• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.223-241
• /
• 1999

공공도서관은 주민들의 문화수준을 향상시키기 위하여 주민들이 접근 할 수 있도록 도서관과 관외 봉사 거점을 많이 설립하고 이들을 거점으로 주민들이 독서활동을 할 수 있는 독서회를 조직하고 그 독서회를 중심으로 활동하는 것이 독서활동을 활성화하는 효율적인 방법으로 판단되어 공공도서관은 주민을 대상으로 계층별 및 주제별에 따라 또는 주민들이 자신의 취미나 특기에 따라 활동할 수 있는 독서회를 조직하도록 한다. 그리고 공공도서관은 관내 모든 독서회를 대상으로 하는 종합적인 총괄프로그램을 구성하여 운영한다. 또한 공공도서관은 독서회원들이 활동하는데 필요한 정보를 서로 주고받을 수 있도록 홈페이지를 개설해 운영하고,‘뉴스레터’의 발행으로 독서회 활동을 정리하면서 관리한다면 훌륭한 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2006

The sludge settleability is a key factor for operating activated sludge process as well as BNR (biological nutrient removal) process, because the poor sludge settling causes an increase of suspended solid in the effluent. In order to improving the sludge settleability, a settling agent such as iron dust can be applied. In this study, the effect of sludge settleability on the performance of DNR (Daewoo nutrient removal) process was investigated with GPS-X, which is the popular wastewater treatment process model program, and the result of modeling was verified with operating lab-scale DNR process. As a result, if the sludge blanket keeps stable in the secondary settling tank, the effluent quality is similar in spite of different SVI values. And in case of the good sludge settleability, short HRT or long SRT increased the biomass concentration in the bioreactor, and improved the pollutant removal efficiency. In spite of daily influent changing, the good sludge settleability also guaranteed the stable effluent quality. And the results of the lab-scale DNR process experiment could support the simulated results.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 UASB 반응조를 이용한 슬러리형 돈사폐수의 혐기성 소화시 암모니아 부하의 영향을 평가하였다. UASB 반응조는 $0.02{\sim}0.96kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 범위의 NVLR로 운전되었으며, 정상상태에서 biogas내 메탄함량은 73.3~77.9%였다. FA 농도는 메탄생성미생물의 저해 범위까지 증가하였으나, 메탄함량을 고려할 때, FA와 TA로 인한 저해는 발생하지 않았다. NVLR이 증가함에 따라 COD 제거율은 악화되었으며, $0.55kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 이하의 부하에서 COD 제거율을 60% 이상으로 유지할 수 있었다. NVLR이 0.09에서 $0.96kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$로 증가함에 따라, biogas의 생성량은 3.71에서 9.14L/day로 증가하였으며, COD의 메탄으로 전환율은 0.32에서 $0.20m^3CH_4/kg$으로 감소하였다. FA농도, COD 제거율, 메탄생성률 등을 고려할 때, UASB 반응조는$0.40kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 이하의 NVLR로 운영되어야 한다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.300-305
• /
• 2003

Reduced activation ferritic (JLF-1) steel is leading candidates for blanket/first-wall structures of the D-T fusion reactor. In fusion application, structural materials will suffer effects of repeated changes of temperature. Therefore, the data base of tensile strength and fracture toughness at operated temperature $400^{\circ}C$ are very important. Fracture toughness ($J_{IC}$) and tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and elevated temperature ($400^{\circ}C$). Fracture toughness tests were performed with two type size to investigate the relationship between the constraint effect of a size and the fracture toughness resistance curve. As the results, the tensile strength and the fracture toughness values of the JLF-1 steel are slightly decreased with increasing temperature. The fracture resistance curve increased with increasing plane size and decreased with increasing thickness. The fracture toughness values of JLF-1 steel at room temperature and at $400^{\circ}C$ shows an excellent fracture toughness ($J_{IC}$) of about $530kJ/m^2\;and\;340kJ/m^2$, respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1174-1179
• /
• 2005

상향류식 슬러지 블랭킷(USB) 반응조에서 탈질 및 메탄생성 동시반응에 N/C(${NO_3}^--N/COD$)비가 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 질산염을 첨가하지 않은 반응조에서 84%의 유입 COD가 메탄가스로 전환되었다. N/C 비가 증가함에 따라, 질소가스의 발생량은 증가하였으나, 메탄가스 발생은 감소하여 N/C 비 0.20 이상에서 중지되었다. 유입된 질산염은 완전히 질소가스로 탈질 되었으나 N/C비가 0.40에서는 유기탄소원의 부족으로 인해 질산염 제거효율이 40% 미만으로 감소하였다. N/C 비가 증가함에 따라 탈질반응에 의해 소비된 COD 양은 증가하였다. 메탄생성 반응은 N/C 비 0.05 이상에서 영향을 받기 시작하였는데, 이는 질산염과 이들의 탈질과정에서 발생된 중간생성물의 저해영향보다는 탈질과 메탄생성에 관여하는 미생물간의 유기탄소원에 대한 기질경쟁으로 설명될 수 있다. 동시 탈질과 메탄생성반응이 발생할 수 있는 임계 N/C 비는 0.20이었으며, 이 범위에서 유입된 COD는 탈질, 메탄생성 및 세포합성을 포함하는 기타 생화학적 반응들에 의해 92% 이상 제거되었다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2015

Background: During head and neck surgery including orthognathic surgery, mild intraoperative hypothermia occurs frequently. Hypothermia is associated with postanesthetic shivering, which may increase the risk of other postoperative complications. To improve intraoperative thermoregulation, devices such as forced-air warming blankets can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemental forced-air warming blankets in preventing postanesthetic shivering. Methods: This retrospective study included 113 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between March and September 2015. According to the active warming method utilized during surgery, patients were divided into two groups: Group W (n = 55), circulating-water mattress; and Group F (n = 58), circulating-water mattress and forced-air warming blanket. Surgical notes and anesthesia and recovery room records were evaluated. Results: Initial axillary temperatures did not significantly differ between groups (Group $W=35.9{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C$, Group $F=35.8{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$). However, at the end of surgery, the temperatures in Group W were significantly lower than those in Group F ($35.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $36.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, P = 0.04). The average body temperatures in Groups W and F were, respectively, $35.9{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $36.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ (P = 0.0001). In Group W, 24 patients (43.6%) experienced postanesthetic shivering, while in Group F, only 12 (20.7%) patients required treatment for postanesthetic shivering (P = 0.009, odds ratio = 0.333, 95% confidence interval: 0.147-0.772). Conclusions: Additional use of forced-air warming blankets in orthognathic surgery was superior in maintaining normothermia and reduced the incidence of postanesthetic shivering.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 지상파 Digital TV(Television) 방송의 난시청 지역 해소를 위하여 동일 채널 DTV ICS(Interference Cancellation System) 극소출력 중계기를 이용한 필드 테스트 분석을 통한 효과를 입증하였다. 전국적으로 산재한 난시청 지역(자연적) 및 건물(인위적)중에서 7개소를 필드 테스트 지역으로 선정하고, 각 방송국(KBS1, KBS2, EBS, MBC, SBS)에 대하여 ICS 극소출력 중계기의 설치 전, 후의 수신 전계 강도와 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratios)을 측정하고, 또한 수신율 개선 현황을 통하여 ICS 극소출력 중계기의 효과를 검증하고, 향후 ICS 타입 극소출력 중계기의 확산을 위한 연구 기반을 제공하였다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2004

A piece of coating color or base paper picked during printing is called coating pick. Loosely bonded materials of coating color or broken piece of fiber could be adhered to the blanket or would be mixed with ink during printing. Because the coating pick can make troubles in printing press such as piling, hickey and collecting, the coating pick of a paper has been one of the most serious problems in printing. In this paper, two influential factors to the coating pick in the printing, those are latex content and ash content of the coating color, are studied. The surface resistance of coating paper is directly proportional to the latex content, otherwise inversely proportional to the ash content. We propose a different way to evaluate the picking and used a homemade pick test device.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2003

Background: Delayed mucociliary clearance develops the pooling of nasal secretion in the nasal cavity and is a common cause of vicious cycle of symptoms in chronic sinusitis. mucociliary clearance depends on the ciliary activity, the rheological property of the secretion and on the interaction between cilia and the mucous blanket. Objective: To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of herbal medicine (Hyunggyeyungotang) on the mucociliary transport in the chronic sinusitis using saccharine Materials and methods: Forty patients treated in our hospital between september 2000 and september 2001 were studied. Before and after therapy group are composed of twenty patients. Kamihyunggyeyungyotang was administered mainly. We analyzed the saccharine mucociliary transport time of patients. Results: 1) In the control group, the transport time is about 13.4 minutes. 2) In chronic sinusitis before Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 27.7 minutes. 3) In chronic sinusitis after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 13.8 minutes. Conclusion: Delayed mucociliary transport time in chronic sinusitis is earlier after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.497-502
• /
• 2012

Anaerobic Digestion Process is evaluated as efficient wastewater treatment process with the removal of high concentrations of organic waste and production of biogas. This study was performed using hybrid anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) which consists of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and biofilm-coated filter media was applied for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) for 80 days to know optimum removal efficiency and production of biogas by comparing each part which divided changing Organic Loading Rate (OLR). As a result of this study, the removal efficiency was 90.4 % when the organic loading rate of influent was 15 kg COD/$m^3$/day. Since organic loading rate was up to 20 kg COD/$m^3$/day, the removal rate declined 80.7%. Over loading of influent caused sludge expansion and overproduction of microorganism. Amount of biogas was collected 82.3 L/day and pH was remained 6.9 constantly with balance of alkalinity.