• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.321-337
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• 2021

The global population has increased with swift urbanization in developing countries, and it is likely to result in a high demand for animal-derived protein-rich foods. Animal farming has been constantly affected by various stressful conditions, which can be categorized into physical, environmental, nutritional, and biological factors. Such conditions could be exacerbated by banning on the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter together with a pandemic situation including, but not limited to, African swine fever, avian influenza, and foot-and-mouth disease. To alleviate these pervasive tension, various immunomodulants have been suggested as alternatives for antibiotics. Various studies have investigated how stressors (i.e., imbalanced nutrition, dysbiosis, and disease) could negatively affect nutritional physiology in chickens. Importantly, the immune system is critical for host protective activity against pathogens, but at the same time excessive immune responses negatively affect its productivity. Yet, comprehensive review articles addressing the impact of such stress factors on the immune system of chickens are scarce. In this review, we categorize these stressors and their effects on the immune system of chickens and attempt to provide immunomodulants which can be a solution to the aforementioned problems facing the chicken industry.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.115.1-115
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• 2001

According as many people use a computer newly, damage of computer virus and hacking is rapidly increasing by the crucial users. A computer virus is one of program on computer and has abilities of self reproduction and destruction like a virus of biology. And hacking is to rob a person´s data in a intruded computer and to delete data in a person´s computer from the outside. To block hacking that is intrusion of a person´s computer and the computer virus that destroys data, a study for intrusion-detection of system and virus detection using a biological immune system is in progress. In this paper, we make a mood of positive selection and negative selection of self-recognition process that is ability of ...

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.471-481
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• 2003

The acts of biological immune system are similar to the navigation for autonomous mobile robots under dynamically changing environments. In recent years, many researchers have studied navigation algorithms using artificial immune networks. Conventional artificial immune algorithms consist of an obstacle-avoidance behavior and a goal-reaching behavior. To select a proper action, the navigation algorithm should combine the obstacle-avoidance behavior with the goal-reaching behavior. In this paper, the neural network is employed to combine the behaviors. The neural network is trained with the surrounding information. the outputs of the neural network are proper combinational weights of the behaviors in real-time. Also, a velocity control algorithm is constructed with the artificial immune network. Through a simulation study and experimental results for a autonomous mobile robot, we have shown the validity of the proposed navigation algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2001

생체 면역시스템은 바이러스나 병원균 등의 외부 침입자로부터 자신을 보호한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 기능을 컴퓨터 면역시스템에 적용하기 위하여 생체 면역시스템의 기본 요소인 T세포를 모델링 하였다. 모델링한 T세포는 MHC 인식부와 항원 인식부를 가지고 있으며, 매칭을 통하여 컴퓨터내의 랜덤 파일로부터 자기 파일과 비자기 파일을 구분할 수 있다. 모델링한 T세포의 유효성을 보이기 위해서 컴퓨터 바이러스의 문제에 적용하여 자기-비자기 구분이 가능함을 보인다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new artificial immune approach to on-line hardware test which is the most indispensable technique for fault tolerant hardware. A novel algorithm of generating tolerance conditions is suggested based on the principle of the antibody diversity. Tolerance conditions in artificial immune system correspond to the antibody in biological immune system. In addition, antigen presenting cell (APC) is realized by Quine-McCluskey method in this algorithm and tolerance conditions are generated through GA (Genetic Algorithm). The suggested method is applied to the on-line monitoring of a typical FSM (a decade counter) and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2014

In contrast to animals, plants do not have a circulatory system as well as mobile immune cells that allow them to protect themselves against pathogens. Instead, plants exclusively depend on the innate immune system to defend against pathogens. As typically observed in the animal innate immunity, plant immune responses are composed of pathogen detection, defense signaling which includes transcriptional reprogramming, and secretion of antimicrobial compounds. Although knowledge on recognition and subsequent signaling of pathogen-derived molecules called elicitors is now expanding, the mechanisms of how these immune molecules are excreted are yet poorly understood. Therefore, current understandings of how plants secrete defense products especially via exocytosis will be discussed in this review.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3036-3038
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• 1999

The conventional structure for an action selector of an Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) has been criticized for a repeated action. To overcome this problem recently many researches have been focused on the reactive planning systems such as the biological immune system. In this paper, we propose a learning aritificial immune network, the learning method is to use Genetic Algorithm (GA). The computer simulation show that the usefulness of the learning immune network.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Recent studies have revealed that the immune system plays a critical role in various physiological processes beyond its classical pathogen control activity. Even under a sterile condition, various cells and tissues can utilize the immune system to meet a specific demand for proper physiological functions. Particularly, a strong link between immunity and metabolism has been identified. Studies have identified the reciprocal regulation between these two systems. For example, immune signals can regulate metabolism, and metabolism (cellular or systemic) can regulate immunity. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on this reciprocal regulation between immunity and metabolism, and discuss potential biological rules behind this interaction with integrative perspectives.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

A novel immunotronic approach to fault detection in hardware based on symbiotic evolution is proposed in this paper. In the immunotronic system, the generation of tolerance conditions corresponds to the generation of antibodies in the biological immune system. In this paper, the principle of antibody diversity, one of the most important concepts in the biological immune system, is employed and it is realized through symbiotic evolution. Symbiotic evolution imitates the generation of antibodies in the biological immune system morethan the traditional GA does. It is demonstrated that the suggested method outperforms the previous immunotronic methods with less running time. The suggested method is applied to fault detection in a decade counter (typical example of finite state machines) and MCNC finite state machines and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.473-480
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• 2022

Neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cells, play essential roles in the innate immune system. As key innate immune cells, neutrophils detect intrusion of pathogens and initiate immune cascades with their functions; swarming (arresting), cytokine production, degranulation, phagocytosis, and projection of neutrophil extracellular trap. Because of their short lifespan and consumption during immune response, neutrophils need to be generated consistently, and generation of newborn neutrophils (granulopoiesis) should fulfill the environmental/systemic demands for training in cases of infection. Accumulating evidence suggests that neutrophils also play important roles in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-mediated immune responses end with apoptosis of the cells, and proper phagocytosis of the apoptotic body (efferocytosis) is crucial for initial and post resolution by producing tolerogenic innate/adaptive immune cells. However, inflammatory cues can impair these cascades, resulting in systemic immune activation; necrotic/pyroptotic neutrophil bodies can aggravate the excessive inflammation, increasing inflammatory macrophage and dendritic cell activation and subsequent T_H1/T_H17 responses contributing to the regulation of the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. In this review, we briefly introduce recent studies of neutrophil function as players of immune response.