• Title/Summary/Keyword: biological reactor

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Continuous Production of Lactosucrose by Immobilized Sterigmatomyces elviae Mutant

  • Lee, Jong-Ho;Lim, Jung-Soo;Park, Chul-Hwan;Kang, Seong-Woo;Shin, Hyun-Yong;Park, Seung-Won;Kim, Seung-Wook
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.1533-1537
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    • 2007
  • In this study, in order to develop a continuous production process of lactosucrose in a packed-bed reactor, Sterigmatomyces elviae ATCC 18894 was selected and mutated. The mutant strain of S. elviae showed 54.3% higher lactosucrose production than the wild type. Reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate concentration and flow rate were also optimized. Under optimized reaction conditions ($50^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0, 25% sucrose and 25% lactose as substrate, flow rate 1.2 ml/min), the maximum concentration of lactosucrose (192 g/l) was obtained. In a packed-bed reactor, continuous production of lactosucrose was performed using S. elviae mutant immobilized in calcium alginate, and about 180 g/l of lactosucrose production was achieved for 48 days.

A Study on the Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Municipal Wastewater with Biological Coated Media (미생물 코팅 담체를 이용한 하수의 질소$\cdot$인 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Young-Gyu;Cho Il-Hyoung
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1 s.88
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal sewage depending on existence of biological coated media in BCM reactor. The reactor with biological coated media is the process combining $A_2/O$ process. The removal efficiencies for $COD_{Mn},\; BOD_5,\;SS$, T-N and T-P were $78\%,\;90.5\%,\;92.3\%,\;61.9\%,\;60.2\%$, respectively. The specific nitrification rate$(mgNO_3-N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ of Contact aeration basin was 52.2 and the specific denitrification rate$(mgNO_3N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in anoxic basin was 95.1. Also, phosphorus release$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in Anaerobic basin was 71.8 and Phosphorus uptake$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in contact aeration was 27.1.

Scale- Up of Water-Oil Hydrolysis System

  • Hur, Byung-Ki;Kim, Eun-Ki
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.773-777
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    • 1999
  • Scale-up experiments for hydrolysis of beef tallow, fat, and palm kernel with lipase derived from Candida cylindracea were carried out in 1-1, 100-1, and 10,000-1 reactors. The optimum agitation speed for the hydrolysis of the 1-1 reactor was investigated and found to be 350rpm, and this was a basis for the scale-up of agitation speed. The hydrolysis system in this work was the oil-water system in which the hydrolysis seems to process a heterogeneous reaction. An emulsion condition was the most important factor for determining the reaction rate of hydrolysis. Therefore, the scale-up of agitation speed was performed by using the power n = 1/3 in an equation of the rules of thumb method. The geometrical similarity for scaling-up turned out to be unsatisfactory in this study. Thus, the working volume per one agitator was used for the scale-up. In the case of scale-up from a 1-1 reactor to a 100-1 reactor, the hydrolysis of palm kernel was very much scaled-up by initiating the rules of thumb method. However, the hydrolysis of fat and beef tallow in a 100-1 reactor was a little higher than that of the 1-1 reactor because of the difference of geometrical similarity. The scale-up of hydrolysis from the 100-1 reactor to the 10,000-1 reactor was improved compared to that of the 1-1 to 100-1 reactor. The present results indicated that the scale-up of hydrolysis in the oil-water system by the rules of thumb method was more satisfactory under the condition of geometrical similarity. Even in the case where geometrical similarity was not satisfactory, the working volume per one agitator could be used for the scale-up of a heterogeneous enzyme reaction.

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Decomposition of Ethylene by Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (유전체 배리어 방전 플라즈마를 이용한 에틸렌의 분해)

  • Jang, Doo Il;Lim, Tae Hun;Lee, Sang Baek;Mok, Young Sun;Park, Hoeman
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.608-613
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    • 2012
  • Dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor was applied to the removal of ethylene from a simulated storage facility ($1.0m^3$) of fruits and vegetables. The system operated in a closed-loop mode by feeding the contaminated gas to the plasma reactor and recirculating the treated gas back to the storage facility. The experiments were carried out with parameters such as discharge power, circulation flow rate, initial ethylene concentration and treatment time. The rate of ethylene decomposition was mainly controlled by the discharge power and the treatment time. With the other conditions kept constant, the ethylene decomposition rate in the presence of the manganese oxide ozone control catalyst installed downstream from the plasma reactor was lower than that in the absence of it. The suggests that unreacted ozone from the plasma reactor accumulated in the storage facility where it additionally decomposed ethylene. On the basis of an initial ethylene concentration of 50 ppm, the energy requirement for completing the decomposition was about 60 kJ.

Intensified Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Microchannel Reactor Block : A Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study (마이크로채널 반응기를 이용한 강화된 저온 피셔-트롭쉬 합성반응의 전산유체역학적 해석)

  • Kshetrimatum, Krishnadash S.;Na, Jonggeol;Park, Seongho;Jung, Ikhwan;Lee, Yongkyu;Han, Chonghun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.92-102
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    • 2017
  • Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction converts syngas (mixture of CO and H2) to valuable hydrocarbon products. Simulation of low temperature Fischer -Tropsch Synthesis reaction and heat transfer at intensified process condition using catalyst filled single and multichannel microchannel reactor is considered. Single channel model simulation indicated potential for process intensification (higher GHSV of $30000hr^{-1}$ in presence of theoretical Cobalt based super-active catalyst) while still achieving CO conversion greater than ~65% and $C_{5+}$ selectivity greater than ~74%. Conjugate heat transfer simulation with multichannel reactor block models considering three different combinations of reactor configuration and coolant type predicted ${\Delta}T_{max}$ equal to 23 K for cross-flow configuration with wall boiling coolant, 15 K for co-current flow configuration with subcooled coolant, and 13 K for co-current flow configuration with wall boiling coolant. In the range of temperature maintained (498 - 521 K), chain growth probability calculated is desirable for low-temperature Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis.

Comparison of Anaerobic and Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor System for Liquid Manure Treatment (액상가축분뇨처리에서 혐기성 및 호기성 연속 회분식 반응조 시스템의 비교 연구)

  • Hong, Ji-Hyung
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 2008
  • Sequencing batch operation consists of fill, react, settle and decant phases in the same reactor. Operation consists of anaerobic, anoxic and oxic (aerobic) phases when nutrient removal from the wastewater is desired. Since the same reactor is used for biological oxidation (or mixing) and sedimentation in aerobic and anaerobic SBR operations, capital and operating costs are lower than conventional activated sludge process and conventional anaerobic digestion process, respectively. Therefore, Aerobic SBR and Anaerobic SBR operations may be more advantageous far treatment of small volume animal wastewater in rural areas.

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Comparison of Proportional, Integral, and P-I Control Systems in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants (생물학적 하수처리시스템에 적용된 Proportional, Integral 및 P-I 조절 시스템에 대한 비교)

  • Kim, Sungpyo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.410-415
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    • 2005
  • The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of three sets of traditional control methods (proportional, integral, and proportional - integral controls) through lab-scale biological reactor experiments. An increase in proportional gain ($K_c$) resulted in reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) offset under proportional control. An increase in integral time ($T_i$) resulted in a slower response in DO concentration with less oscillation, but took longer to get to the set point. P-I control showed more stable and efficient control of DO and airflow rates compared to either proportional control or integral control. Developed P-I control system was successfully applied to lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for treating industrial wastewater with high organic strength.

Odor Reduction Technology in Sewage Treatment Facility Using Biofilter with Reed Grass(Phragmites australls) (갈대(Phragmites australls)수초를 적용한 바이오필터에서의 하수처리시설 악취저감기술)

  • Chung, Jin-Do;Kim, Kyu-Yeol
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.373-382
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    • 2013
  • In this study, a biological odor treatment system was proposed to remove odor(foul smell) materials causing several problems in the closed sewage treatment plant. This odor treatment system was composed of a two-step biofilter system in one reactor. The two-step biofilter reactor was constructed with natural purification layer in upper part and artificial purification layer in lower part. The reed grasses of water purification plants were planted in the surface area and mixed porous ceramic media were filled with the lower part of biofilter reactor. By using the above experimental apparatus, the ammonia gas removal efficiency was attained to 98.3 % and the hydrogen sulfide gas removal efficiency was appeared more than 97.7 % which shows more effective than the conventional odor removal process.

Modeling and Dynamic Simulation for Biological Nutrient Removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor(I) (연속 회분식 반응조에서 생물학적 영양염류 제거에 대한 모델링 및 동적 시뮬레이션(I))

  • Kim, Dong Han;Chung, Tai Hak
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.42-55
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    • 1999
  • A mathematical model for biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor process, which is based on the IAWQ Activated Sludge Model No. 2 with a few modifications, has been developed. Twenty water quality components and twenty three kinetic equations are incorporated in the model. The model is structured in the matrix form based on the law of mass conservation using stoichiometry and kinetic equations. Stoichiometric coefficients and kinetic parameters included in the model equations are chosen from the literature. A multistep predictor-corrector algorithm of variable step-size is adopted for solving the vector nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The simulation for experimental results is conducted to evaluate the validity of the model and to calibrate coefficients and parameters. The simulation using the model well represents the experimental results from laboratory. The mathematical model developed in this study may be utilized for the design and operation of a sequencing batch reactor process under the steady and unsteady-state at various environmental conditions.

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Application of Biofilter Using Fibril-form Matrix for Odor Gas Removal

  • Lee, Gwang-Yeon;Jeong, Gwi-Taek;Lee, Kyoung-Min;Snuwoo, Chang-Shin;Lee, Woo-Tae;Cha, Jin-Myoung;Jang, Young-Seon;Park, Don-Hee
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.04a
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    • pp.247-251
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    • 2005
  • This research was performed for developing of biological treatment process of odor gas such as MEK, $H_{2}S$, and toluene, which is generated from the food waste recycling process. To establish the operational conditions of odor gas removal by small-scale biofiltration equipment, it was continuously operated by using toluene as a treating odor object. When the odor treating microorganisms were adhered to fibril form biofilter, high removal efficiency over 93% was obtained by biofilm formation. At 400 ppm of inlet odor gas concentration and 10 sec of retention time, the removal efficiency was 76% and 93% in 1st stage reactor and 2nd stage reactor, respectively. However, the removal efficiency remained over 97% at the operational conditions above 15 sec of retention time.

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