Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.49

The effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles following the supplementation of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice in South Korean subclinical hypertensive patients  

Han, Jeong-Hwa (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano-technology, Hannam University)
Lee, Hye-Jin (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano-technology, Hannam University)
Kim, Tae-Seok (R&D Center, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.)
Kang, Myung-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano-technology, Hannam University)
Publication Information
Nutrition Research and Practice / v.9, no.1, 2015 , pp. 49-56 More about this Journal
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.
Keywords
Brassica; GST polymorphism; hypertension; lipid profiles; blood glucose;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Wang B, Huang G, Wang D, Li A, Xu Z, Dong R, Zhang D, Zhou W. Null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma risk: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2010;53:508-18.   DOI
2 Navarro SL, Chang JL, Peterson S, Chen C, King IB, Schwarz Y, Li SS, Li L, Potter JD, Lampe JW. Modulation of human serum glutathione S-transferase A1/2 concentration by cruciferous vegetables in a controlled feeding study is influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:2974-8.   DOI
3 Jakubikova J, Bao Y, Sedlak J. Isothiocyanates induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial potential depolarization in HL-60 and multidrug-resistant cell lines. Anticancer Res 2005;25:3375-86.
4 Dyba M, Wang A, Noone AM, Goerlitz D, Shields P, Zheng YL, Rivlin R, Chung FL. Metabolism of isothiocyanates in individuals with positive and null GSTT1 and M1 genotypes after drinking watercress juice. Clin Nutr 2010;29:813-8.   DOI
5 Pemble S, Schroeder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB. Human glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic polymorphism. Biochem J 1994;300:271-6.   DOI
6 Kim SY, Yoon S, Kwon SM, Park KS, Lee-Kim YC. Kale juice improves coronary artery disease risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men. Biomed Environ Sci 2008;21:91-7.   DOI
7 Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
8 Zhang Y, Kolm RH, Mannervik B, Talalay P. Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;206:748-55.   DOI
9 Manfredi S, Calvi D, del Fiandra M, Botto N, Biagini A, Andreassi MG. Glutathione S-transferase T1- and M1-null genotypes and coronary artery disease risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacogenomics 2009;10:29-34.   DOI
10 Bessa SS, Ali EM, Hamdy SM. The role of glutathione S- transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and oxidative stress-related parameters in Egyptian patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Intern Med 2009;20:625-30.   DOI
11 Aydemir B, Onaran I, Kiziler AR, Alici B, Akyolcu MC. Increased oxidative damage of sperm and seminal plasma in men with idiopathic infertility is higher in patients with glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 null genotype. Asian J Androl 2007;9:108-15.   DOI
12 Wang J, Zou L, Huang S, Lu F, Lang X, Han L, Song Z, Xu Z. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1, GSTT1 and risk of coronary heart disease. Mutagenesis 2010;25:365-9.   DOI
13 Manchali S, Chidambara Murthy KN, Patil BS. Crucial facts about health benefits of popular cruciferous vegetables. J Funct Foods 2012;4:94-106.   DOI
14 Qiu LX, Yuan H, Yu KD, Mao C, Chen B, Zhan P, Xue K, Zhang J, Hu XC. Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 46,281 subjects. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010;121:703-8.   DOI
15 Liao C, Cao Y, Wu L, Huang J, Gao F. An updating meta-analysis of the glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a HuGE review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010;25:25-37.   DOI
16 Hansen ES. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper 7/1/2. Shared risk factors for cancer and atherosclerosis--a review of the epidemiological evidence. Mutat Res 1990;239:163-79.   DOI
17 Shapiro TA, Fahey JW, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Holtzclaw WD, Stephenson KK, Wade KL, Ye L, Talalay P. Safety, tolerance, and metabolism of broccoli sprout glucosinolates and isothiocyanates: a clinical phase I study. Nutr Cancer 2006;55:53-62.   DOI
18 Steck SE, Gammon MD, Hebert JR, Wall DE, Zeisel SH. GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTA1 polymorphisms and urinary isothiocyanate metabolites following broccoli consumption in humans. J Nutr 2007; 137:904-9.   DOI
19 Hofmann T, Kuhnert A, Schubert A, Gill C, Rowland IR, Pool-Zobel BL, Glei M. Modulation of detoxification enzymes by watercress: in vitro and in vivo investigations in human peripheral blood cells. Eur J Nutr 2009;48:483-91.   DOI
20 Lampe JW, Chen C, Li S, Prunty J, Grate MT, Meehan DE, Barale KV, Dightman DA, Feng Z, Potter JD. Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:787-93.
21 Concolino P, Cecchetti F, D'Autilia C, Santonocito C, Di Stasio E, Zuppi C, Arcuri C, Deli G, Giardina B, Capoluongo E, Ameglio F. Association of periodontitis with GSTM1/GSTT1-null variants-a pilot study. Clin Biochem 2007;40:939-45.   DOI
22 Gasper AV, Al-Janobi A, Smith JA, Bacon JR, Fortun P, Atherton C, Taylor MA, Hawkey CJ, Barrett DA, Mithen RF. Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and metabolism of sulforaphane from standard and high-glucosinolate broccoli. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82: 1283-91.   DOI
23 Han JH, Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Yun KE, Kang MH. Association between oxidative stress and blood pressure in Korean subclinical hypertensive patients. Korean J Nutr 2013;46:126-36.   DOI
24 The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
25 Bell DA, Taylor JA, Paulson DF, Robertson CN, Mohler JL, Lucier GW. Genetic risk and carcinogen exposure: a common inherited defect of the carcinogen-metabolism gene glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) that increases susceptibility to bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1159-64.   DOI
26 Zhang Y, Talalay P. Mechanism of differential potencies of isothiocyanates as inducers of anticarcinogenic Phase 2 enzymes. Cancer Res 1998;58:4632-9.
27 Ye L, Zhang Y. Total intracellular accumulation levels of dietary isothiocyanates determine their activity in elevation of cellular glutathione and induction of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:1987-92.   DOI
28 Lifton RP. Molecular genetics of human blood pressure variation. Science 1996;272:676-80.   DOI
29 Cho MR, Han JH, Lee HJ, Park YK, Kang MH. Purple grape juice supplementation in smokers and antioxidant status according to different types of GST polymorphisms. J Clin Biochem Nutr. Forthcoming 2014.
30 Saadat M, Bahaoddini A, Mohabatkar H. Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 modulate blood pressure of individuals chronically exposed to natural sour gas containing sulfur compounds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;316:749-52.   DOI
31 Delles C, Padmanabhan S, Lee WK, Miller WH, McBride MW, McClure JD, Brain NJ, Wallace C, Marcano AC, Schmieder RE, Brown MJ, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Farrall M, Webster J, Connell JM, Dominiczak AF. Glutathione S-transferase variants and hypertension. J Hypertens 2008;26:1343-52.   DOI
32 Saadat M, Dadbine-Pour A. Influence of polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 on systolic blood pressure of normotensive individuals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;326:449-54.   DOI
33 Polimanti R, Piacentini S, Lazzarin N, Re MA, Manfellotto D, Fuciarelli M. Glutathione S-transferase variants as risk factor for essential hypertension in Italian patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2011;357:227-33.   DOI
34 Amer MA, Ghattas MH, Abo-Elmatty DM, Abou-El-Ela SH. Influence of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms on type-2 diabetes mellitus risk. Genet Mol Res 2011;10:3722-30.   DOI
35 Bahadoran Z, Tohidi M, Nazeri P, Mehran M, Azizi F, Mirmiran P. Effect of broccoli sprouts on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012;63:767-71.   DOI
36 Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Potential efficacy of broccoli sprouts as a unique supplement for management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. J Med Food 2013;16:375-82.   DOI
37 Brauer HA, Libby TE, Mitchell BL, Li L, Chen C, Randolph TW, Yasui YY, Lampe JW, Lampe PD. Cruciferous vegetable supplementation in a controlled diet study alters the serum peptidome in a GSTM1- genotype dependent manner. Nutr J 2011;10:11.   DOI
38 Seow A, Shi CY, Chung FL, Jiao D, Hankin JH, Lee HP, Coetzee GA, Yu MC. Urinary total isothiocyanate (ITC) in a population-based sample of middle-aged and older Chinese in Singapore: relationship with dietary total ITC and glutathione S-transferase M1/T1/P1 genotypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7:775-81.
39 Maciel SS, Pereira Ada C, Silva GJ, Rodrigues MV, Mill JG, Krieger JE. Association between glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2009;206: 204-8.   DOI
40 Jo HR, Lee HJ, Kang MH. Antioxidative status, DNA damage and lipid profiles in Korean young adults by glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Korean J Nutr 2011;44:16-28.   DOI
41 Fowke JH, Shu XO, Dai Q, Shintani A, Conaway CC, Chung FL, Cai Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Urinary isothiocyanate excretion, brassica consumption, and gene polymorphisms among women living in Shanghai, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:1536-9.
42 Kim JS, Kim HY, Park YK, Kim TS, Kang MH. The effects of green vegetable juice (Angelica keiskei) supplementation on plasma lipids and antioxidant status in smokers. Korean J Nutr 2003;36:933-41.
43 Kang D, Lee KH, Lee KM, Kwon HJ, Hong YC, Cho SH, Strickland PT. Design issues in cross-sectional biomarkers studies: urinary biomarkers of PAH exposure and oxidative stress. Mutat Res 2005;592:138-46.   DOI