽수가 나며, 지질시대에 일찍 나타난 수종일수록 넓게 분포하고 종수도 많다. 빙하기 동안 한대성 침엽수의 분포지는 넓어졌으나, 난온대성 침엽수의 분포지는 좁아졌고, 높은 산에 격리된 나무의 일부는 고유종이 되었다. 자생 침엽수는 수평 및 수직적 분포역에 따라 고산형, 아고산형, 산지형, 해안형, 도서형, 격리형 등 6대 유형으로 나뉘고, 다시 12소 유형으로 세분된다. 자생 침엽수의 전형적인 생활형은 상록교목으로 봄에 꽃이 피고, 같은 해나 다음 해 가을에 열매가 익으며. 씨앗에 날개가 있어 산포에 유리한 종이 많다. 앞으로 자생 침엽수의 이동과 산포, 유전, 생태, 환경, 문화 등에 대한 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1183-1197
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• 2014

Doam Bay is an estuary where harmful algal blooms (HABs) such as red tides develop frequently in summer. The bay also is influenced by freshwater inflow from Tamjin River in upper regions as well as from an artificial lake in lower regions. Phytoplankton size and species composition were investigated at six stations located in the lower regions in April, June and July, 2007. Physical properties (temperature, salinity and SS) were intensively measured for 3 days (5 occasions) after the freshwater discharges from the dike. The freshwater discharge affected temperature, salinity and turbidity in the study sites adjacent to the freshwater lake. Phytoplankton biomass was larger in April than June and it increased more in July. An explicit shift of species composition was observed. Diatoms were dominant in April and June (>70%) whereas their abundances greatly decreased and chlorophytes increased in July. Pseudo-nitzschia sp. was dominant at all stations (except St. 2) and this change was also detected in ecological indices such as diversity and dominance index.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.2113-2120
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• 2012

국내 해양 환경에 대한 자동 감시 및 분석 연구는 미흡한 편에 있다. 최근 세계적으로 바다가 자원의 보고로 주목받으면서 해양 모니터링 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있다. 특히 해양 환경을 분석하고 이해하기 위해서는 지속적으로 해양 환경 자료를 수집해야 하나 아직 많은 부분에서 제약 사항으로 남아 있다. 자동화된 해양 환경자료의 수집과 수집된 자료를 분석하여서 해양재해를 예측하면 기름 유출에 의한 해양오염의 피해, 적조에 의한 수산업의 피해, 해양환경 이변에 의한 수산업 및 재해 피해를 최소화하는데 기여할 수 있다. 본 논문은 해양환경 감시 및 분석 시스템의 모델을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 해양환경 정보를 자동 수집하여 해양환경을 지능적으로 감시한다. 또한 수집된 해양 자료를 분석하여서 해양 재해를 예측한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

적조는 유해 조류의 이상 대량번식으로 바닷물의 색이 적색이나 황색으로 변하며, 어패류를 대량으로 집단 폐사시키는 등 바다환경에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치는 전 세계적인 자연현상이다. 국내에서는 90년대 이후로 어패류 양식장에 지속적인 피해를 입히고 있다. 적조 생물에 대한연구는 수산업 피해가 증가함에 따라서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 자동으로 적조 이미지를 인식하여서 유해적조를 판별하는 적조이미지 검색에 대한 국내의 연구는 미흡한 실정에 있다. 특히 전 세계적으로 200여종의 적조 생물은 각기 다른 크기와 모양을 가지고 있기 때문에 이미지 인식을 위한 기준 특징을 추출하기 어렵다. 이 때문에 기존이 연구들은 몇 종류의 적조 생물만을 이미지 인식에 이용하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결 할 수 있도록 NMF(non-negative matrix factorization, 비음수 행렬분해)와 이미지의 회전각 보정을 이용한 새로운 적조 이미지 인식 향상방법을 제안한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1521-1531
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of the marine environment, including nutritional content, in order to clearly understand the outbreaks of Gonyaulax polygramma in the southern coastal areas in August, 2009. Samples were collected at 13 sites and water temperature and salinity were measured using a CTD. Field surveys were twice: the first between August 5-7, the second between August 22-24. The cell density of G. polygramma was 6,500-10,000 cells $ml^{-1}$ during the $1^{st}$ survey, whereas during the $2^{nd}$ survey the range of the cells was recorded from 8,000 to 12,500 cells $ml^{-1}$. Cochlodinium polykrikoides ranged from 0 to 105 cells $l^{-1}$ during the field survey. In water environments, the majority stations during the $1^{st}$ survey showed a nearly homogeneous water column below $1^{\circ}C$ in temperature, as well as similar profiles of salinity. However, the stratification between the surface and bottom was observed in the $2^{nd}$ survey. Regarding nutrients, Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in the surface ranged from 0.144 to 0.236 mg $l^{-1}$ during the $1^{st}$ survey, and 0.082-0.228 mg $l^{-1}$ during the $2^{nd}$ survey. DIP (Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus) did not show any difference in concentration between the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ survey. During August of 2009, the wind speed in the southern waters remained at around ${\leq}2\;m\;s^{-1}$ for about 60% of time, and there was very little precipitation during the month. Irradiance of ${\geq}10$ hr was shown in the late of August. It is thought that a low level of DIN and salinity play an important role as an essential factor for rapid growth, wide distribution and longer duration of red tide in G. polygramma.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

We explored phagotrophy of the phototrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum on the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. The ingestion and clearance rates of M. rubrum on Synechococcus as a function of prey concentration were measured. In addition, we calculated grazing coefficients by combining the field data on abundance of M. rubrum and co-occurring Synechococcus spp. with laboratory data on ingestion rates. The ingestion rate of M. rubrum on Synechococcus sp. linearly increased with increasing prey concentrations up to approximately 1.9 × 10⁶ cells mL^-1, to exhibit sigmoidal saturation at higher concentrations. The maximum ingestion and clearance rates of M. rubrum on Synechococcus were 2.1 cells predator^-1 h^-1 and 4.2 nL predator^-1 h^-1, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to M. rubrum on cooccurring Synechococcus spp. reached 0.04 day^-1. M. rubrum could thus sometimes be an effective protistan grazer of Synechococcus in marine planktonic food webs. M. rubrum might also be able to form recurrent and massive blooms in diverse marine environments supported by the unique and complex mixotrophic arrays including phagotrphy on hetrotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus as well as digestion, kleptoplastidy and karyoklepty after the ingestion of cryptophyte prey.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

Microcystis aeruginosa causes harmful algal blooms in the Nakdong River of Korea. We studied the effect of different concentrations and ratios of ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$), and phosphate ($PO{_4}^{3-}$) on growth of this species in BG-11 medium: each nutrient alone, $NO_3{^-}:NH_4{^+}$ ratio, the N : P ratio with fixed total N (TN), and the N : P ratio with fixed total P (TP). The single nutrient experiments indicated that M. aeruginosa had the highest growth rate at $NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations of $500{\mu}M$, and at a $PO{_4}^{3-}$ concentration of $5{\mu}M$. The $NO_3{^-}:NH_4{^+}$ ratio experiments showed that M. aeruginosa had the highest growth rate at a ratio of 1 : 1 when TN was $100{\mu}M$ and $250{\mu}M$, and the lowest growth rate at a ratio of 1 : 1 when the TN was $500{\mu}M$. The N : P ratio with fixed TN experiments indicated that M. aeruginosa had the highest growth rates at 50 : 1, 20 : 1, and 100 : 1 ratios when the TN was 100, 250, and $500{\mu}M$, respectively. In contrast, the N : P ratio with fixed TP experiments showed that M. aeruginosa had the highest growth rates at 200 : 1 ratio at all tested TP concentrations. In conclusion, our results imply that the $NO_3{^-}:NH_4{^+}$ ratio and the $PO{_4}^{3-}$ concentration affect the early stage of growth of M. aeruginosa. In particular, our results suggest that the maximum growth of M. aeruginosa is not simply affected by the $NO_3{^-}:NH_4{^+}$ ratio and the N : P ratio, but is determined by the TN concentration if a certain minimum $PO{_4}^{3-}$ concentration is present.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

We examined the effects of environmental factors on zoospore release and germling growth of the green tide alga Cladophora albida under various conditions of temperature${\times}$irradiance (zoospore release), temperature${\times}$irradiance${\times}$ nutrient (germling growth), and a single factor test of salinity. Zoospore release was maximized at $30^{\circ}C$ and $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in the temperature irradiance experiment and at 34 psu in the salinity experiment. Maximum germling growth was observed at $25^{\circ}C$ with $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and PES (Provasoli's Enriched Seawater) in the temperature irradiance nutrient experiment, and at 34 psu in the salinity experiment. Germlings grew faster at higher irradiances for a given temperature level, and also grew faster as salinity increased over the range of 5-34 psu. Overall, optimal environmental conditions for zoospore release were $30^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and 34 psu. Maximal germling growth occurred at $25^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, PES, and 34 psu. C. albida blooms are most likely to occur under these optimal environmental conditions, as plentiful zoospore release and rapid germling growth lead to population growth.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2016

To explore the feeding ecology of the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Aduncodinium glandula in the family Pfiesteriaceae, its feeding behavior and prey species were investigated. Additionally, the growth and ingestion rates of A. glandula on the mixotrophic dinoflagellates Heterocapsa triquetra and Akashiwo sanguinea, its optimal and suboptimal prey, respectively were measured. A. glandula fed on prey through a peduncle after anchoring to the prey using a tow filament. A. glandula ate all algal prey and perch blood cells tested and had the most diverse prey species in the family Pfiesteriaceae. Unlike for other pfiesteriacean species, H. triquetra and A. sanguinea support the positive growth of A. glandula. However, the cryptophytes Rhodomonas salina and Teleaulax sp. and the phototrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae did not support the positive growth of A. glandula. Thus, A. glandula may have a unique kind of prey and its optimal prey differs from that of the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea increased rapidly and then slowed or became saturated. The maximum growth rates when feeding on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 1.004 and 0.567 d⁻¹, respectively. Further, the maximum ingestion rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 0.75 and 1.38 ng C predator⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. There is no other pfiesteriacean species having H. triquetra and A. sanguinea as optimal and suboptimal prey. Thus, A. glandula may be abundant during blooms dominated by these species not preferred by the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates.