• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 1998

To measure precisely the blood velocity in the skin microcirculation, we have used time domain correlation (called Cross-Correlation) based on the processing of the backscattered RF signal obtained with a wideband echographic imaging transducer, although it is difficulties of adaptation of the pulsed wave system, because of the data processing in real time and the hardware problem. This dedicated technology based on a 20MHz echographic imaging system has been developed. We present how the experimental data, i.e. the backscattered RF signal, have to be analyzed. After RF lines realignment, stationary echo canceling procedure and correlation level control, a velocity profile has been obtained. In-vitro result show that velocity measurements as low as 0.1mm/sec attainable with a 80${\mu}m$ in axial resolution. We have also validated with in-vivo experimentation on the external ear of a rabbit using B-mode sector scanning image and M-mode image of a custom made 20MHz skin image system. The flow of the "auriculares caudales" vein, a microvessel of 600 m diameter, has been detected and studied. This technique will allow a more precise exploration of circulatory troubles in cutaneous pathologies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2019

Metabolic profile test is used to evaluate nutritional imbalance and metabolic disease in dairy cows. The reference intervals of metabolic parameters may change according to nation, region, decades, and maintenance system. Despite the need to be periodically updated for the reference intervals of metabolic parameters, it has rarely been investigated in Korea. Therefore, this aim of study was to provide the reference intervals of metabolic parameters using dairy cows surveyed in Korea during recent years. A metabolic profile test was conducted for 2,976 clinically healthy dairy cows in Korea. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum metabolites. This study provided reference intervals of thirteen metabolic parameters (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate [${\beta}-HB$], non-esterified fatty acids [NEFA], glucose, total cholesterol [T-COL], total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium). BUN and AST values of the current study were higher than those of previous studies. In the present study, the other metabolic parameters showed low or similar value compared to previous results. Moreover, ${\beta}-HB$, NEFA, T-COL, ALB, BUN, AST, and GGT values were affected by lactation period. This study provided information on the reference intervals of metabolites in healthy dairy cows in Korea. The reference intervals from the present study would be useful in managing and diagnosing disease of dairy cows. However, careful attention should be given in interpreting disease condition for metabolites affected by lactation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.512-519
• /
• 2009

Among patients who visited each clinical department for oriental medical treatments, anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profile level were measured at their first initial visit. 55 subject patients who were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome and 150 mg/dL or more of triglyceride were selected as subjects whose fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured after fasting. According to each patient's disease, the subject received treatments such as herb medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation therapy from each clinical department, and after an average of 4.10${\pm}$0.31 weeks, another test was performed yielding the following results. Serum triglyceride was 243.72${\pm}$13.05 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 188.11${\pm}$12.17 mg/dL after the treatment where although it continued to show an abnormal value even after the treatment, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol was 207.50${\pm}$5.89 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 192.37${\pm}$5.53 mg/dL after the treatment which was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum HDL cholesterol was 51.19${\pm}$3.95 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and increased to 52.53${\pm}$1.49 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum LDL cholesterol was 110.66${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and decreased to 106.12${\pm}$4.82 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). In regards to the change of triglyceride for each sex, it was 221.84${\pm}$14.01 mg/dL before the treatment and 187.00${\pm}$15.47 mg/dL after the treatment for men, and it was 271.50${\pm}$22.78 mg/dL and 189.53${\pm}$19.76 mg/dL respectively for women where even though men and women showed the decrease of 34.84${\pm}$12.79 mg/dL and 81.96${\pm}$20.01 mg/dL respectively, both men and women continue to show abnormal values after the treatments. However, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). In regards to the change of total cholesterol for each sex, with 198.24${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL for men before the treatment and 188.93${\pm}$7.45 mg/dL after the treatment, values for both before and after the treatment were within the normal range where the change value was 9.30${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL and statistically insignificant(P>0.05). For women, it was 219.26${\pm}$8.87 mg/dL and 196.73${\pm}$8.43 mg/dL respectively for women where with 22.53${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL, it decreased to the normal level after the treatment, and there was a statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). With such results, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels of patients who have been diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome were observed to decrease after the oriental medical treatment. Especially, for both men and women, abnormally high triglyceride level decreased while the effect of lipid profile improvement for women was more significant compared to men.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.626-643
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the differences in blood pressure, sodium intake and dietary behavior changes according to the extent of session attendance on sodium reduction education program for pre-hypertensive adults in a public health center. Sodium reduction education program consisted of 8 sessions for 8 weeks. Fifty three patients who completed the pre and post nutritional assessments were classified into 2 groups according to the session attendance rate. Nineteen participants who attended the education program 3 times or less (${\leq}3$) were categorized into the less attendance (LA) group and 34 participants attended 4 times or more (${\geq}4$) into the more attendance (MA) group. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes including sodium, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior score were assessed before and after the nutrition education program. Mean sodium intakes (p<0.001), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), and weight (p<0.001) were significantly decreased in the MA group after sodium reduction education program. Compared to the MA group, mean sodium intakes, systolic/diastolic blood pressure were not significantly changed after the education program even with significantly increased nutrition knowledge (p<0.05) and dietary behavior score (p<0.01) in the LA group. It appears that pre-hypertensive adults need to attend the sodium reduction education program for at least 4 times or more to gain beneficial effects from the intervention. Positive feedback of healthcare team or offering more cooking classes may be needed to raise the attendance rate in the sodium reduction education program.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2006

We studied the effects of intake of the steamed bean powder(SB) and chungkukjang powder(CK) on blood parameters such as glucose, albumin, GOT, GPT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, and blood antioxidant nutrients such as retinol, tocopherols and carotenes in 26 college women. There were 2 groups, one group had 13 participants who consumed 30g SP and second group (13 participants) consumed 30g CK daily for 4 weeks. The study compared before with after SP/CK intake. The average age of the participants was 22.1 years, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of all parameters before the study. The energy intake showed no significant differences between before and after SP/CK intake. C(carbohydrate) propotion was reduced, and P(protein) and F(fat) ratio were increased after 4 week intake of SP/CK. Indices of nutritional quality(INQ) of protein(p<0.01), iron(p<0.05), zinc(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.05) were significantly increased after SP intake, and those of protein(p<0.05) and zinc also increased after CK intake. There were no significant differences in TG, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol before and after SP/CK intake. The CK intake group showed the reduction only in retinol level in blood(p<0.05). Some students reported the improvement of the constipation and the regularity of the bowel elemination, and some students experienced the prolongation effects on one's monthly days after SP/CK intake. In this study, we could see the effect of improvement in some nutrients intake, but no effect in blood parameters by SP/CK intake for 4 weeks. That reason might be that the participants were healthy young women, or the trail period was not enough long to change.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 1995

This study was an attempt to compare the energy, nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body fat distribution of diabetics with those of normal control subjects. Daily energy and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. We matched 31 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups to observe the effect of diabetes in lipid profiles. Aslo the effect of exercise in diabetes was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1.The average of daily energy intake of diabetics was 1, 927 kcal and that of nondiabetics was 2, 159 kcal. Percentage of energy in diabetics is that carbohydrate : protein : fat = 69:13:18 2. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, 33% of diabetics were obese and energy intake was not significantly different between the two groups, but VLDL - cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the obese group. 3. Energy intake, BMI, RBW and total cholesterol level of upper obesity group were significantly higher than those of lower body obesity group in male diabetic subjects. 4. When matching 31 pairs of diabetics and nondiabetics according to sex, age, body weight and height triglyceride concentration and WHR of diabetics were measured to be significantly higher than those of nondiabetics. 5. Although energy intake was not significantly different between exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise group than the nonexercis group in diabetics. 6. BMI and RBW were not correlated with cholesterol or triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with both cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, diabetics had higher triglyceride concentration and WHR than nondiabetics. WHR may be better than BMI or RBW for predicting alteration in lipid profile and exercise seems beneficial for controlling blood glucose and lipids in diabetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among meals variety, obesity index, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of Korean adults. A total of 308 adults(men 124, women 184) measured the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, dietary intake using 24-hour recall method, and serum lipid profile. The average ages of the study subjects were 50.9 yrs in men and 51.4 yrs in women. The average height, weight and BMI were 166.3 cm, 68.4 kg, $24.7\;kg/cm^2$ in men and 154.3 cm, 59.8 kg, $25.0\;kg/cm^2$ in women, respectively. The numbers of food items in meal of men and women were 14.1, 15.9 for breakfast, 15.7, 15.9 for lunch, 14.7, 14.1 for dinner, respectively. The numbers of dish items in meal of men and women were 4.0, 4.3 for breakfast, 4.3, 4.3 for lunch, 4.2, 3.9 for dinner, respectively. The average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were 126.6/76.0 mmHg, 181.0 mg/dL, 157.7 mg/dL, 40.9 mg/dL, 108.6 mg/dL, 3.5 in men and 123.2/73.6 mmHg, 185.0 mg/dL, 137.3 mg/dL, 44.8 mg/dL, 112.7 mg/dL, 3.2 in women, respectively. The total cholesterol was negatively correlated to the number of food item for lunch(p<0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of blood lipids in meals of adults were required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.164-170
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes, blood pressure, and biochemical values and lipid profile in blood according to smoking status. Subjects were recruited from Korean adult men, which included non-smoker (n=47), smoker (n=58), and ex- smoker (n=44) . Anthropometrical measurement, blood pressure measurement, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and blood collection and analysis were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subject were 54.7 years, 165.8 cm, 67.3 kg, and $24.5\;kg/m^2 $, respectively. There was no significant difference in general characteristics among three groups. The mean daily intakes of energy and protein were 1740.9 kcal and 69.6 g. The daily folate intake of the smoker was significantly lower than that of the non- smoker or ex-smoker. However, cholesterol intake of the smoker was significantly higher than two groups. The daily total food intake was 1250.0 g for non-smoker, 1180.1 g for smoker, and 1237.5 g for ex-smoker. The mushrooms intake in the smoker was significantly lower than that in the ex - smoker. However, eggs intake of the smoker was significantly higher than two groups. The RBC count and serum GOT/GPT of the subjects were $4598.2\times1000/mm^3$ and 27.3/27.3 U/L. The WBC count, hematocrit and hemoglobin of the smoker were significantly higher than those of the non-smoker and ex-smoker. Blood pressure and serum lipids of the subjects were 128.3/75.5 mmHg for SBP/DBP, 180.2 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 mg/dL for triglyceride, 41.5 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol, 106.5 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 for atherogenic index. Especially serum triglyceride of smoker was significantly higher than that of non-smoker. The above results revealed that some nutrient intakes, such as folate and cholesterol, and hematological findings, and serum triglyceride of the smoker were different from non-smoker. However, these differences were recovered to non-smoking status by prohibition of smoking. Therefore, in order to stop smoking, the effect of smoking on nutritional and health status should be informed to smoker and more systematic study should be conducted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.194-196
• /
• 2004

A 12-year old neutered male Yorkshire terrier dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of chronic intermittent diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia and weight loss of 2-months duration. On presentation, he was very cachexic and had ascites. Abnormal findings on a complete blood count and chemistry profile included mild anemia, leukocytosis, panhypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and increased serum bile acids. Radiographic findings indicated microhepatica. Peritoneal fluid analysis was consistent with transudates (total protein < 2.5 g/dl, total nucleated cell count = 2,200/ul) and cytologic examination of the fluid revealed neoplastic lymphoblasts. From these findings hepatic dysfunction and protein-losing enteropathy were attributable to abdominal lymphoma. This case suggests that cytologic examination is important in diagnosing underlying diseases of ascites, even if it is transudative effusion.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 1986

Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler system is a useful diagnostic instrument to measure blood-flow-velocity, velocity profile, and volume-blood-flow. This system is more powerful compare with 2-dimensional B-scan tissue image. A system has been deve- loped and ii being evaluated using TMS 32010 DSP. We use this DSP for the purpose of real-time spectrum analyzer to obtain spectrogram in singlegate pulsed Doppler system and for the serial comb filter to cancel clutter and zero crossing counter to estimate Doppler mean frequency in multigate pulsed Doppler system. The Doppler shift of the backscattered signals is sensed in a phase detector. This Doppler signal corresponds to the mean velocity over a some region in space defined by the ultrasonic beam dimensions, transmitted pulse duration, and transducer ban(iwidth. Multi- gate pulsed Doppler system enable the transcutaneous and simultaneous assessment of the velocities in a number of adjacent sample volumes as a continuous function of time. A multigate pulsed Doppler system processing the information originating from presented.