• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

Ternary blended concrete, which contains both fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag, has an initial cost effective and is environment friendly. Furthermore, it has a lot of technical advantages such as the improvement of long term compressive strength, high workability, and the reduction of hydration heat. However, as the use and study on the performance of ternary blended concrete is limited, it is worthwhile studying the actual performance of this technology. This study examined the durability performance of ternary blended concrete, compared to binary blended concrete and ordinary portland concrete. It led to the conclusion that ternary blended concrete is very suitable for submerged members under marine environment. However, it should be noticed that ternary blended concrete becomes weak on carbonation, when it is situated on combined deterioration environment of carbonation and chloride. Therefore, the curing duration of ternary blended concrete should be prolonged in order to enhance the resistance of carbonation.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

The present study is focused on the mechanical and durability properties of ternary blended cement concrete mix of different grades 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa. Three mineral admixtures (fly ash, silica fume and lime sludge) were used as a partial replacement of cement in the preparation of blended concrete mix. The durability of ternary blended cement concrete mix was studied by exposing it to acids HCl and $H_2SO_4$ at 5% concentration. Acid mass loss factors (AMLF), acid strength loss factor (ASLF) and acid durability factor (ADF) were determined, and the results were compared with the control mix. Chloride ions penetration was investigated by conducting rapid chlorination penetration test and accelerated corrosion penetration test on control mix and ternary blended cement concrete. From the results, it was evident that the usage of these mineral admixtures is having a beneficiary role on the strength as well as durability properties. The results inferred that the utilization of these materials as a partial replacement of cement have significantly enhanced the compressive strength of blended concrete mix in 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa by 42.95%, 32.48% and 22.79%. The blended concrete mix shown greater resistance to acid attack compared to control mix concrete. Chloride ion ingress of the blended cement concrete mix was low compared to control mix implying the beneficiary role of mineral admixtures.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.487-490
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ternary blended cement concrete mixed with slag cement and fly ash on the compressive strength, the resistance to chloride ion penetration and reduction of hydration heat. Each performance of ternary blended cement concrete compared with binary blended cement concrete and ordinary portland cement concrete. As a result, it was concluded that ternary blended cement concrete is suitable to mass concrete under marine environment.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2019

Metakaolin (MK), which is increasingly being used to produce high performance concrete, is produced by calcining purified kaolinite between 650 and $700^{\circ}C$ in a rotary kiln. The carbonation resistance of metakaolin blended concrete is lower than that of control concrete. Hence, it is critical to consider carbonation durability for rationally using metakaolin in the concrete industry. This study presents microstructure modeling during the carbonation of metakaolin blended concrete. First, based on a blended hydration mo del, the amount of carbonatable substances and porosity are determined. Second, based on the chemical reactions between carbon dioxide and carbonatable substances, the reduction of concrete porosity due to carbonation is calculated. Furthermore, $CO_2$ diffusivity is evaluated considering the concrete composition and exposed environment. The carbonation depth of concrete is analyzed using a diffusion-based model. The proposed microstructure model takes into account the influences of concrete composition, concrete curing, and exposure condition on carbonation. The proposed model is useful as a predetermination tool for the evaluation of the carbonation service life of metakaolin blended concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.227-232
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• 2002

To evaluate the practical application of oyster shells as construction materials, an experimental study was performed. More specifically, the long-term mechanical properties and durability of concrete blended with oyster shells were investigated. Test results indicate that long-term strength of concrete blended with 10% oyster shells is almost identical to that of normal concrete. However, the long-term strength of concrete blended with 20% oyster shells Is appreciably lower than that of normal concrete. 1'hereby, concrete with higher oyster shell has the possibility giving a bad influence on the concrete long-term strength. Elastic modulus of concrete blended with crushed oyster shells decreases as the blending mixture ratio increases. Namely, the modulus is reduced by approximately 10∼15% when oyster shells are blended up to 20% replacing the fine aggregate. The drying shrinkage strain increases as the blending ratio increases. In addition, the existing model code of drying shrinkage does not coincide with the test results of this study. An adequate prediction equation needs to be developed. The utilization of oyster shells as the fine aggregate in concrete has an insignificant effect on freezing and thawing resistance, carbonation and sulfuric acid attack of concrete recycling. However, water permeability is considerably improved.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.653-656
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 댐의 설계 및 건설에 있어 댐 콘크리트의 내구성을 향상시키기 위한 것이다. 특히, 콘크리트 표면 차수벽형 석괴댐(Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam)의 경우 표면 차수벽 콘크리트의 내구성은 시멘트의 일부를 플라이애쉬로 치환하고 blended 섬유(고인성 섬유 + 일반 섬유)를 사용함으로써 향상될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 플라이애쉬의 치환율 및 blended 섬유의 혼입율에 따른 표면 차수벽 콘크리트의 내구성과 열특성 실험을 수행하고 그 효과를 분석하였다. 실험결과 플라이애쉬 치환율은 15%, blended 섬유의 혼입율은 0.1%(고인성 섬유 $0.09kg/m^3$ + 일반 섬유 $0.81kg/m^3$)인 경우 내구성 측면에서 가장 우수한 결과를 보여 주었으며, 특히 다른 배합에 비하여 균열발생 가능성이 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.641-644
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• 2006

Considering properties of the low-heat concrete mixed with the blended cements, the influences compared blended cements with ordinary portland cement made experiments on. (1) Blended cements were superior to OPC in the fresh concrete flow that the use of blended cements reduced chemical admixture. (2) The more the use of additive increase, the more bleeding happens. So it is considered to heights, order, and rate of placement, curing methods and so on. (3) The use of blended cements increase long term strength after 28 days, but decrease early strength and durability. So it is considered to the curing methods and early frost damage, and endurance limit.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-26
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• 2002

Ternary blended concrete containing both fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag is initial cost effective, and environment friendly. Furthermore, it has many technical advantages such as improvement of long term compressive strength, rheology property, reduction of hydration heat, etc. However, use and data on the performance of ternary blended concrete are limited, and it is necessary to study on the adoption of this technology. This study examined the durability performance of ternary blended concrete comparing with binary blended concrete and ordinary portland concrete. From the results of this study, it was concluded that ternary blended concrete is very suitable to submerged zone under maine environment.

• Architectural research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

To improve the chloride ingress resistance of concrete, slag is widely used as a mineral admixture in concrete industry. And currently, most of experimental investigations about non steady state diffusion tests of chloride penetration are started after four weeks standard curing of concrete. For slag blended concrete, during submerged chloride penetration tests periods, binder reaction proceeds continuously, and chloride diffusivity decreases. However, so far the dependence of chloride ingress on curing ages are not detailed considered. To address this disadvantage, this paper shows a numerical procedure to analyze simultaneously binder hydration reactions and chloride ion penetration process. First, using a slag blended cement hydration model, degree of reactions of binders, combined water, and capillary porosity of hardening blended concrete are determined. Second, the dependences of chloride diffusivity on capillary porosity of slag blended concrete are clarified. Third, by considering time dependent chloride diffusivity and surface chloride content, chloride penetration profiles in hardening concrete are calculated. The proposed prediction model is verified through chloride immersion penetration test results of concrete with different water to binder ratios and slag contents.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2008

혼화재를 사용한 혼합콘크리트는 콘크리트의 품질을 개선시키며 지속가능한 콘크리트구조물의 건설에도 기여하고 있다. 실리카퓸 (SF), 고로슬래그미분말 (GGBS), 플라이애쉬 (PFA) 등의 시멘트계 결합재는 고성능콘크리트의 혼화재로서 인식이 증가되고 있으나, 삼성분계 혼합콘크리트에 대한 연구는 매우 제한적이며, 특히 염해에 의한 부식저항성 측면에서의 연구는 상당히 취약한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 보통포틀랜드시멘트의 경우를 50%의 치환율로 고정한 후 고로슬래그미분말의 경우는 $20{\sim}40%$, 실리카퓸의 경우에는 $5{\sim}15%$, 플라이애쉬의 경우는 $10{\sim}45%$로 치환한 경우의 각종 배합에 의한 염해부식저항성에 관한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 삼성분계 혼합콘크리트의 염해부식저항성을 평가한 본 연구에서는, 수행 실험으로서 부식 저항성 실험, 염소이온 고정화 능력 실험, 급속 염화물 촉진 실험, 산중성화 저항 능력 실험 등을 수행하였다. 연구 결과로서, 삼성분계 콘크리트는 미세구조를 치밀화 하여 염소이온의 이동을 지연시키고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 염분을 함유한 삼성분계 혼합콘크리트 내의 염소이온 고정화 능력 및 산중성화 저항 능력이 크게 개선되고 있음을 확인하여 염해에 대한 부식 저항성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.