• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.826-839
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• 2021

A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with two concentrations (0% and 0.3%) of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit by-product (RCFB) on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi (LL) porcine muscle from Berkshire finishing pigs meat. Results revealed that regardless of the sex, diets supplemented with 0.3% RCFB reduced (p<0.05) the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) expressed as malonaldehyde (MDA) content effectively. A higher antioxidant capacity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity] was found (p<0.05) in response to feeding supplemented with 0.3% RCBF for male or female pigs. Moreover, 0.3% RCFB dietary feed increased (p<0.05) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities (GPX1) in blood plasma for male or female pigs. However, no influences were observed (p>0.05) on meat color, WHC, shear force, and fatty acid contents while fed diet supplemented with 0% or 0.3% RCFB for male or female pigs. Overall, this study suggests that a diet supplemented with 0.3% RCFB may beneficially affect owing to better oxidative stability, higher antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity (blood plasma) in pigs which could be a promising natural antioxidant without affecting meat quality traits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1105-1113
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• 2015

Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus) is a Korean fruit and wild black raspberry that has antioxidant, anticancer, and beauty effects due to its abundant polyphenols and anthocyanins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood flow improvement effect of Bokbunja seed oil (BSO) in a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. We examined improvement of blood flow and its related biomarkers in vivo. Mice were divided into four groups; Control, high fat diet control (negative control, HFD), salmon oil control (positive control, HFD+commercial n-3 fatty acid), and BSO experiment groups (HFD+2 g/2,000 kcal, HFD+4 g/2,000 kcal). After the mice were sacrificed, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and blood flow-related biomarkers (coagulation factor 7, 12, serotonin, TXB2, PT, and aPTT) were measured in mouse blood and organs. BSO reduced blood viscosity through improvement of blood lipids (cholesterol and plasma triglycerides) as well as levels of blood coagulation factors and blood platelet activity. BSO also delayed blood coagulation time. Thus, we confirmed that BSO inhibits excessive blood clotting of blood vessels and improves blood flow. Taken together, these results suggest that BSO decreases plasma triglycerides and cholesterol and improves blood flow by regulating biomarkers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2014

This study compared the antioxidant effects of two kinds of black raspberry extract, obtained from fruits of Rubus coreanus and Rubus occidentalis, which can be found in Korea. The fruits of R. coreanus and R. occidentalis were each extracted with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol (EtOH). Among the extracts of these two varieties, 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest contents of total polyphenols ($46.96{\pm}2.78mg/g$) and flavonoid compounds ($11.77{\pm}0.81mg/g$). The 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest antioxidant activity ($84.77{\pm}0.97%$) in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the contrary, 25% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the best antioxidant activity ($29.65{\pm}2.41%$) in terms of ABTS radical scavenging activity. In the results of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest antioxidant activity ($0.49{\pm}0.02%$). In the cytotoxicity test stimulated with $H_2O_2$, the extracts of 75% and 100% EtOH from R. occidentalis showed the highest cell viability ($93.54{\pm}3.37%$ and $97.19{\pm}0.74%$, respectively). According to our results, extracts of R. occidentalis showed higher antioxidant activities than extracts of R. coreanus. Especially, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of R. occidentalis showed the highest significant correlation with FRAP by Pearson's correlation (P=0.005 and P=0.013, respectively).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2011

Economic injury levels (EILs) and economic control threshold (ET) were estimated for the Tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida(Acari, Tetranychidae) in Rubus coreanus Miquel. T. kanzawai density increased until the early-July and thereafter decreased in all plots except the non-innoculation plot where initial density of the mite were different each 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 adults per plant branch on May 7 in 2008. And the occurrence of the densities were increased higher innoculated density than different innoculation density. The yield was decreased with increasing initial mite density and thereby the rates of yield loss was increased with increasing initial mite density. And T. kanzawai occurrence density, yields and the rates of yield loss, where initial density of the mite were different each 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 adults per plant branch on May 8 in 2009 were similar tendency to 2008 year results. The relationship between initial T. kanzawai densities and the yield losses was well described by a linear regression, Y = 0.6545X + 3.0425 ($R^2$ = 0.93) in 2008, Y = 0.9031X + 2.0899($R^2$ = 0.96) in 2009. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per plant branch(EILs) which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 3.0 in 2008 and 3.2 in 2009. And the ET was estimated to be approximately 2.4 in 2008 and 2.6 in 2009. The relationship between initial T. kanzawai densities and occurrence density of mid-May considering the best spray timing against T. kanzawai was well described by a linear regression, Y = 0.471X + 2.495($R^2$ = 0.95) in 2008, Y = 0.9938X + 3.1858($R^2$ = 0.96) in 2009. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per leaf(ET) in mid-May which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 3.6 in 2008 and 5.8 in 2009.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.840-846
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• 2015

We investigated blueberry wine made using traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-5) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin which is widely used in wine manufacturing, and measured its fermentative characteristics and antioxidant activity. S. cerevisiae M-5 is a traditional yeast isolated from domestically grown Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis). Both S. cerevisiae M-5 and Fermivin were inoculated into blueberry juice (BBJ) up to $1{\times}10^9CFU/kg$, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 39 days. Final fermentation products of blueberry fermented with S. cerevisiae M-5 (BBM) presented 13.10% alcohol, $8.42^{\circ}Bx$ of sugar, and 1.183% acidity, and final fermentation products of blueberry fermented with Fermivin (BBF) presented 14.20% alcohol, $8.2^{\circ}Bx$ of sugar, and 1.153% acidity. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds of BBM were higher than those of BBF and BBJ. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power of BBM were higher than those of BBF. The sensory evaluation revealed that BBM showed excellent flavor, taste, and overall acceptability compared with BBF. Based on these results, the possibility of industrial utilization of S. cerevisiae M-5 as traditional yeast was confirmed by sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity. Fermentation rate of S. cerevisiae M-5 was similar to Fermivin, which is used in the food industry.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2019

In this study, we analyzed Korean dietary habits with food intake data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and we proposed a set of management guidelines for future Korean dietary habits. A total of 839 food items (1,419 foods) were analyzed according to the food catagories in "Food Code", which is the representative food classification system in Korea. The average total daily food intake was 1,585.77 g/day, with raw and processed foods accounting for 858.96 g/day and 726.81 g/day, respectively. Cereal grains contributed to the highest proportion of the food intake. Over 90% of subjects consumed cereal grains (99.09%) and root and tuber vegetables (95.80%) among the top 15 consumed food groups. According to the analysis by item, rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, apple, radish, egg, chili pepper, onion, wheat, soybean curds, potato, cucumber and pork were major (at least 1% of the average daily intake, 158.6 g/day) and frequently (eaten by more than 25% of subjects, 5,168 persons) consumed food items, and Korean spices were at the top of this list. In the case of kimchi, the proportion of intake of Korean cabbage kimchi (64.89 g/day) was the highest. In the case of alcoholic beverages, intake was highest by order of beer (63.53 g/day), soju (39.11 g/day) and makgeolli (19.70 g/day), and intake frequency was high in order of soju (11.3%), beer (7.2%), and sake (6.6%). Analysis results by seasonal intake trends showed that cereal grains have steadily decreased and beverages have slightly risen. In the case of alcoholic beverage consumption frequency, some kinds of makgeolli, wine, sake, and black raspberry wine have decreased gradually year by year. The consumption trend for kimchi has been gradually decreasing as well.