• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the most important diseases of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Two types of symptoms found in ginseng root rot are black root rot and rusty root (rusty spots), in which disease severities are high and low, respectively. Symptom development and related histopathological changes were examined in an inoculation test on 2-year-old ginseng roots using virulent (Cy9801) and avirulent (Cy0001) isolates of C. destructans under different temperature conditions (13, 18, 23, and $28^{\circ}C$). Black root rot was only induced by Cy9801 in the lower temperature range (13, 18, and $23^{\circ}C$) and not at the higher temperature ($28^{\circ}C$). No black root rot, but only rusty spot symptoms, were induced by Cy0001 at all temperatures tested except $13^{\circ}C$, at which no symptoms occurred on over half of inoculation sites, suggesting disease development was influenced by pathogen virulence and temperature. Wound periderms were formed in all root tissues with rust spot symptoms at $28^{\circ}C$ caused by Cy9801 and at 18, 23, and $28^{\circ}C$ temperatures caused by Cy0001. No wound periderm was formed at $13^{\circ}C$ by either Cy9801 or Cy0001. Light microscopy revealed that the wound periderm was formed by initial cell divisions in cell wall formation and/or additional cell wall layering in parenchyma cells without obvious nuclear division, followed by layering of the divided cells adjacent to the inoculation sites, blocking the spread of the rot. These results suggest that disease development declined at lower temperatures and by the formation of a wound periderm at higher temperatures, and that ginseng rusty root may develop under conditions unfavorable for further disease development of C. destructans.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.25-28
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• 1965

본 병은 그 병징이 종래에 알려진 일반 묘썩음병과는 달리 검은빛 균사가 수중의 종자표면을 뒤덮어 자라면서 종자표면을 흑변시킬 뿐만 아니라, 종자의 주위토양까지도 흑변시켰으며, 발아한 종자는 최고 3cm 이상은 자라지도 못하고 흑변하여 부패하였다. 병원균은 자연상태에서나 인공배양기상에서나 포자를 형성하지 않았으며, 균사는 현미경하에서 암색을 띄었고 뚜렷한 격막을 갖고 있었다. 따라서 종래의 벼모썩음병 병원균의 대부분이 Phycomysetes에 속했으나 본병원균은 불완전균을 닮아 있었으며, 앞으로 그 구명을 위한 계속적인 연구가 필요했다. 본병의 발병환경은 모든 면에서 종래의 벼 모썩음병과 거의 동일했으며, 특히 종자가 발아할 때의 환경조건이 절대적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본병균은 종자를 통해서 전염되는 경우는 없었으며, 오직 감염된 토양에 의해서만 전염된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1980

An undescribed black root rot of soybean, caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae, was observed in Suweon area. The diseased plants showed yellowing at the top and dry rot at the root. Lesions of roots and stems in the soil were red to brown and main roots were cracked. Although not observed the disease in the field, leaves of inoculated test plants in the greenhouse exhibited circular, brown lesion surrounded by chloratic halos. The fungus was recovered in culture from the infected stem and root, and the perithecia of Calonectria crotalariae were demonstrated to be present as well as the cylindrocladium state. The fungus was pathogenic to the root, stem, petioles and leaves of soybean. The probable source of primary inoculum was microsclerotia formed in infected soybean root and stem from the previous season's soybean debris. Black root rot by this fungus was considered to be one of detrimental factors to the maximum yield of soybean. From the morphological and physiological characteristics and pathogenic behaviors, this fungus was identified as Cylindrocladium(Calonectria) crotalariae.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2003

대표적인 azo계 반응성 염료인 Remazol Black B에 대한 탈색능이 우수한 신규 백색부후균인 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L의 탈색 특성을 평가해 보았다. 보조 탄소원 농도, 질소원, pH 등의 배양조건이 염료 탈색율에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 3%(w/v)의 sucrore, 0.05%(w/v)의 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$를 첨가한 배지에서 pH 6.5의 조건에서 탈색능이 우수하였다. 혐기적 조건에서는 호기적 조건 대비 27% 수준의 탈색 효율을 보였으며, 진탕배양에서의 탈색율이 정치배양 대비 2배이상 높아 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L은 호기적 조건에서 탈색능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 초기 Remazol Black B 농도 50 ppm에 대한 회분식 처리시 약 95% 이상의 탈색율을 보여 향후 azo계 염료 처리용 생물공정에 백색부후균인 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1978

고구마 보유품종 및 계통들에 대한 흑반병의 저항성을 검정하여 육성모본으로 훈용하고자 병원균을 배양 접종하여 실내검정(1977연)과 고구마 묘에 접종 포장검정(1976∼'77연)을 실시한 결과 1. 실내검정 및 포장검정에서 흑반병 저항성의 품종간 차리는 현저하였으나 포장검정결과는 실내검정 결과에 비하여 연차간의 변이가 크게 나타났다. 2. 실내접종 검정에 공시한 165품종 및 계통중 수원3003, 수원3005등 15계통이 특히 강한 것으로 나타났으며 3. 포장검정에서는 161품종 및 계통중 천미, 유심 등 54계통이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 실내 및 포장검정 양측에 모두 강한 품종 및 계통들은 수원59호. 수원8001. 수원90호, 농림17호, 농림2003, 70일조, 사천종3006, Hamkao, Kandee등이였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권1호통권80호
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• pp.6-9
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• 1997

1993년 5월, 국내 여주지역의 비닐하우스포장에서 가지점뿌리썩음병이 처음 발견되었다. 이 병의 병원 진균은 형태적 및 배양적 특성에 의해 Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Mushes로 동정되었다. 이 균의 균주들을 사용하여 병원성검정을 실시한 결과, 병원성이 확인되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2016

Black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, is commonly used as a source of jam and jelly in Korea and worldwide. A fungal isolate EML-CCB6 was isolated from the decaying fruit of black chokeberry. Based on the morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Fusarium tricinctum (Corda) Sacc. This is the first report of post-harvest fruit rot of black chokeberry caused by F. tricinctum in Korea.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Soybean sprouts have been a considered a nutrient-rich vegetable for hundreds of years. To evaluate the seedlot quality of soybean sprouts grown, and to evaluate a method for reducing the presence of improper seeds in soybean seedlots, microbes associated with soybean sprout rot were isolated from samples collected. Morphological characteristics and gas chromatography profiles of the cultured fungal and bacterial strains were identified. Eight types of improper seeds were identified: purple stain(Ps), black rot(Br), seed coat black spot(Cb), wrinkled seed(Ws), brown hilum(Bh), seed coat fracture(Cf), unripe seed(Us), and brown seed coat(Bc). The improper seeds were also dipped into 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl solutions, as well as a saturated solution of NaCl, for 1min. As the NaCl concentration increased, the number of floating improper seeds increased as well. The highest floating rates were observed for the Cf seeds.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

Sclerotinia white rot disease was observed on 5 and 6-year-old ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots in Hongchun, Cheorwon, and Yanggu, Gangwon Province, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Symptoms included a brownish watery soft rot of the roots, and black sclerotia were often found on the rotten roots. The causal agent of the disease was identified as Sclerotinia nivalis based on cultural characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene with 100% sequence similarity. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 2-year-old ginseng roots with mycelium plugs without wounds. A watery soft rot of the roots and black sclerotia were observed 10 days after inoculation. These symptoms were identical to those observed on naturally infected roots. The same fungus was re-isolated from the lesions induced by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of sclerotinia white rot caused by S. nivalis on P. ginseng in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2023

Fungal isolates from infected Chinese quince trees were found to cause black rot in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea. The quince leaves withered and turned reddish-brown and fruits underwent black mummification. To elucidate the cause of these symptoms, the pathogen was isolated from infected leaf and fruit tissues on potato dextrose agar and Levan media. Several fungal colonies forming a fluffy white or dark gray mycelium and two types of fungi forming an aerial white mycelium, growing widely at the edges, were isolated. Microscopic observations, investigation of fungal growth characteristics on various media, and molecular identification using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes were performed. The fungal pathogens were identified as Diplodia parva and Diplodia crataegicola. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogen-inoculated fruits exhibited a layered pattern, turning brown rotting; leaves showed circular brown necrotic lesions. The developed symptoms were similar to those observed in the field. Fungal pathogens were reisolated to fulfill Koch's postulates. Apples were inoculated with fungal pathogens to investigate the host range. Strong pathogenicity was evident in the fruits, with browning and rotting symptoms 3 days after inoculation. To determine pathogen control, a fungicidal sensitivity test was conducted using four registered fungicides. Thiophanate-methyl, propineb, and tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and identification of the fungal pathogens D. parva and D. crataegicola from infected fruits and leaves of Chinese quince, causing black rot disease in Korea.