• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: The 'Gamhong' cultivar, middle season apple with big fruit size and high soluble solid content, has been bred in Korea. However, it was hard to cultivate the cultivar in Korea by serious bitter pit. The relationships between shoot growth, fruit size, and bitter pit may be affected by crop load. This study was conducted for 2 years (7~8 years after planting) to investigate vegetative growth, fruit quality, bitter pit incidence, return bloom, and gross income for optimum crop load of 'Gamhong'/M.9 adult apple tree. METHODS AND RESULTS: The crop load was assigned to 4 different object ranges as follow: 45~64, 65~84, 85~104, and 105~124 fruits per tree. The vegetative growth, average fruit weight, percentage of fruits heavier than 375 g, soluble solid content, and return bloom increased significantly at the crop load range of 45~64 fruits. However, the lowest total gross income per tree may have been caused by the highest bitter pit incidence and the lowest yield per tree in any other crop load range. The total gross income and yield per tree increased significantly at the crop load range of 105~124 fruits and return bloom dropped to 40%, and hence it was possible to occur biennial bearing. It was 85~104 fruits that biennial bearing did not occur and total gross income was as high as the crop load range of 105~124 fruits. Also, the yield of high grade fruits per tree, with fruit weight of 400~499 g and none bitter pit on fruit surface, was highest at the crop load range of 85~104 fruits, compared to other crop load range. CONCLUSION: In considering fruit size, bitter pit incidence, return bloom, and gross income, the optimum crop load range of 'Gamhong'/M.9 adult apple tree in high density orchard was 85~104 fruits per tree.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2007

고미의 성질을 강하게 나타내는 한약재를 대상으로 맛과 효능과의 상관관계를 실험적으로 알아보기 위한 연구를 시도하였다. 본 연구에서는 콜라겐으로 유도된 인간전혈응집을 이용하여 고미약재 20품목에 대한 혈소판응집 억제능을 측정하였다. 이 중에 3종의 열수추출물과 2종의 70% 에탄올추출물이 p<0.001 수준에서 유의하게 전혈응집 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 전혈응집 억제능이 가장 뛰어난 후보소재로 황련이 선별되었으며 관능요원에 의한 관능평가에서 쓴맛이 가장 강한 한약재로 평가되었다. 이상의 실험결과는 전통의학이론을 바탕으로 한약재의 사용에 따른 효능을 실험적 근거로 제시할 수 있고 쓴맛이 약한 한약재보다 쓴맛이 강한 한약재가 혈액순환이 원활하게 하는 가능성의 경향이 있는 것으로 기대되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2008

The use of tartary buckwheat flour as a source of dietary rutin has been limited because of the enzymatic degradation of rutin during the dough-making process, which results in a bitter taste. A variety of pretreatment regimes, including heating, steaming, boiling, and extruding, were evaluated in relation to the inactivation of the rutin-degrading enzyme responsible for rutin loss and color change during dough-making. Steaming (120 see), boiling (90 see) buckwheat grains, or extruding (180 rpm/min at $140^{\circ}C$) the flour resulted in the retention of >85% of the original rutin and eliminated the bitter taste in the hydrated flours. In contrast, dry heating at $140^{\circ}C$ for 9 min or microwaving at 2,450 MHz for 3 min did not reduce the rutin loss, and the bitter taste remained. Unlike in the flour, the rutin degradation in water-soaked grains was insignificant at room temperature. Moreover, the samples treated by steaming, boiling, or extrusion were darker and more reddish in color.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2013

This study was designed to examine the effects of bitter melon (BM) on the plasma blood glucose and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were then fed for four weeks, with the experimental groups receiving a modified diet containing 5% or 10% powder derived from BM. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups, consisting of the normal control group, STZ-control group and diabetic fed with BM 5% & 10% treated groups. The rats' body weight, blood glucose and cholesterol values were measured along with the hematocrit (Hct) values and aminotransferase activities. Body weight losses were observed in the diabetic groups, whereas the control rats gained weight. There were significant differences in kidney weight between the control group and the diabetic groups. The Hct levels of the diabetic BM-treated group were significantly higher than the STZ-control group. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was lower in the non-diabetic group compared to the diabetic experimental groups. Further, the blood glucose was significantly decreased in the 5% & 10% BM of the diabetic group. There were no significant difference in cholesterol levels among the diabetic groups. These results indicate that the supplementation of bitter melon may have a favorable influence on reducing the blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2015

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has been used as a medicinal plant due to its biological activity. This study investigated the inhibitory effects on carbohydrase and anti-inflammatory effects of hot-water extract (WEM) and ethanol extract (EEM) from dried bitter melon cultivated in Korea. The inhibitory activities of EEM against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were over 70% at 4,000 ppm. The inhibitory activities of EEM were significantly higher than those of WEM at all concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EEM did not show cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells at the test concentrations. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased by the addition of EEM. These findings suggest that EEM has good inhibitory effect on carbohydrase and anti-inflammatory activity and it has potential as a source of natural functional material.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1011-1014
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• 2008

TAS2R38 유전자의 일배체형과 미맹 간익 관계에 대한 이해는 개인에 따라 다양한 음식 선호도의 유전학적 기초와 쓴맛에 대한 민감도로 예측할 수 있는 건강과의 관계에 관한 연구에 많은 도움을 줄 것이다. 또한, TAS2R38과 같이 생체내에서 표현형에 강력한 영향을 준다고 알려진 유전자에 대한 정보는 인간의 미각에 대한 생리학, 생화학적 기능, 분자적 구조를 설명하기 위한 연구에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 앞으로 각종 인공 감미료 등의 섭취가 증가하면서 급증하고 있는 미각장애에 대한 분자유전학적인 진단과 유전자 치료의 기틀을 마련하는데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

This study evaluated th physicochemical and sensory characteristics of teriyaki sauce added with bitter melon (Momoridaica charantia L.) roasting powder. Teriyaki sauce containing Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder at concentration of 0% (control), 2% (RMT2), 4% (RMT4), 6% (RMT6), 8% (RMT8). Color of teriyaki sauce added with Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder were lower than the control. The pH of the sauce ranged from $4.31{\pm}0.01{\sim}4.87{\pm}0.01$. As the amount of added Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder was increased, total soluble solid content and viscosity of teriyaki sauce increased. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of Momoridaica charantia L. added teriyaki sauce increased. The sensory evaluation was performed with scoring test s for color, flavor, taste, bitter taste, and overall acceptability by 50 professional panelists. In sensory evaluation, teriyaki sauce added with 4% Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder concentrate high score in sensory preference. Based on the results, 4% should be recommended as the optimum level of Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder concentrate to be added for the preparation of teriyaki sauce.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-41
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• 2004

유자 착즙액에 naringiase와 탁주용 당화 효소 3% 처리 결과 naringin과 hesperidin의 함량이 61.94 mg%, 9.98 mg%에서 각각 8.43 mg%, 0.06 mg%와 6.58 mg%, 1.11 mg% 감소하였다. Hunter value를 측정한 결과 적색도/녹색도(a값)는 효소처리구 모두 대조구보다 높게 나타났고, 황색도(b값)와 명도(L값)는 탁주용 당화 효소가 가장 높았다. 복합 효소 처리후 실제 관능적으로 고미제거에 대한 효과와 선호도를 조사한 결과는 각 제조사별 복합효소를 처리한 시료구가 대조구보다 전체적으로 선호도가 높았고, naringin의 함량이 적을수록 기호도는 증가하였다. 호소의 최적 첨가량은 3% 내외가 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2015

2011년에 전북 정읍지역에 재배하는 쓴오이에서 탄저병이 발생하였다. 탄저병은 처음에 흑갈색의 작은 원형반점들이 잎과 열매에 나타났다. 감염된 잎과 열매는 작은 갈색-흑갈색 반점을 형성하고 병반이 커지거나 융합되어 큰 원형의 흑갈색 병반을 형성하였다. 탄저병 병징에서 분리한 병원균은 배양형태적 특성조사와 ITS rDNA 염기서열 분석결과 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides로 동정되었다. 분리된 C. gloeosporioides는 인공접종에 의한 병원성 검정에서도 동일한 병징을 나타내어 국내 처음으로 C. gloeosporioides에 의한 쓴오이 탄저병을 보고한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2018

본 연구는 여주의 기능성성분이 풍부한 시기를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 여주의 품종은 '드레곤'을 이용하여 재배하였고 개화 수정 후 7일, 14일, 21일, 28일에 수확하여 비타민 C, 모모루데신, K, Mg, Ca의 성분을 분석하였다. 개화 수정 후 일수에 따른 여주 과실의 비타민 C 성분은 수정 7일차에서 74.7 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고 일수가 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 항당뇨성분인 모모루데신은 개화후 7일차에 수확한 과실에서 개화 후 14일차에 수확한 과실에 비하여 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 반면 Ca 성분은 과실의 수확시기에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 여주과실의 기능성 성분의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 수확시기를 앞당겨 수확하는 것을 검토할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.