• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.851-857
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• 2000

SosokMyeongTang(SMT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effects of SMT on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SMT on the changes in blood pressure(BP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of rats. SMT consists of the following components : Radix Ledebouriellae(防風), Radix Cocculi or Stephaniae(防己), Semen Armeniacae(杏仁), Cortex Cinnamomi(肉桂), Radix Scutellariae(黃芩), Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae(白芍藥), Radix Ginseng(人蔘), Rhizoma Cnidll(川芎), Herba Ephedrae(麻黃), Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Aconiti(附子?), Fructus Zizyphi Jujubae(大棗), Rhizoma Zingiberis(生薑) and the changes of BP and rCBF were tested Leser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF) The experimental results were as follows ; BP was not affected by SMT in rats, but rCBF was increased significantly by SMT in a dose dependent manner. SMT increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment methylene blue, but did not increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment L-NNA, indomethacin. Pretreatment with indomethacin decreased BP compaired with control group. These results suggest that SMT causes a diverse response of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The increased rCBF is mediated by nitric oxide synthease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to investigate the association between hypertension and oxidative stress-related parameters and to evaluate these parameters in subclinical hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects living in Korea. We attempted to determine whether oxidative stress-related parameters would differ between two groups of 227 newly-diagnosed, untreated (systolic blood pressure (BP) ${\geq}$ 130 mmHg and diastolic BP ${\geq}$ 85 mmHg) and 130 normotensive subjects (systolic BP < 120 mmHg and diastolic BP < 80 mmHg). General characteristics of the subjects were collected using a simple questionnaire. From subjects' blood, degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes, the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, level of plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), glutathione, and anti-oxidative vitamins, as well as plasma lipid profiles and conjugated diene (CD) were analyzed. Evaluation of the associations of oxidative stress-related parameters with blood pressure of the subjects was performed using Pearson partial correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors. Several oxidative stress-related parameters were higher in subclinical hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene, TRAP, and activity of GSH-px were significantly lower in subclinical hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects. Increased levels of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were observed in subclinical hypertensive patients. These results confirm an association between blood pressure and oxidative stress-related parameters and suggest that the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in hypertension might be significant.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.834-837
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• 2005

In this paper, we describe the method of non-invasive blood pressure measurement using pulse wave transit time(PWTT). PWTT is a new parameter involved with a vascular that can indicate the change of BP. PWTT is measured by continuous monitoring of ECG and pulse wave. No additional sensors or modules are required. In many cases, the change of PWTT correlates with the change of BP. We measure pulse wave using the photo plethysmograph(PPG) sensor in an earlobe and we measure ECG using the ECG monitoring device our made in the chest. The measurement device for detecting pulse wave consists of infrared LED for transmitted light illumination, pin photodiode as light detector, amplifier and filter. We composed 0.5Hz high pass, 60Hz notch and 10Hz low pass filter. ECG measurement device consists of multiplexer, amplifier, filter, micro-controller and RF module. After amplification and filtering, ECG signal and pulse wave is fed through micro-controller. We performed the initial work towards the development of ambulatory BP monitoring system using PWTT. An earlobe is suitable place to measure PPG signal without the restraint in daily work. From the results, we can know that the dependence of PWTT on BP is almost linear and it is possible to monitoring an individual BP continuously after the individual calibration.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of shift work on diurnal blood pressure (BP) pattern in nurses. Method: We studied 20 healthy nurses engaged in 3 shift work. 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed to each nurse two times during the day and night shift. Five nurses were excluded because of inadequate BP measurement. Results: All subjects were female. The mean age was 27.4 years (range: 23-33 years) and mean body mass index was 19.7 Kg/$m^2$ (range: 18.0-21.2 Kg/$m^2$). The changes of systolic BP ($17.8{\pm}9.1$ vs. $13.2{\pm}4.7%$, p=0.031), diastolic BP ($22.3{\pm}8.7$ vs. $17.3{\pm}9.0%$, p=0.061), and heart rate ($25.2{\pm}5.2$ vs. $12.5{\pm}8.7%$, p=0.001) during the sleeping period were decreased after a night shift compared with day shift. The non-dipper group significantly increased from 20% to 40% after a night shift (p=0.018). Conclusion: Working night shift is significantly associated with non-dipper status in nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.741-749
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between reversed circadian blood pressure and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. The subjects in this study were 18 NIDDM patients who were hospitalized in a medical unit of an university medical center located in Incheon, Korea, between November, 1998 and March, 1999. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer by 2 trained examiners every 2 hours during 24 hours. NIDDM subjects were divided into a dipper group and non-dipper group. Dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime blood pressure(BP) drop of more than 10% compared with daytime BP. Non-dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime BP drop of less than 10%, or an elevation in BP compared with daytime BP. Daytime BP included values obtained between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Night time BP included values obtained between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Data was analyzed by SPSS/PC package. Chi-square( $^2$) test was used for the comparison of sex between The dipper group and non-dipper group. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of values of the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease and the frequency of complications of diabetes between the dipper group and non-dipper group. The results are as follows. There were no significant differences in daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures between the dipper group and non-dipper group. However, night time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the non-dipper group were significantly nigher than those in the dipper group (p=.021). There were no differences in sex, age, body, weight, duration of diabetes, serum lipid levels, BUN and HbA1c between the two groups. On the contrary, 87.5% of non-dipper group subjects showed having hypertension, 30% of dipper group subjects showed having hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (p=.018). All of the non-dipper group subjects (N=8) showed having at least one diabetic complication. However, 40% of the dipper group subjects (N=10) showed having no diabetic complication at all and this difference was also statistically significant (p=.049). There were no significant differences in frequency of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy between the dipper group and non-dipper group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of foot bath on blood pressure(BP) following treadmill exercise. Methode : Subject of study were forty healthy males without any cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic diseases. Following twenty minutes walking at a speed of 5m/s on the treadmill, ten twenty subjects in experimental group received foot bath, on the dominant lower limb while sitting in chair. Foot bath was applied to the level of the lateral and medial malleoli keeping the temperature of the paraffin bath at $40{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Twenty subjects in control group took a rest sitting in chair in a comfortable position. BP was measured in right brachial artery. BP was measured five times(before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and fifteen minutes after exercise). Results : The study showed that for diastolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. However, systolic blood pressure(SBP) increased significantly after exercise compared with SBP before exercise (p<.05). In addition, SBP in five minutes after exercise decreased significantly compared with SBP in immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the other hand, the control group had significant difference between SBP measured before exercise and SBP measured at the other measure time (p<.05). In five minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significant difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Similarly, in ten and fifteen minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significantly difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Consequently it was confirmed that when foot bath was applied, the increased BP induced by the exercise returned to normal range rapidly.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Objectives: The present study evaluated the effects of sa-am acupuncture (SAA) simpo-jeongkyeok (SPJK) treatment on the blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), and body temperature (BT) of patients with hwa byung (HB). Methods: This patient assessor blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial included 50 volunteers, divided randomly into two groups. The treatment group underwent SPJK (PC9, LR1, PC3, KI10) while the control (sham) group received minimal needle insertion at non acupoints. The BP in both arms, PR, and BT at several acupoints were measured before and after treatment at the $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, and $4^{th}$ visits and before treatment at the follow-up visit. We analyzed data by using the repeated measured analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U, and wilcoxon signed rank tests; differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: No significant differences in the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and PR between the treatment and control group were observed at each visit. However, the decrease in the SBP for the treatment group before and after each visit was significantly higher than it was in the control group. The SBP in both arms in the treatment group was decreased between visits 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4, and 1 and follow-up. The DBP in both arms and in the right arm between visits 1 and 3 in the treatment group showed decreases. A minimal BT increase for treatment at CV06 and CV12 and a minimal BT decrease for treatment at CV17 and (Ex) Yintang were found. Patients in the treatment group who visited more frequently experienced a greater decrease in the PR, but that effect was not maintained. Conclusion: The results suggest that SAA SPJK treatment has instant positive effects on the BP, PR, and BT in patients with HB, but the effects on the BP and PR are not maintained.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2023

A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to summarize studies conducted on the effects of raspberry and blackcurrant consumption on blood pressure (BP). Eligible studies were detected by searching numerous five online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, until December 17, 2022. We pooled the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval (CI) by applying a random-effects model. Overall, the impact of raspberry and blackcurrant on BP was reported in ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (420 subjects). Pooled analysis of six clinical trials revealed that raspberry consumption has no significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean differences [WMDs], -1.42; 95% CI, -3.27 to 0.87; p = 0.224) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD, -0.53; 95% CI, -1.77 to 0.71; p = 0.401), in comparison with placebo. Moreover, pooled analysis of four clinical trials indicated that blackcurrant consumption did not reduce SBP (WMD, -1.46; 95% CI, -6.62 to 3.7; p = 0.579), and DBP (WMD, -2.09; 95% CI, -4.38 to 0.20; p = 0.07). Raspberry and blackcurrant consumption elicited no significant reductions in BP. More accurate RCTs are required to clarify the impact of raspberry and blackcurrant intake on BP.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

Background: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) might be associated with changes in the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The heart rate variability (HRV) shows the balance state between sympathetic and parasympathetic activities of the heart. The changes in these parameters of the HRV were studied to evaluate the possible mechanism of SGB in changing the BP. Methods: SGB was performed on 26 patients, using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level, and 8 ml of 1% mepivacaine injected. The success was confirmed by check the Horner's syndrome. The BP, HR and HRV were measured before and 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the SGB. Results: The increases in the BP from the baseline throughout the study period were statistically, but not clinically significant. The HR and LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) ratio were increased at 5 and 45 min, respectively, after the administration of the SGB. In a comparison of left and right SGB, no significant differences were found in the BP, HR and HRV. A correlation analysis showed that an increased BP was significantly related with the changes in the LF/HF ratio and LF at 15 and 30 minutes, respectively, after the SGB. Dividing the patients into two groups; an increased BP greater and less than 20% of that at the baseline INC and NOT groups, respectively, hoarseness occurred more often in the INC group (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It was concluded that SGB itself does not clinically increase the BP and HR in normal hemodynamic patients. However, the loss of balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system, attenuation of the baroreceptor reflex and hoarseness are minor causes of the increase in the BP following SGB; therefore, further studies will be required.