• Korean Security Journal
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• no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 1999

Troublesome problems are being caused by hallucinogenic drugs which come not only from illegal narcotics but also from unprohibited general drug-kinds such as cough-remedy agents of textromerupan, namely, Lamina, Rubi-king and the likes. Abuse and misuse of narcotics permeated into and threatens mental health of socially-known peoples, actor, actress, talents and businessmen as well. This study especially dealt with problems related with Mesampetamin, Rurajaepam, Texstrometropan and Karisofrodol which affects mental behaviour, and considered counter-measures through analysis and developed appropriate system of goods circulation for guidance to be complied by the medicine professionalists. The guidance sought here is recommended to the government ministries for further enforcement of crack-down of the drug crimes. Arquesa in method is recommend as a method of identifying behaviors and facial expressions of abusers and misusers of narcotics at the spot in place. This study is directed to curtailing hallucinogenic drugs use for absolute preventive security by detecting out black dealers of narcotics supplying to the abusers and misusers. There is a need of special education program to cut off the flow of narcotics or drugs crimes into official security force as well as private security personnel. This study introduced a priority and emphasis of real augmentation to theory and practice of the modern scientific security which can protect the mental health of the guarded persons as well especially in the light of security safety curriculum at the school.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2017

Fishes in genus Sardinella are small pelagic species, which plays an important role in marine ecosystem as the first consumer. Those species are also commercially important, whose total catch reaches 278,600 tons in 2011 in Indonesia, but their identification has been difficult for their morphological similarity. In this study, we reported Sardinella jussieu for the first time in Indonesian coastal area (Banten Bay, Indonesia, $6^{\circ}\;0^{\prime}\;50.00^{{\prime}{\prime}}\;S-106^{\circ}\;10^{\prime}\;21.00^{{\prime}{\prime}}\;E$). We were able to confirm the species by both its morphological characteristics including the black spot at dorsal fin origin, the dusky pigmentation at caudal fin, 31 total scute numbers, and DNA sequence identity in the GenBank database by the molecular analysis. Its total mitochondrial genome was determined by the combination of next-generation sequencing and typical PCR strategy. The total mitochondrial genome of Sardinella jussieu (16,695 bp) encoded 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and the putative control region. All protein-coding genes started with ATG and typical stop codon and ended with TAA or TAG except for ND4 in which AGA is used. Phylogenetic analyses of both COI region and full mitochondrial genome showed that S. jussieu is most closely related to Sardinella albella and Sardinella gibbosa

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-344
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• 2014

A single specimen of Pseudocaranx dentex (115.8 mm in standard length), belonging to the family Carangidae, was firstly collected by a set net in the coastal waters of Jeju Island on July 14, 2014. This species was characterized by a yellow stripe presented along both sides, a single series of canine teeth arranged on jaws, a black spot on upper margin of opercle, and snout length longer than eye diameter. We newly add this species to the Korean fish fauna and propose its Korean name "Heuk-jeom-jul-jeon-gaeng-i-sok" and "Heuk-jeom-jul-jeon-gaeng-i" for the genus and species, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1975

Took an experiment of the jam manufacture with the raw material―the persimmons mellowed naturally and the persimmons which were got rid of astringency artificially―with many kinds of Korean persimmons. The results as follows : 1. Table 1. shows the analysis Table of the nutritional composition in the raw persimmon and Table 2. shows the gelation factor content in the persimmon. 2. Table 3. shows the mixture ratio of the manufacturing raw material of persimmon jam and shows the properties of the jam. 3. The color of the jam manufactured with made from the natural mellowed persimmons was persimmon color containing black spot or orange. But the jam manufactured with the persimmons which were got rid of astringency by ethanol changed from persimmon color to light purple during the storage. 4. The jam manufactured with the natural mellowed persimmons did not taste astringent but the jam manufactured with the persimmons which were got rid of astringency artificially tasted astringent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 2023

A single specimen (30.35 mm standard length) of Ptereleotris evides was collected from the southern coast of Jejudo Island, Korea, in September 2017 during a skin diving outing. Ptereleotris evides is characterized by having a slightly elongated body, six spines on the 1^st dorsal fin, one spine and 25 soft rays on the 2^nd dorsal fin, 22 pectoral fin rays, one spine and four soft rays on the pelvic fin, one spine and 25 soft rays on the anal fin, and no disc in pelvic fin. This species differs from the congeneric species, P. hanae and P. heteroptera in having no elongated rays on the caudal fin and a black spot at the ventral margin of the caudal peduncle, respectively. Molecular analysis results based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences showed that our specimen almost corresponded to P. evides (99.82%) sequences from registered at the NCBI. As this is the first record of P. evides in Korean waters, we propose a new Korean name for it, "Ga-mak-cheong-hwang-mun-jeol".

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

Anthracnose crown rot (ACR) has been observed in greenhouses during the nursery and harvest seasons in Gangwon Province, Korea. Infected plants showed black leaf spot, dark sunken pink conidial masses on petioles, wilting, and eventually death. Five isolates were obtained from the lesions of strawberry plants and were identified as a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis of actin, calmodulin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenase genes, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions showed that the isolates formed a monophyletic group with the type strain of C. siamense. Pathogenicity tests were performed on the isolate, and Koch's postulates were performed to verify the relationship between Colletotrichum sp. and the strawberry plant variety Seolhyang. The isolate was pathogenic to strawberry plants, which exhibited typical ACR symptoms. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and DNA sequence analyses, the fungus isolated in Korea was identified as C. siamense. This is first time C. siamense has been confirmed in ever-bearing strawberry varieties in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2018

In this study, real-time absorption coefficients of carbonaceous species in $PM_{2.5}$ was observed using a dual-spot 7-wavelength Aethalometer between November 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 at an urban site of Gwangju. In addition, 24-hr integrated $PM_{2.5}$ samples were simultaneously collected at the same site and analyzed for organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC and EC) using the thermal-optical transmittance protocol. A main objective of this study was to estimate mass absorption cross section (MAC) values of black carbon (BC) particles at the study site using the linear regression between aethalometer-based absorption coefficient and filter-based EC concentration. BC particles observed at 880 nm is mainly emitted from combustion of fossil fuels, and their concentration is typically reported as equivalent BC concentration (eBC). eBC concentration calculated using MAC value of $7.77m^2/g$ at wavelength of 880 nm, which was proposed by a manufacturer, ranged from 0.3 to $7.4{\mu}g/m^3$ with an average value of $1.9{\pm}1.2{\mu}g/m^3$, accounting for 7.3% (1.5~20.9%) of $PM_{2.5}$. The relationship between aerosol absorption coefficients at 880 nm and EC concentrations provided BC MAC value of $15.2m^2/g$, ranging from 11.4 to $16.2m^2/g$. The eBC concentrations calculated using the estimated MAC of $15.2m^2/g$ were significantly lower than those reported originally from aethalometer, and ranged from 0.2 to $3.8{\mu}g/m^3$, with an average of $1.0{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/m^3$, accounting for 3.7% of $PM_{2.5}$ (0.8~10.7%). Result from this study suggests that if the MAC value recommended by the manufacturer is applied to calculate the equivalent BC concentration and radiative forcing due to BC absorption, they would result in significant errors, implying investigation of an unique MAC value of BC particles at a study site.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

Flying behavior during nighttime and control methods of fruit sucking pests were investigated in yuzu (Citrus junos) groves at Koheung area from August to November in 1999. Among the 3 kind of bulbs with different color (white, blue and yellow), white bulb attracted the most number of fruit sucking pests . The 93 percent of the moths was attracted from sunset to 24 o\`clock. Main flying time of hemipteriods in early, mid, and late October were from 22 to 04 o\`clock, sunset to 02 o\`clock and sunset to 24 o\`clock, respectively. Their flying time become earlier as the night temperature declines. For control of fruit sucking pests, attraction liquid traps, light traps (100 W) and illumination light bulb were set up in the yuzu groves (1,000 $\m^2$) from the 1 st October to the 3rd November. Attraction liquid was composed of a raw rice wine 2,000 ml+black sugar 100 g+vinegar 100 ml. When established at 3 sites per 1,000 $\m^2$ orchard, attraction liquid trap reduced the number of sucking spots on yuzu fruit to 64% and its attracting effect maintained for 3 weeks after setting-up. Three light traps per 1,000 m2 which turned on from sunset to 02 o\`clock reduced the number of sucking spots by 60% .

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

Aquatic animal raised in hatcheries play an important role in supplying seedling to stock enhancement and seed quality, especially, seed health is the key factor for survival in the field after release and for stocking effectiveness. We have inspected the hatchery-reared seeds of 33 marine species and 12 freshwater species for legally designated diseases in stock enhancement program in 2010. Results showed that abalone was the most abundant as 20.0% in the marine species group and then sea cucumber (15.6%), olive flounder (8.4%), rockfish (6.7%), black sea bream (6.3%) and swimming crab (6.1%) were followed. Crucian carp was the most abundant as 19.4%, and then eel (11.8%), Korean bullhead (10.9%), mandarin fish (10.8%), melanian snail (8.4%), catfish (7.7%) were followed in the freshwater species group. The total number of inspection cases for eight pathogens in this study were 2,105 and disqualification cases were 30 by detection of aquatic animals pathogens such as koi herpesvirus (KHV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV).

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1979

The early history of gun powder (black powder) and explosives was closely connected with the discovery of methods of preparing and purifing salpetre (potassium nitrate KNO$_3$). The Chineses apparently became acquainted with salpetre firstly on about 11th century, and they were possibly the original discoverers of salpetre for raw material of gun powder. The Egyptians called it “Chinese snow”, and it is significant that Chingis-Khan, the Mongol conqueror, took the Chinese eenginees with him in 1218 to use it for attacking the fortifications of the Persian cities. The black powder was invented by chance by Chinese alchemists during the Song dynasty (11th century) in the process of manufacturing medicine, and the powder was introduced to Europe by Mongol army. The manufacturing method of salpetre and gun powder was introduced to Korea from China in 1374, and the powder alld gunnery manufacturing project was developed by Mu Sun Choe(崔茂宣), the first Korean engineer late in Koryo dynasty. Coming in to Yi dynasty the explosive technic, extractive method of salpetre, and gunnery manufacturing process were developed greatly by Mu Sun Choe and Hai Sin Choe (崔海臣). However, confronting with the Japanes invasion at Imjin War (1597) with more powerful western style rifles which had been introduced from the Portuguese, on the contrary Korean army with the traditional guns couldn't compete with them. The Chochong(烏銃, the western rifle introduced in Japane) were much superior to the Chinese style traditional guns in the shooting power and striking efficiency. On the other hand, the Japanese battle ships armed only with the Chochong, when confronted with the Korean turtle shaped ships under the commanding of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin(李舞臣), were defeated by the Korean canons on the ships. The technical development of the modern powder industry in Korea. with the construction of four big explosive plants from 1930 to 1945, has resulted the mass-production of explosives. This study was purposed to investigate to the process with regard to the details of introduction to the explosive technology in Korea, and intended to give a help to the engineers who are engaged in study of the explosive technics by means of giving a spot light data on the early process of the designs, and making suggestion to the researchers for further study and invent a new and modern explosive.