• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

Drunk driving defines a driver as unable to drive a vehicle safely due to drinking. To crack down on drunk driving, alcohol concentration evaluates through breathing and crack down on drinking using S-shaped courses. A method for assessing drunk driving without using BAC or BrAC is measurement via biosignal. Depending on the individual specificity of drinking, alcohol evaluation studies through various biosignals need to be conducted. In this study, we measure biosignals that are related to alcohol concentration, predict BrAC through SVM, and verify the effectiveness of the S-shaped course. Participants were 8 men who have a driving license. Subjects conducted a d2 test and a scenario evaluation of driving an S-shaped course when they attained BrAC's certain criteria. We utilized SVR to predict BrAC via biosignals. Statistical analysis used a one-way Anova test. Depending on the amount of drinking, there was a tendency to increase pupil size, HR, normLF, skin conductivity, body temperature, SE, and speed, while normHF tended to decrease. There was no apparent change in the respiratory rate and TN-E. The result of the D2 test tended to increase from 0.03% and decrease from 0.08%. Measured biosignals have enabled BrAC predictions using SVR models to obtain high Figs in primary and secondary cross-validations. In this study, we were able to predict BrAC through changes in biosignals and SVMs depending on alcohol concentration and verified the effectiveness of the S-shaped course drinking control method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.861-869
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• 2022

In patients with Tourette's syndrome, a tic occurs when Mu wave synchronization is broken. Conversely, when Mu wave synchronization is achieved, a tick does not occur. When the tic is suppressed, the cognitive control response process is changed, and if the neurofeedback training that adjusts the EEG frequency power is performed with the changed, the patient will be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic. The results of the research test suggest that if the tic patient does not artificially synchronize mu waves in the premotor cortex (Frontal Cortical 3 site), and if EEG control is performed autonomously like neurofeedback training, as a result, tics do not occur. Cognitive control response processes are altered when a subject is inhibited from tics. By training the altered cognitive control with neurofeedback that modulates EEG frequency power, the patient can be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic.Mu-wave synchronizationcan now be added to existing neurofeedback treatment protocols such as SMR reinforcement, theta-beta-wave imbalance correction, and alpha-wave reinforcement. This study will be used in follow-up studies and clinical trials to more scientifically verify the neurofeedback treatment protocol, a treatment for patients with Tourette's syndrome.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.905-910
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• 2022

Drowsy driving requires a lot of social attention because it increases the incidence of traffic accidents and leads to fatal accidents. The number of accidents caused by drowsy driving is increasing every year. Therefore, in order to solve this problem all over the world, research for measuring various biosignals is being conducted. Among them, this paper focuses on non-contact biosignal analysis. Various noises such as engine, tire, and body vibrations are generated in a running vehicle. To measure the driver's heart rate and respiration rate in a driving vehicle with a piezoelectric sensor, a sensor plate that can cushion vehicle vibrations was designed and noise generated from the vehicle was reduced. In addition, we developed a system for classifying whether the driver is sleeping or not by extracting the model using the CNN-LSTM ensemble learning technique based on the signal of the piezoelectric sensor. In order to learn the sleep state, the subject's biosignals were acquired every 30 seconds, and 797 pieces of data were comparatively analyzed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.211-224
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a way to alleviate motion sickness(MS) by stimulating acupoint through PEMFs, and to assess the effectiveness of PEMFs against stimulation previously used to stimulate acupoint using biosignal evaluations and surveys. Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy men participated in the experiment. MS was induced in the participants, and MS relief stimulation was applied for 30 minutes. There were 4 types of MS relief stimulation, and Sham, Reliefband, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS), and Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation(PEMFs) were used. The biosignals were measured during 30 minutes of applying MS relief stimulation, and the symptoms of MS were evaluated through a questionnaire survey. The measured biosignals are Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, Skin temperature(SKT), and Electrogastrogram(EGG). A one-way ANOVA test was performed for the rate of change by stimulation for MS relief over time. Results: Participants who were stimulated had a sharp decrease in MS symptoms. Biosignals were analyzed to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity, and the parasympathetic nervous system could be activated through stimulation. Conclusion: TENS and PEMFs were more effective in relieving MS symptoms than Reliefband. It is believed that PEMFs will be effective in consideration of the comfort of participants to be applied to actual vehicles, and studies to further verify the effects of PEMFs on MS should be conducted.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.694-706
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• 2022

This study focusses on the development of a motion-sensing smart leggings prototype with the help of a module that monitors motion using a fiber-type stretch sensor. Additionally, it acquires data on Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and body temperature signals, for the development of smart clothing used in online exercise coaching and customized healthcare systems. The research process was conducted in the following order: 1) Fabrication of a fiber-type elastic strain sensor for motion monitoring, 2) Positioning and attaching the sensor, 3) Pattern development and three-dimensional (3D) design, 4) Prototyping 5) Wearability test, and 6) Expert evaluation. The 3D design method was used to develop an aesthetic design, and for sensing accurate signal acquisition functions, wearability tests, and expert evaluation. As a result, first, the selection or manufacturing of an appropriate sensor for the function is of utmost importance. Second, the selection and attachment method of a location that can maximize the function of the sensor without interfering with any activity should be studied. Third, the signal line selection and connection method should be considered, and fourth, the aesthetic design should be reflected along with functional verification. In addition, the selection of an appropriate material is important, and tests for washability and durability must be made. This study presented a manufacturing method to improve the functionality and design of smart clothing, through the process of developing a prototype of motion-sensing smart leggings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.208-210
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• 2021

As the number of objects connected to the Internet increases rapidly, intelligent device development projects are gradually expanding that provide direct value to humans, away from simple monitoring functions, including sensors and communication functions, or delivery to servers.It is expected that the device will develop a technology that analyzes surrounding sensing information and changes the surrounding environment in consideration of users' preferences or safety. By establishing a biosignal measurement system in a developed product that can bring various effects using air, it will be possible to grasp the user's condition through a pattern of change in pressure distribution when seated. This paper proposes a construction system that enhances the comfort of using an air car seat through contact between a temperature measurement sensor and a user, and enables effective management of measured biosignals by linking them with an air pump control system.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2024

This paper introduces an emergency response system in urban air mobility scenarios. A biometric responsive smartwatch was designed to monitor passengers' real-time heart rates. When an anomaly was detected, the system would send an alert via Morse code vibration and voice notification. It was integrated with the assumed control system of the ROS environment and communicates to implement a system for generating the shortest path for emergency landing to a nearby vertical port during urban air mobility operations. System stability was verified through high-fidelity simulation environments and testing based on actual geographic locations. Our technology improved the reliability and convenience of urban air mobility, demonstrating its effectiveness through simulations and tests in real-world scenarios.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

This study aims to develop electromyography (EMG) textile electrodes and assess their performance and signal stability by examining variations in layer count and fabric types. We fabricated the electrodes through layering and pressing techniques, focusing on configurations with different layer counts (Layer-0, Layer-1, and Layer-2). Our findings indicate that layer presence significantly influences muscle activation measurements, with enhanced performance correlated with increased layer numbers. Subsequently, we created electrodes from five distinct fabrics (neoprene, spandex cushion, 100% polyester, nylon spandex, and cotton canvas), each maintaining a Layer-2 structure. In performance tests, nylon spandex fabric, particularly heavier variants, outperformed others, while the spandex cushion electrodes showed superior stability in muscle activation signal acquisition. This research elucidates the connection between electrode performance and factors like layer number and electrode-skin contact area. It suggests a novel approach to electrode design, focusing on layer properties and targeted pressure application on specific sensor areas, rather than uniformly increasing sleeve pressure.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1061-1080
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• 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology is a rapidly developing field with several prospective clinical studies demonstrating its benefits in clinical practice. In 2022, the Korean Society of Radiology held a forum to discuss the challenges and drawbacks in AI development and implementation. Various barriers hinder the successful application and widespread adoption of AI in radiology, such as limited annotated data, data privacy and security, data heterogeneity, imbalanced data, model interpretability, overfitting, and integration with clinical workflows. In this review, some of the various possible solutions to these challenges are presented and discussed; these include training with longitudinal and multimodal datasets, dense training with multitask learning and multimodal learning, self-supervised contrastive learning, various image modifications and syntheses using generative models, explainable AI, causal learning, federated learning with large data models, and digital twins.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

The purpose of this work is to suggest the optimal color temperature, which induces a sense of comfort for autonomous vehicle users through the analysis of biosignal using electroencephalography (EEG) and photoplethysmography (PPG). To achieve this purpose, we applied lighting with a color temperature of 3000 K, 4000 K, 5000 K, and 6000 K to the autonomous driving environment. We experimented in a laboratory equipped with a graphic driving simulator. The experimental procedure is as follows: 1) stabilization (5 min). 2) Uchida-Kraepelin test (3 min). 3) Automatic driving + lighting (3 min). This procedure was repeated four times under different color temperatures. We performed frequency analysis on a collected time-series data and calculated the power value for each frequency band through power spectrum analysis. In the case of EEG, we analyzed α- and β-waves, which are indicators of stability and arousal, respectively. In the case of PPG, we analyzed the sympathetic nervous system activity. To reduce deviations between the subjects, we normalized the data before analysis. The result of the first analysis revealed that α-wave increased only at 5000 K, while the β-wave increased at almost all color temperatures. In addition, in the case of PPG, sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) increased under driving conditions. The result of the second analysis revealed that the difference between β-wave and SNSA is insignificant. In conclusion, the increase in α-waves showed that EEG was most stable at 5000 K. The results of this study can be applied to the upcoming autonomous driving era to induce high driver satisfaction. Furthermore, this approach could eventually lead to the acceptance of autonomous vehicles by suggesting a positive effect of autonomous driving.