• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is that to study of musical performer's purchasing behavior, satisfaction and design preference, and to give the information for better performance costume market based on that result. The target for the survey is limited only for above 4th grade female students and have experienced more than three times of performances. Total 364 questionnaires are used for this research. The SPSS was used for the analysis. The results were, first, in the survey of place of purchasing, specialty shop for musical performance shop was the most. The most group for the budget that they spent was under 100,000 Won. Rational price for costume would be 150,000-300,000 Won. Most people purchase costume before 2 weeks and compare 3-4 stores mostly. There were not many complaints about being comfort for costume itself. The preference for costume was different depends on not only scale of performance but also whether solo, duet or trio or more. Also harmony with other person costume was most consideration factor when they perform duet or more. For the choice of shop factor following were considered the most important; various selections, kindness of sales persons and possibility for trying various costumes. However, locations of shop or delivery service were not important relatively. For the choice of costume factor, design color, comfort and functionality were considered the most important but price, quality and decoration were not. For 'the satisfaction after purchase costume' factor, people's opinions, best appearance on the stage and meeting image with themselves were considered the most important. Second, on the subject for 'design preference of costume based on type of performance', people chose different color of dress depends on what types of performance. In case of solo, they prefer vivid primary color; in case of trio or more, they prefer black; in case of duet, they prefer pastel tone. As for preference of sleeve design, all of them prefer non-sleeve type.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

Objective: The length of anterior-posterior commissure (AC-PC) in racial groups, age, gender of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and pallidotomy were investigated. Methods: From January 1996 to December 2003, 211 patients were treated with DBS and pallidotomy. There were 160 (76%) Caucasians, 35 (17%) Hispanics, 12 (5%) Asians and 4 Blacks (2%). There were 88 males and 52 females in DBS-surgery group and 44 males, 27 females in pallidotomy group. Mean age was 58 year-old. There were 19 males and 19 females and mean age was 54.7 years in the control group. Measurements were made on MRI and @Target software. Results: The average AC-PC distance was 24.89 mm (range 32 to 19), which increased with aging until 75 years old in Caucasian and also increased with aging in Hispanic, but the AC-PC distance peaked at 45 years old in Hispanic. The order of AC-PC distance were $24.6{\pm}2$ mm in Caucasian, $24.6{\pm}2.24$ mm in Asian, 24.53 mm in Black, $23.6{\pm}1.98$ mm in Hispanic. The average AC-PC distance in all groups was 24.22 mm in female who was mean age of 56.35, 25.28 mm in male who was mean age of 60.19 and $24.5{\pm}2$ mm in control group that was excluded because of the difference of thickness of slice. According to multiple regression analysis, the AC-PC distance was significantly correlated with age, race, and gender. Conclusion: The AC-PC distance is significantly correlated with age, gender, and race. The atlas of functional stereotaxis would be depended on the Variation of indivisual brain that can influenced by aging, gender, and race.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2016

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is becoming an issue that needs immediate attention in the United States, especially during this period as more states are adopting the "stand your ground laws to promote worker protection." This study was conducted to investigate how WPV has contributed to an unsafe environment for nurses and nursing assistants who work in long-term medical care facilities. Methods: A structure questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Three facilities were sampled and 80 nurses and certified nursing assistants participated in the study. Ninety-two percent (n = 74) were female and 8% (n = 6) were male. Approximately 62% were black or African American, approximately 33% were Caucasians, and only 2% were from other ethnicities. Results: We found that 65% of the participants had experienced WPV while 41% believed that management shows little or no concern for their safety. Approximately 23% of respondents believed that reporting supervisor's WPV act is an unsafe action. In addition, 22% of those who reported that they have experienced WPV believed that the work environment is not safe to perform their duties. This significant difference in perception of workplace safety between those who had experienced WPV and those who had not was significant (t = 3.95, df = 158, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: WPV is an epidemic problem that affects all health-care professionals. The findings of this study could help long-term medical care facilities' management identify the areas to focus on mitigating, controlling, and/or eliminating incidents of WPV.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.522-532
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• 2018

As the vector-borne diseases rapidly increased due to climate change, we investigated the incidence of flavivirus occurrence among female mosquito species in urban and rural study sites in Daegu and Gunwi, South Korea using Realtime PCR. We collected more individuals and more species of mosquito in 2016 than in 2015. In 2015, we recorded a total of 22,033 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 224.8) representing 10 species from 5 genera, whereas in 2016, a total of 27,137 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 278.7) representing 13 species from 6 genera were collected. The number of mosquitoes in 2016 was higher in all study sites, except in the migratory bird habitats where the number decreased. Of the 14 species collected over the two years, Aedes vexans nipponii and Anopheles spp. were dominant in the cowsheds in rural farmland; Culex pipiens complex, in urban residential areas; and, Anopheles spp. and Cu. pipiens complex in migratory bird habitats caught in a black light trap. Cu. pipiens complex and Ae. albopictus in urban parks and Ae. albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus in migratory bird habitats were the dominant species caught in BG-sentinel traps. We found that the number of mosquitoes was highest during July-September. We analyzed 1,725 pools to detect flavivirus, where Chaoyang virus was detected among Ae. vexans niponii collected from cowsheds in rural farmland in 2016. The increased number of mosquitoes recorded in 2016 was mainly due to increased temperatures in the study areas, and reflected the change in study sites.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be major source of human infection. The aim of this survey was to investigate seroprevalence of C. burnetii in ruminants in Gwangju area. A total of 1,000 samples (serum and lactoserum) were collected from 987 Korean native cattle, 5 Korean native goats, 2 beef cattle, 6 bulk-tank milk from each dairy farm in Gwangju area from January to October 2020 and analyzed by ELISA. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk from each dairy farms was 50.0%. Korean black goat and beef cattle had negative antibody test results for C. burnetii. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle in Gwangju area was 7.1% and was higher in female (7.8%) than in male (3.4%) (P=0.024). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle appeared to increase with age (3.8% in 1 year-old, 7.1% in 3 year-old, and 10.7% in more than 5 year-old) (P<0.001). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii of Korean native cattle increased in spring and May was the highest in particular (P<0.001). As the distribution and density of tick-habitat are expected to increase due to climate crisis, this survey highlights the need for monitoring C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, including surveillance of C. burnetii infection in people working for livestock industry.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2023

A 10-year-old spayed female beagle dog presented with a 2-month history of third-eyelid elevation in the left eye (OS). Ophthalmic examination revealed slightly diminished corneal and palpebral reflexes along with exophthalmos in the OS. Schirmer's tear test and intraocular pressure values were within the normal range for the OS. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed protrusion of the third eyelid and corneal opacity in the OS. Fundoscopy revealed a prominent black mass in the OS covering the optic nerve. Tapetal hyper-reflectivity was also observed around the mass. Ocular ultrasonography showed a 0.74 × 0.67 cm echogenic posterior segment mass around the optic nerve protruding into the retrobulbar space. Computed tomography revealed a contrast-enhanced soft tissue lesion in the posteromedial aspect of the left eyeball protruding into the retrobulbar region, and the optic nerve was suspected to be involved. No evidence of osteolytic changes in the adjacent bone or distant metastasis was observed. Enucleation was performed to prevent potential metastasis or local invasion of the mass and to relieve discomfort due to exposure to keratopathy resulting from lagophthalmos. Histopathological examination revealed a central choroidal melanocytoma extending into the optic nerve. No local recurrence was detected until 16 months postoperatively.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.813-838
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• 2011

Toni Morrison's ninth novel A Mercy delves into the colonial American history of the seventeenth century when Europeans began to migrate to the New World and when the first slaves were brought to Virginia. Morrison presents a diverse group of people such as white Europeans, an American Indian, a free black man, indentured servants, and slaves from Africa in order to explore the subjects of ownership, freedom and racism. She emphasizes the fact that most of the Europeans who came to America in the early seventeenth century were the people who were thrown out from the society such as felons, prostitutes, servants and children. By portraying how these castaways tried to settle in a new environment surrounded by unknown dangers and challenges, Morrison demystifies and reconstructs the myth of the birth of America as a nation state. In continuation of Morrison's writings about love and the betrayal of love, her novel A Mercy explores the subjects of trauma, memory and subjectivity by choosing the topic of motherly love and its betrayal which she dealt with poignantly in Beloved. The female protagonist, Florens, is given away by her mother in partial payment of debt incurred by the owner of Florens's mother. The traumatic memory of Florens's separation from her mother shapes Florence's character. She has to revisit the site of the original traumatic experiences of being given up by her mother in order to reconstruct her fragmented memory and past. The recurring dream of the traumatic incident that takes hold of Florens can be explained by the trauma theory of Freud, Cathy Caruth, Suzette Henke, and Judith Herman. The paper explores the self journey of Florens in which she faces the traumatic past and comprehends its meaning which enables her to construct her subjectivity by understanding the true meaning of being free and of owning oneself. In particular, it demonstrates how the process of writing a confession, a story about one's history, enables one to reclaim the traumatic experience and to locate it in the narrative memory.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1477-1485
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• 2013

본 연구는 10일간 냉장 저장 중 재래흑돼지 등심과 후지육의 품질변화와 항산화 di-peptide인 carnosine과 anserine 함량의 변화를 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 등심과 후지육의 pH는 저장 1일에서 7일까지는 pH값이 5.43~5.61범위를 보였으나 저장 10일에는 6.15~6.17으로 증가함을 나타내었다. $L^*$값은 등심의 경우 저장기간 동안 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으나 후지육은 저장 10일에 감소하였다. 모든 저장기간 동안 등심이 후지육보다 높은 $L^*$값을 나타내었다. 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*$값은 저장 7일까지는 유의적인 변화가 없었으나 저장 10일에 유의적인 감소하였으며 후지육은 저장 7일부터 감소하였다. 등심의 경우 냉장 저장 7일부터 보수력이 유의적으로 감소함을 보였으며 후지육의 경우 저장기간에 따른 보수력의 변화가 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 흑돼지 육의 저장 초기 총균수는 등심과 후지육이 각각 4.87과 5.16 log CFU/g을 보였으며 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가함을 나타내어 저장 10일의 경우는 모두 8.0 log CFU/g을 넘어 부패의 수준으로 진행된 것으로 판단되었다. 등심과 후지육에 함유된 carnosine 함량은 각각 1.12~1.35 mg/ml, 1.17~1.30 mg/ml이었고 모두 저장 5일 이후 carnosine 함량이 유의적으로 감소함을 나타내었으며 재래흑돼지 등심과 후지육의 carnosine 함량은 저장 3일까지 유지되었고, anserine 함량의 경우는 등심은 저장 3일, 후지육의 경우는 저장 5일까지 초기 농도가 유지됨을 나타내었다. Carnosine과 anserine의 비율은 저장 기간이 증가하면서 등심과 후지육 모두 증가하였으며 carnosine의 경우 특히 저장 5일째, anserine은 저장 7일 이후 급격한 증가를 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 후지육에서 저장 1일차에는 58.44%를 보였으나 저장 10일차에는 24.08%로 크게 감소함을 보였다(p<0.05). 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 TBARS와 VBN값은 유의적으로 증가하였으며 VBN은 저장 7일 이후 모두 20 mg%를 초과하였다. 본 연구결과 항산화성 di-peptide인 carnosine과 anserine은 재래흑돼지 저장기간 동안 감소하였으며 특히 anserine은 carnosine보다 신속하게 감소하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2019

이 연구는 지리산에 서식하는 반달가슴곰의 동면일과 동면기간 동안의 기온과의 관계를 밝히기 위해 조사되었다. 조사 결과, 동면 시작일은 평균 12월 7일이었으며, 동면 해제일은 4월 20일로 나타났으며, 출산한 암컷의 동면일은 $167.8{\pm}22.6$일이었다. 동면 5일 전의 기온은 $0.6{\pm}4.1^{\circ}C$였고, 동면 기간 동안 기온은 $1.3{\pm}2.6^{\circ}C$, 동면 해제 5일 전의 기온은 $12.6{\pm}3.1^{\circ}C$이 있다. 수컷과 출산을 하지 않은 암컷의 동면일은 각각 $113.6{\pm}25.8$일, $120.4{\pm}25.7$일이었으며, 이들 그룹의 동면 5일 전의 평균 기온은 각각 $-1.8{\pm}3.9^{\circ}C$, $2.1{\pm}4.2^{\circ}C$, 동면기간의 기온은 $-0.4{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$, $-0.2{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$, 동면 해제 5일전의 기온은 $7.8{\pm}4.4^{\circ}C$, $7.8{\pm}3.6^{\circ}C$였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 새끼를 출산한 암컷은 출산을 하지 않은 암컷과 수컷에 비해 동면 일수와 기온은 높은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 동면기간 새끼를 양육하는 과정에서 발생한 것이라 판단된다. 생애주기별 그룹에 대한 동면일수와 평균기온은 각 그룹간의 평균적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통해 지리산에 서식하는 반달가슴곰의 구체적인 동면시기와 동면기간의 기온에 대해서 파악할 수 있었으며, 기온에 따른 성별, 출산한 암컷, 생애주기 그룹간의 어떠한 차이가 있는지 등 동면기 고유 행동특성이 밝혀졌다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 국제적 멸종위기종인 반달가슴곰의 겨울과 봄 시기에 인간과의 충돌방지와 보전 관리계획 수립 시 널리 활용될 것이다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

이 글은 한국영화 가운데 색채를 의도적이거나 관습적으로 활용한 사례들을 분석하였다. 장르영화 대부분이 관례적 활용 빈도가 높으며, 색채를 의도적으로 부각시킨 미학적 선택 또한 예술영화에 한정되지 않고 다양한 양식으로 나타난다. 영화색채의 시각적 인상만큼이나 그것의 분석과 해석은 주관적일 수 있다. 보기의 객관성을 위해 색채에 관한 오랜 문화적 관점을 채택하고, 유사성과 차이에 따라 발생하는 의미를 제시하고자 하였다. 영화색채 하양의 활용 양상의 분류는 보편적이고 일반적인 절대선, 특수한 사례로서의 강박과 치유, 성의 구분 없이 여성성의 특성을 보여주는 전형과 시각적 쾌락, 미학적 용어인 프레임의 경계를 넘어서는 유령적 사유라는 범주에서 접근하였다. 특정한 장르, 작가, 영화를 세밀하게 분석하는 미시적 방법보다는 하양을 시각장치로 활용하는 영화들의 유형별 특성을 분류해보고, 색채 활용의 미학적이고 문화적인 의미를 고찰하였다. 첫째, <악인전>(2019), <범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜 놈들 전성시대>(2011), <불한당: 나쁜 놈들의 세상>(2016), <아수라>(2016), <나쁜 녀석들>(2019) 같은 영화들에서 하양이 절대선을 표현하는 시각의 전형으로 기능한다. 둘째, <기생충>(2019)의 공포와 불안, <곡성>(2016)의 악몽, <슈퍼맨이었던 사나이>(2008)의 과대망상, <기억의 밤>(2017)의 신경쇠약, <마더>(2009)의 광기, <윤희에게>(2019)의 강박, <밀양>(2007)의 히스테리 등이 가학과 피학을 시각적으로 강조하는 사례들이다. 셋째, <태극기 휘날리며>(2004), <포화 속으로>(2010), <마이웨이>(2011>, <고지전>(2011), <명량>(2014), <연평해전>(2015), <봉오동전투>(2019), <장사리: 잊혀진 영웅들>(2019) 등에서 여성 인물에 부여되는 하양이 전통적인 이미지를 고착시킨다. 넷째, 사회정치적 변화를 반영하는 <박하사탕>(2000), <변호인>(2013), <택시운전사>(2017), <1987>(2017) 등에서 하양이 역사의 순간을 기억하고 기록한다.