• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2015

Objectives : Herba on lipid levels in serum and lipid accumulation in liver tissue in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Methods : Experimental groups were subdivided into four; Normal diet group (Nor), Hyperlipidemic mice (Con), Lysimachiae Herba water extract administered mice (LWE), Lysimachiae Herba methanol extract administered mice (LME). Thereafter the changes in body weight, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. In addition histopathological changes in liver tissue was also observed. Results : Body weight, AST and ALT were not affected by the administration of water or methanol extracts of Lysimachiae Herba. However, methanol extracts of Lysimachiae Herba down regulated the total cholesterol and triglyceride in high fat diet - induced hyperlipidemic mice. Conclusions : In this study, results of total cholesterol and triglyceride showed significant effect in LME compared with LWE, but other results didn’t. Therefore, it is necessary to have more study of Lysimachiae Herba to apply hyperlipidemia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.513-517
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• 2001

Objective : Recently many studies of herbal medication to promote growth have been implemented. The purpose of this study was to identify the feasibility and safety of herbal medication on short stature. Methods : 143 patients(87 males, 56 Females)who visited with short stature at Kangnam CHA Oriental Hospital From February 1999 to January 2000 and were treated during 6 months, were available for this study. We treated with 5 herbal medications.(Soeumin hyangbujapalmultang-gagambang, Soyangin yukmijihwangtang-gagambang, Taeumin chungsimyunjatang-gagambang, Boa-tang, Boikyangwi tang) At the begining of the treatment and after 6 months treatment, We measured height, weight and body mass index(BMI). And we investigated changes of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), creatinine. Results: The distribution of ages was from 5 years old to 17 years old. After herbal treatment, mean height, mean weight, mean BMI and mean percentile grade increased $138.5{\pm}15.6$ to $141.9{\pm}15.1$, from $36.9{\pm}13.2$ to $38.9{\pm}13.2$, from $18.5{\pm}3.29$ to $18.7{\pm}3.21$, from $3.2{\pm}1.2$ to $3.4{\pm}1.2$. The contents of AST, ALT, BUN, ALP and Creatinine were not showed any significant change. Conclusions : In the results We recognized Short stature was showed prominent feasibility and safety of herbal medication. Herbal Medication in patients with short stature will improve height velocity without liver and kidney function disorders.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.413-418
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• 2004

Objectives : Cirsii Japonici Herba (CJH) is one of medicinal plants that has been frequently used for styptic purposes in Asian countries. In order to evaluate a hepatoprotective effects of CJH in the liver fibrotic diseases, the present study investigated how CJH improves a hepatic function in the dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) treated rat. Methods : CJH were orally administered to rats that has been treated with DMN. Subsequently, the amount of blood L-asparate aminotransferase (AST), L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hydroxyproline were quantitated. Several histopathological markers for examining the degree of hepatic fibrosis were investigated by H-E and Masson-Trichrome staining. Results: DMN treatment caused a increase of relative liver weight to the body at 14 days after DMN induction, Administration of CJH with 100mg/kg and 1,000mg/kg dose decreased significantly the AST level elevated by DMN injection(p<0.01). But ALT level was not improved. The hydroxyproline level was reduced by a simultaneous treatment of CJH with DMN for 7 days, but not recovered completely to its normal value, CJH administration improved conspicuously the DMN-induced histopathological changes of liver such as granuloma, but cell necrosis and fibrosis were not improved with CJH 1,000mg/kg dose. Conclusion: These results indicate that CJH has protective effect on liver injury and can inhibit liver fibrosis Induced by DMN in rats.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2015

${\beta}$-cyclodextrin has an ability to protect compounds from oxidative reaction by collecting them within its ring-like structure. So, In harsh condition ($40^{\circ}C$), marker compound, quercetin, was dramatically reduced in Hovenia dulcis fruit extract containing dextrin at 4 and 8 week compared to 0 week, but not that containing ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. To evaluate the effects of dextrin and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin on protective effect of H.dulcis fruit extract against alcohol-induced liver damage, The mice were orally injected alcohol, H. dulcis fruit extract/dextrin (HD) and H. dulcis fruit extract/${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HCD), respectively, for 7 days. The mice orally administrated with alcohol significantly enhanced the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum compared to the control group. HD and HCD significantly decreased the levels of serum ALT and AST and serum LDH activities compared to alcohol group. And also alcohol group significantly increased the level of total cholesterol compared to the control group, but HD and HCD significantly reduced it compared to the alcohol group. However, the levels of TG in blood were not significantly changed in all groups. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were significantly increased in HD and HCD group although those of aldehyde dehydrogenase showed an increasing tendency. This data suggested that HD and HCD were able to induce alcohol degradation in the liver tissues. All together, the results showed that HCD demonstrated their ability to protect liver from alcohol-induced damage on equal terms with HD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2012

Alcohol abuse and its medical and social consequences are a major health problem in many areas of the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of methanolic fruit extract of $Randia$ $Dumetorum$ (L.) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n=6), group I served as a control, group II received ethanol (3 ml/100 g/day p.o.), group III served as standard group and received silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o.), group IV and V served as extract treatment groups and received 50 & 100 mg/kg methanolic extract of $R.$ $dumetorum$. All the treatment protocols followed 30 days and after rats were sacrificed blood and liver were used for biochemical and histological studies, respectively. The activities serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB) and lipid peroxidation were statistically increased in rats exposed to alcohol while total protein and glutathione decreased compared to control rats. Treatment with $R.$ $dumetorum$ significantly decreased the elevated levels of ALT, AST, TG, DB, TB and lipid peroxidation compared to the group exposed to alcohol only. $R.$ $dumetorum$ significantly resulted in increased levels of total protein and reduced glutathione compared to the group that received alcohol only. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with $R.$ $dumetorum$ improved the hepatotoxicity caused by alcohol. Hence the study concluded that $R.$ $dumetorum$ has potential hepatoprotective activity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the bone regeneration effects of Sintongchukea-tang (SC) on rib fractured rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (normal, control, positive control, SC low [SC-L] and SC high [SC-H]). All groups were subject to fractured rib except normal group. Normal group received no treatment at all. Control group was orally fed with phosphate buffered saline, and positive control group was medicated with tramadol (20 mg/kg). SC group was orally medicated with SC (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days. The fracture healing process was observed by x-ray, micro CT and fracture tissue slide was observed by immunohistochemical staining. We analysed levels of transforming growth factor-β1, Ki67, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and analysed levels of Osteocalcin in plasma. We measured levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ALP, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in plasma, for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of SC. Results Though X-ray and micro-computed tomography, more callus formation was observed and bone union was progressing. Through Hematoxylin and Eosin, callus formation was increased compared to the control group. Runx2 level at SC-H was significantly increased and TRAP level at SC-L was significantly decreased compared with the control group. AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine were not statistically different from the control group. Conclusions As described above, SC promoted fracture healing by stimulating the bone regeneration factor. And SC shows no hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, it seems that SC helps to promote fracture regeneration and it can be used clinically to patients with fracture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.647-653
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• 2017

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is linked with high mortality rate. Several agents have been developed so far to reduce the risk of HIRI. In this study, we investigated the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (AS) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. To explore the protective effects of A. senticosus extract injection (ASI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury rats animal model were used. After the development of HIRI by using clamping method rats were then randomly divided into five groups. Different doses of AS were administered in HIRI rat model. The level of ALT, AST, and MDA content in serum were detected in sham and HIRI groups. The activity of SOD, MPO and $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$, content of MDA, and cAMP in hepatic tissue were also measured. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by immunohistochemical staining method. Compared with sham group, ASI has the protective effect on the HIRI model in rats. Blood levels of ALT, AST, SOD, MPO, and MDA were significantly lower in ASI group compared with HIRI. Indeed SOD and $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities, MDA content, and cAMP level were improved in ASI group. Furthermore, Bcl-2 and Bax protein were improved in ASI group compared with only HIRI group. These results suggest that AS may provide potential ameliorative therapy by inhibiting the damage signaling mechanism in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mixture with Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) and Acer tegmentosum Maxim(ATM) on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, with liver failure and no treatment; H1A1, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 1; H1A2, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 2; H1A4, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 4. The animals were treated for 3 weeks and then examinations of change of body weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, histopathologic change, and complete blood count (CBC) were performed. Results : All experimental groups had significantly decreased AST in serum and markedly increased activity of SOD as compared with the control group. H1A1, and H1A4 significantly decreased ALT in serum and H1A4 at 2 weeks was significantly higher on the change of body weight as compared with the control group. In histopathologic change of liver tissue by light microscopy, all experimental groups showed recovery effects of liver cells which were damaged by D-galactosamine. Conclusions : Based upon these results, it could be assumed that a mixture of HDT and ATM has hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure. Therefore, a mixture of HDT and ATM might be utilized as a protective agent in therapy for liver diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1389-1394
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Acer tegmentosum M. (ATM) extracts. Content of total polyphenol of EtOAc fraction was the highest amount among fractions. Electron donating abilities of all fractions were increased as concentrations of each fraction were increased. ATM BuOH fraction showed the highest SOD like activity at low concentration (<$250\;{\mu}g/mL$). To investigate the protective effect of ATM on hepatotoxicity, ATM BuOH fraction was administered to mice for 7 consecutive days, and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. The LPS led to increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, pretreatment with BuOH fraction prior to LPS injection significantly decreased plasma hepatospecific enzyme levels. Histological findings demonstrated that pretreatment with BuOH fraction resulted in an attenuation of LPS induced liver damages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of Taxus cuspidata pharmacopuncture(TCP) at KI03 on formalin-induced pain in rats and to evaluate the efficiency of different extraction methods of Taxus cuspidata(TC). Methods : 30 rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Each of the groups was treated two times. The first treatment for its right KI03 was as follows: rats were treated with normal saline(NOR), normal saline(CON), hot-water extraction of TC(W), ethanol extraction of TC(E), and ultrasonification extraction of TC(U). The second treatment was given 35 mins after the first one. Rats in NOR were treated with normal saline at their hind-paw. All groups, except NOR, were treated with formalin(5 %, $40{\mu}{\ell}$) at their hind-paw. To evaluate pain behavior, Ultrasonic vocalization(USV) was examined to be around 18~30 kHz. After analysis of USV, blood samples were taken from the rats for analysis of Substance P, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT). Results : In the experimental groups, USV was significantly decreased compared with CON and similar to that of NOR in the early phase. But there were no significant differences among the three extraction methods of TC. In addition, Substance P of W was significantly decreased. AST and ALT activation showed no significant differences among the 5 groups. Conclusion : These results show that regardless of extraction methods of TC, TCP at KI03 has analgesic effects in the early phase on formalin-induced pain in rats. In particular, hot-water extraction of TC significantly reduces Substance P activation.