• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.615-624
• /
• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.211-224
• /
• 2022

Objects : Recent taste theory has been advanced to the receptor and cell of taste. We tried to apply the taste theory to the Kimi theory (氣味論) of 『ShinNongBonChoKyung (神農本草經)』 for the purpose of resonance between the Kimi theory and the taste theory. Methods : The special issues in Current Opinion in Physiology of the year 2021 gave us much information. Based on it, we have searched for more papers using google scholars with the key words; taste, taste receptor, sweet, umami, bitter, salty, sour. Then, we analyzed and compared the Kimi theory of 『ShinNong BonChoKyung)』 with the research papers of physiological taste. Results : Three classification of the herbs in 『ShinNongBonChoKyung』 is very reasonable based on the Taste theory. There is umami and no spicy in the taste theory, and Sweet includes umami in the Kimi theory. Taste is such a complex and connective sensory reaction of the brain and body of human being. There are much more results to couple the Kimi with the taste theory. Conclusions : The pharmacological property of Kimi theory of 『ShinNongBonCho Kyung』 will help the taste theory much more develop and expand. In addition to qi(氣), the Kimi theory will also find a way to be in harmony with modern pharmacology in the respective of taste(味) with the help of taste theory.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2022

Chestnut honey is a sweet dark-colored honey with a distinct bitter aftertaste. It contains numerous phenolic compounds and alkaloids and is noted for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it has been established that there are differences in the composition and activity of chestnut honey constituents depending on the region of origin, the sources of which warrant further research. In this study, we analyzed the kynurenic acid (KA) contents in chestnut honey produced in nine different regions in Korea, using high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with ultraviolet detection, and validated the analytical method developed. Use of a reverse-phase column and detection at a wavelength of 240 nm were found to be optimal for the detection of KA. Similar evaluation of an optimal method for extracting KA from chestnut honey revealed that extraction using 10% EtOH at 20 times the sample volume over a 6 h period was the most suitable for obtaining a high content of KA. Among the nine regional chestnut honeys assessed, KA content was found to be highest in the "Gongju" sample (1.14 mg/g), followed by that in the "Cheongdo" and "Damyang" samples. Validation of the KA analytical method revealed a good analyte linearity, with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9995, an accuracy of between 92.37% and 107.35%, and good precision (RSD ≤ 1.05%). Our findings in this study, based on a validated quantitative analytical method for KA, could make an important contribution to establishing a data profiling procedure for characterizing chestnut honeys produced in different regions, and may also provide basic data for the identification of functional honey.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.33-49
• /
• 2022

Objectives : This paper aims to investigate the role of the sweet flavor within the contexts of 'pungent and sweet becoming Yang' and 'sour and sweet becoming Yin' and the meaning of the two concepts. Methods : Related contents in databases including the Siqu Quanshu were searched with 'pungent and sweet becoming Yang' and 'sour and sweet becoming Yin', whose understanding and application were examined. Results & Conclusions : The theories of 'pungent and sweet becoming Yang' and 'sour and sweet becoming Yin' originate from Cheng Wuji's comparison of the Gancaoqianjiangtang and Shaoyaogancaotang in the 29th verse of the Shanghanlun. The two terms first appeared in the Qing period among the Wenbing school. In other medical texts, the combination with sweet flavors could be found with salty, bitter and bland flavors other than with pungent and sour. The role of the sweet flavor in 'pungent and sweet becoming Yang' and 'sour and sweet becoming Yin' is to accomplish the dispersing and converging action slowly and effectively, by supplying energy in small amounts preventing it from happening too quickly, corresponding to its Earth nature of the Five Elements which harmonizes the Yin and Yang. While 'becoming Yin' and 'becoming Yang' could be understood as tonifying Yin and Yang, it could also be understood as 'doing Yin' and 'doing Yang', The specific actions differ according to herb and mixture. The point of distinction between the aforementioned tonification and that of medicinals that have Yin and Yang tonifying properties is that due to the other flavor that is matched with the sweet flavor, Qi is given motility which allows for tonification without stagnation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2023

Objective : Gardeniae Fructus (GF) is the ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellisa with a bitter taste and cold properties. Ingredient compounds including geniposide are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GF on tBHP-induced PC12 cells. Methods : Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression level of each protein was monitored by Western blot analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using DCFH-DA. Results : In PC12 cells, tBHP induced cell death through apoptosis with caspase activation and PARP inactivation. Cells treated with tBHP showed an increase in intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH. Pretreatment with GF prevented tBHP-induced apoptosis, reduced ROS, and increased GSH. GF also maintained increased Nrf2 expression in the presence of tBHP. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK was increased by tBHP, whereas phosphorylation of ERK was decreased. GF restored changes in ERK and p38 phosphorylation, but not JNK phosphorylation. Conclusion : These results indicate that GF has neuroprotective effects through anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects mediated by regulation of Nrf2 expression and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. It also demonstrates the potential use of GF as a source of antioxidant and neuroprotective substances.

• 이베로아메리카
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.53-81
• /
• 2019

일반적으로 콜롬비아의 이미지는 위험한 국가이며, 게릴라와 전쟁 중이고, 최대의 마약 생산국 중의 하나라는 것이다. 이 글의 분석 대상인 펠리페베르가라(Felipe Vergara)의 극 작품 『킬렐레Kilele』의 중심을 이루는 보하야(Bojayá) 학살은 부조리함과 규모 측면에서 2000년대 들어 콜롬비아에서 일어난 가장 충격적인 사건이었다. 이 작품은 보하야 지방의 쓰라리고 악몽 같은 과거의 사건을 다루는데 그치지 않고, 생존자들이 죽음의 덮개를 찢고서 연옥에서 괴로워하는 영혼들과 소통하면서, 분열의 재통합을 향해 나아간다. 이것은 연옥의 여러 공간을 떠돌아다니는 죽은 사람들에게 마땅한 장례식을 치러주는 것으로 이루어진다. 이 글은 『킬렐레』에 나타나는 서사시 구조와 아프리카의 영혼성과 관련된 제의의식을 비롯해 창작과정과 이 작품의 파편적 구조를 분석하면서, 학살이라는 외상에서 어떻게 회복되는 데 도움이 되었는가를 살펴본다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.552-560
• /
• 2009

Bamboo leaf powder was added to Chiffon cake to increase its neutraceutical effects and storage periods. Specifically, 0, 7, 10 and 13% leaf powder was added to the cakes. The content of total dietary fiber in the bamboo leaf powder was 65.57%. The moisture content did not differ significantly among groups. The cake containing 10% bamboo leaf powder had the greatest volume, whereas the control group (0% bamboo leaf powder) had the lowest volume (p<0.05). The Hunter's L and a values decreased significantly as the amount of bamboo leaf powder increased. The b value of the control was lowest among the groups (p<0.05). Evaluation of the consumer acceptance of flavor revealed that the cakes containing the added bamboo leaf had greater consumer acceptance than the control. However, when the color was evaluated, the 13% group showed the lowest acceptance (p<0.05). Other factors such as texture, taste and overall acceptance did not differ significantly among groups. Additionally, the elasticity did not differ among groups, while the air cells were most uniform in the control. The strength of bamboo leaf aroma, bitter taste and aftertaste increased as the amount of bamboo leaf powder added increased. Cakes containing 10% and 13% added powder had the greatest moisture content, while the control had the lowest content (p<0.05). As in previous studies, the results of this study indicated that 10% bamboo leaf powder was the optimal level for the preparation of Chiffon cake. To evaluate the storage of cakes, the 10% group and the control were inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae and then incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. The microbial colony counts in the control group were dramatically increased after 48 hrs; however, the fungal concentration of the 10% group did not increase for 4 days. In conclusion, the addition of 10% bamboo leaf powder to Chiffon cake increased the storage time while maintaining adequate consumer acceptance.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.341-354
• /
• 2019

Urban agriculture, which promotes communication in vulnerable classes and the formation of social networks has been gaining attention with an emphasis on healthy city, elderly-friendly city, safe city and happy city as future keywords about urban life. There is a growing interest in public awareness in many areas such as health, society, economy, and ecology. As an attempt to improve the diversity of urban gardens, this study begins with collecting suitable crops for urban gardens from "Imwongyeongjeji (林園經濟志)," an encyclopedia written by Yoo-Ku Seo, a scholar in the 18-19th century. Out of those recorded in "Gwanhyuji (灌畦志)," 128 kinds of crops with linkage of the historical achievements of the realists who gave their priority to public welfare were selected and 53 crops which had traditionality, historicality, health functionality and popularity were finally selected. The properties (cold, warm, clam) of the selected crops were evenly distributed, and there was no crop that was hot and cool. In addition, the number of crops that have a sweet taste was the highest, followed by spicy and bitter, but there was no salty vegetable, which can be attributed to the fact that 12 namuls (wild vegetables) that grow in seas were excluded in this study since they were not suitable for urban gardens. Urban gardens can be transformed from those that focus on primary production and secondary consumption activities into a new resource that offers educational and traditional values by applying humanities to urban agriculture as a content resource in the era of cultural consilience and convergence. It is expected to satisfy urban residents' intellectual and participatory needs and to enhance the diversity and utility of urban gardens by applying traditional knowledge to a new model of urban agriculture. We hope that further research will be conducted to develop new types and models of urban agriculture going forward.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.18-18
• /
• 2021

Gomchwi using stuffed leaves is many cultivated for 'Gondalbi(Ligularia stenocephala)' among Gomchwi species. 'Gondalbi' species like to be cultivation on farm because of low the incense and the bitter taste, and high yield. But 'Gondalbi' caused to curtail yield that susceptibility of powdery mildew disease and shriveling and death of plant on summer season. To solve this problems, we crossed a Gomchwi and 'Handeari-gomchwi' to have resistance of powdery mildew disease and high yield. A new Gomchwi cultivar 'Jinmani' was bred by crossing between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). The selection and investigation of growth and yield characteristics were conducted from 2007 to 2020 in field and greenhouse of Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, Rural Development Administration. The color of petiole ear was purple. trichome of petiole and leaf back non-existed, and luster of leaf back existed. Density of leaf vein was 4 degree among 1-5 degree in a newly developed cultivar 'Jinmani'. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 55.7, 21.8, 22.2, and 33.9 cm, respectively in the 2nd year of growth characteristics. Plant size was similar with that of 'Gommany'. Bolting and flowering time were Aug. 5 and Sept. 5, respectively, and Bolting and flowering time of 'Gommany' showed similar to Aug. 8 and Sept. 1, respectively. 'Jinmani' showed higher number of leaves (202 ea.) per plant compared to 'Gommany' (159 ea.). Furthermore, yield was 67.9% higher in 'Jinmani' (2,569 g/plant) than in 'Gommany' (1,530 g/plant). 'Jinmani' showed lower leaf thickness (0.66mm) than 'Gommany' (0.69 mm), and consequently showed more hardness in leaf characteristics (25.1 kg/²) compared to 'Gommany' (24.3kg/cm²). 'Jinmani' showed similar strong resistance compared to 'Gommany' in the susceptibility of powdery mildew disease.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.73-73
• /
• 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Family Asteraceae) is highly ranked in production and economic value and is consumed either fresh or in salad mixes because of its important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals. The world collection of Lactuca spp. leafy crops, maintained in NAC, includes 2,464 accessions from 71 countries around the world, of which 2,411 belong to L. sativa species, nineteen to L. saligna, and fifteen to L. serriolar. We aimed to investigate the lettuce germplasm with morphological and biochemical analyses and provide new material for breeding. The lettuce crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically. Agricultural characteristcs were investigated including time to bolting, time to flowering, seed color, flower color, leaf attitude, leaf color, leaf anthocyanin coloration, type of incision of margin, depth of incisions of margins, and leaf venation. Screening of the health beneficial metabolites like anthocyanin and bitter sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin) was also conducted. The range of anthocyanin and SLs were 0~563.78 mg/100g D.W. and 3.74~3311.66 ug/g D.W., respectively. The investigation of the degree of variation regarding phenotypic traits and biochemical revealed adaptive stable and highly variable use of trait collection.