• Title/Summary/Keyword: biological pesticide

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Biological activities of novel quinolinyloxadiazoles (신규 quinolinyloxadiazole 유도체의 생물활성)

  • Hwang, In-Taek;Choi, Jung-Sub;Hong, Kyung-Sik;Lee, Byung-Hoe;Kim, Jin-Seog;Ryu, Eung-Kul;Cho, Kwang-Yun
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.52-63
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    • 1998
  • A novel quinolineoxadiazoles, substituted the carboxylic acid group with 1,2,4-oxadiazole radicle, of KSC-16960 and related compounds were evaluated to examine the herbicidal activity, crop injury and residual effect of after-vegetable crops compared with those of quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid), of which use is now banned because of its residual activity to some succeeding vegetable crops. KSC-16960 showed 2- and 3-leaf stages of barnyardgrasses effectively controlled by more than 95 and 90%, respectively, at a rate of 6.25 g/ha. The dose of KSC-16960 controlled 4- and 5-leaf stages of barnyardgrasses by more than 90% were found to be 50 g and 100 g/ha, respectively. The selectivity of KSC-16960 between direct-seeded rice and barnyardgrass was approximately 2-fold higher than that of quinclorac when they were treated to the soil. The selectivity indices of KSC-16960 and of quinclorac between 1-leaf stage of direct seeded rice and 5-leaf stage of barnyardgrass were 44 and 23, respectively, and those between 1-leaf stage of direct seeded rice and 4-leaf stage of barnyardgrass were almost 2-fold higher. Application of KSC-16960 with bentazone exhibited an additive controlling effect on several weed species, but that of quinclorac exhibited an antagonistic effect. With pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, on the other hand, both application of KSC-16960 and quinclorac showed additive interactions. Under a greenhouse condition, the residual activity of KSC-16960 to succeeding tomato plants was approximately 4-fold lower compared to that of quinclorac. KSC-16960 could be substituted for quinclorac, if it will be made some more improvement for reducing residual activity.

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Effect of agrochemicals on mycelial growth and spore germination of a hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 for controlling cucumber powdery mildew (농약이 오이흰가루병 방제용 중복기생균 Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013의 균사생장 및 포자발아에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang-Yeob;Lee, Sang-Bum;Kim, Yong-Ki;Kim, Hong-Gi
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2004
  • A promising hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013(AQ94013) was selected as a biological control agent to cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fusca. Effect of agrochemicals on mycelium growth and spore germination of AQ94013 and effect of spread stickers on hyperparasitical activity of AQ94013 to powdery mildew pathogen were evaluated. Finally it was confirmed that mycelial growth and spore germination of AQ94013 on potato dextrose agar amended with two fungicides for controlling powdery mildew, triadimefon and pyrazophos; five fungicides for controlling downy mildew, dimethomorph, kasugamycin+copper oxychloride, dichlofluanid+copper oxychloride and tribasic copper sulfate; three fungicides for controlling gray mold, iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone; and six insecticides immidacloprid, teflubenzuron, bifenthrin, ethofenprox, deltamethrin and phenthoate were slightly reduced. Addition of mineral oil in the spore suspension of AQ94013 enhanced 7.9% control value to cucumber powdery mildew.

Estimation of the Chitinolytic and Antifungal Activity of Streptomyces sp. CA-23 and AA-65 isolates Isolated from Waste Mushroom Media (버섯 폐배지로부터 분리한 방선균 균주 CA-23과 AA-65균주의 키틴 분해능력과 항균력 검정)

  • Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Min-Jeong;Kim, Yong-Ki;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Hong, Sung-Jun;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Kim, Seuk-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.402-410
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the chitinolytic and antifungal activity of Actinomycetes sp.isolated from waste mushroom media. In five kinds of waste mushroom media, Sinyeong mushroom and Yangsongi were the order of the population density of actinomycetes. Totally 91 chitinolytic isolates of Actinomycetes sp. were obtained from waste mushroom media. The isolates were categorized into 3 groups based on chitinolytic activity and antagonisms against Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, and Cladosporium cucumerinum in vitro. CA-23 was selected as a representative isolate of a group showing strong chitinolytic and antagonistic activities to all of the plant pathogens, while AA-65 was selected as a representative isolate showing no chitinolytic activities but strong antagonistic activities to the pathogens. CA-23 and AA-65 were highly effective on control of Phytophthora blight of hot-pepper, powdery mildew and scab of cucumber in a greenhouse tests. Among the isolates tested, CA-23 showed highest control efficacy, while AA-65 not only effectively controlled the diseases but also consistently increased plant growth and yield. Although the isolates are similarly affected on suppression of plant pathogens, the isolates could be differ from each other in modes of action. Further studies on mechanisms and practical applications are being progressed.

Pathogenicity of Korean Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Larva of Popillia quadriguttata, Ectinohoplia rufipes and Phyllopertha diversa (Coleoptera: Rutelidae) and Persistence in Golf Courses (한국산 곤충병원성 선층의 녹색콩풍뎅이(Popillia quadriguttata), 주황긴다리풍뎅이(Ectinohoplia rufipes), 연다색풍뎅이(Phyllopertha diversa) 유충에 대한 병원성과 골프장에서 지속성)

  • Choi, Woo-Geun;Ha, Pan-Jung;Lee, Sang-Myeong;Choo, Ho-Yul;Lee, Dong-Woon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2006
  • Korean entomopathogenic nematode strain were evaluated against white grubs, Popillia quadriguttata, Ectinohoplia rufipes and Phyllopertha diversa in laboratory. In addition we examined the efficacy of entomopatogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP strain against white grubs in Seaside Golf Club in Gimpo, Gyeonggii and persistence of entomopatogenic nematode in fairway of Anyang Benest Golf Club in Gunpo, Gyeonggii. In laboratory Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang strain showed 95% mortality against Popillia quadriguttata. H. bacteriophora Hamyang strain and Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP induced 80% mortality against 3rd instar of Ectinohoplia rufipes. However, the letter showed only 60% mortality against Phyllopertha diversa. White grub density was reduced to 39% by the application of Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP at the rate of $2.24{\times}10^9$ infective juveniles $ha^{-1}$ compared with control in Seaside Golf Club. Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP persisted for two months at $5{\sim}10$ cm soil depth but not persisted at $0{\sim}5$ cm soil depth for the same periods when applied at the rate of $2.47{\times}10^9$ infective juveniles $ha^{-1}$.

Translocation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Carrot-Soil Systems (Polychlorinated Biphenyl의 작물-토양간 흡수 이행성)

  • Lim, Do-Hyung;Lim, Da-Som;Keum, Young-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 2016
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, found in the many environments. PCBs exerts various toxicological effects, including endocrine-disrupting activity. Most researches with these toxicants performed with soil matrix with mixtures of congeners, namely Aroclor, while the biological activities have been tested with animals. However, studies with pure congeners are limited. In this study, 5 congeners were synthesized and their fates (bioaccumulation, degradation, kinetics) were studied in carrot-soil system. The soil half-lives of biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, PCB-77, and PCB-126 were 20.2, 16.0, 11.6, 46.5, 198.0 days, respectively. In general, the longer half-lives were observed with the higher hydrophoicity of PCBs. Times, required for maxium accumulation of PCBs in carrot (Tmax) were 10-20 days for most congeners and the concentrations were 0.4-2.6 mg/kg. The concentrations of PCBs in carrot were kept as constant after Tmax, except PCB-126. The concentration ratio between carrot and soil after 90 days of treatment were 1.7, 8.1, 1.9, 1.8, and 5.9 for biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, PCB-77, and PCB-126. Because of the increase of biomass, the total residual amount of PCBs in carrots however, increased till the end of experiment. The portions of PCB-126 in carrot were 1.1% of the soil residues at 90 days after planting.

Determination of Pyribencarb and Its Metabolite KIE-9749 in Agricultural Commodities by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (액체크로마토그래피를 이용한 농산물중 pyribencarb와 대사물 KIE-9749의 잔류 분석법)

  • Kwon, Hyeyoung;Hong, Su-Myeong;Kim, Taek-Kyum;Kim, Hyung-Jin;Moon, Byeong-Chul;Kyung, Kee-Sung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.236-246
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of pyribencarb and its metabolite KIE-9749 in agricultural commodities. The experiment was performed with a range of concentrations $0.05{\sim}2.5{\mu}g/g$ in apple, green pepper, potato, hulled rice, soybean, pear, peach, grape and cucumber. Each samples were extracted with acetone and cleaned by dichloromethane/saline water partition and purified with Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and aminopropyl SPE cartridge. Pyribencarb and KIE-9749 were separated and quantified by HPLC/UVD at 265nm using acetonitrile and water as mobile phase. The recoveries of pyribencarb and KIE-9749 were within 78.3~108.4% and 73.9~113.7% with RSD below 12.2% and 15.0%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were both $0.05{\mu}g/g$. LC/ESI-MS/MS was optimized for confirmation of residue identity.

A Biological Activity of Serratia marcescens Strains Isolated from Dead Larva of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae, Lepidoptera) (배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)의 죽은 유충에서 분리한 Serratia marcescens 균주의 생물활성)

  • Jun, Jun Hack;Jin, Na Young;Lee, You Kyoung;Lee, Bo Ram;Youn, Young Nam;Yu, Yong Man
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.152-158
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    • 2016
  • The cause of death was investigated with several dead cabbage moth larvae in breeding box. Bacterial strains were isolated and selected from the dead larvae by bioassay. One of them was identified as Serratia marcescens used by morphological characteristics and gene sequencing. S. marcescens were cultured by Luria Bertani (LB) media broth for bioassay. When 100-fold dilution of culture broth to third larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, it was showed a 100% mortality at 2 days after treatment, and only 10-fold dilution of supernatant liquid was showed 86.6% mortality. When the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to the larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, contact and feeding toxicity were 20 and 8% of mortality, respectively. Otherwise, when the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to 5 major plant pathogens, antibacterial activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinias clerotiorum were 4.7, 11.3, 20, 15.7 and 42.6%, respectively. Also, degradation ability of S. marcescens against protein and chitin were examined.

Inhibitory Effects of an Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitor, Benzylideneacetone, Against Two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae, and a Bacterial Wilt-causing Pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum (아이코사노이드 생합성 저해제인 벤질리덴아세톤의 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae)와 세균성풋마름병 세균(Ralstonia solanacearum)에 대한 억제효과)

  • Park, Ye-Sol;Kim, Min-Je;Lee, Geon-Hyung;Chun, Won-Soo;Yi, Young-Keun;Kim, Yong-Gyun
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.185-189
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    • 2009
  • A monoterpenoid compound, benzylideneacetone (BZA), is a metabolite of an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. Its primary biological activity is an inhibitor of phospholipase $A_2$, which catalyzes the committed step of biosynthesis of various eicosanoids that are critically important to mediate insect immune responses. When BZA was applied to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, it exhibited a dose-dependent mortality in leaf-disc assay. Subsequently BZA was tested against T. urticae infesting apples in a field orchard, in which it showed a significant control efficacy, which was not statistically different with that of a commercial acaricide. BZA also had significant antibacterial activities against three species of plant pathogenic bacteria when it was added to the bacterial cultures, in which it showed the highest inhibitory activity against a bacterial wilt-causing pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacterial pathogen caused significant disease symptom to young potato plants. However, BZA significantly suppressed the disease occurrence. This study suggests that BZA can be used to develop a novel crop protectant to control mite and bacterial pathogen.

Herbicidal Activity of Korean Native Plants (IV) (살초활성물질 함유 국내 자생식물의 탐색 (IV))

  • Kim, Song-Mun
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.225-229
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to screen herbicidal activity of Korean native plants which could be used for the development of new natural herbicides. Fifty-five plants were collected from Wan and Jeju islands in Korea and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Among fifty-five species, five plants were highly herbicidal ($GR_{50}$ < 1,000 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$): Clematis apiifolia A. P. DC.; (811 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Euscaphis japonica (THUNB.) KANITZ (867 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Hibiscus mutabilis L. (988 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Phyllostachys pubescens MAZEL (778 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), Yucca recurvifolia (857 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). Twenty-seven plants were shown moderately herbicidal (1,000 < $GR_{50}$ < 2,000 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), however, twenty-three plants were not shown any herbicidal activity.

Enhancement of Insecticidal Activity of the Acetamiprid Soluble Concentrate using a Photostabilizer (광안정제를 이용한 acetamiprid 액제의 살충효과 증진)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Min;Lee, Weon-Kee;Kim, Jong-Kwan;Seok, Chang-Su;Lee, Chang-Hyuk;Yu, Yong-Man;Hwang, In-Cheon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.210-217
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    • 2006
  • The study was carried out to select the effective adjuvant as a photostabilizer for acetamiprid 5% SL(soluble concentrate) and to find its optimum content by using chemical and biological methods. Adjuvants used for the study were KS1 and KS2. Photodegradation test, insecticidal efficacies and residual analysis for the study were investigated. Although photodegradation rate of acetamiprid SL was decreased by addition of KS1 and KS2, the difference between KS1 and KS2 was not significant. As KS2 showed better efficacies against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and higher amount of residue on pepper than KS1, KS2 was selected as a photostabilizer for acetamiprid SL. Acetamipid SL with KS2 showed lower photodegradation rate, better efficacies against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and higher amount of residue on pepper as content of KS2 in acetamiprid SL was decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the optimum content of KS2 was 0.1%. These results have demonstrated that the selected adjuvant could be used to enhance insecticidal activity and reduce spay dose of insecticide by protecting its photodegradation.