• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.13
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• 2020

Aging triggers cellular and molecular alterations, including genomic instability and organ dysfunction, which increases the risk of disease in mammals. Recently, due to the markedly growing number of aging dogs in the world, as much as 49% in total number of pet dogs, it is necessary to improve and maintain their quality of life by understanding of the biological effects of aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine specific biomarkers in aging dogs as a means of defining a set of hematological/biochemical biomarkers that influence the aging process. Blood samples were collected from younger (1-3 years) and older (7-10 years) dogs of middle/large size. The hematological/biochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate parameters significantly associated with age. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to target growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), one of the main regulators of the aging process. Declining levels of total protein and increased levels of glucose in young dogs was observed regardless of their body size. Notably, a significantly high concentration of GH and IGF-1 in the younger dogs compared to the older dogs was found in middle/large-sized dogs. GH and IGF-1 were also found at significantly high levels in large-sized dogs compared to middle-sized dogs, suggesting a similar trend to that of elderly humans. Consequently, glucose, total protein, GH, and IGF-1 were identified as potential biomarkers for regulating the aging process in large/middle-sized dogs. These findings provide an invaluable insight into the mechanism of aging for the field of aging research.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.867-878
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• 1994

A general overview of the lipid peroxidation and its nutritional significance are presented ,with emphasis on the reaction mechaisms, peroxidized products, further interaction and nutritional/biological deterioration in a series of oxidative process. Overall mechanism with various factors and elements for initiation , propagation and termination of free radical reaction is reviewed and the primary /secondary products of peroxidized lipids are defined. Since these products are potentially reactive substances that can cause deterioration of proteins /amino acids and vitamins (carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid etc), mechanism and actual damages of their deterioration in some foods and biological models are outlined. Especially , chemical changes caused by interaction of peroxidized products (related hydroperoxides, radicals and malonaldehye etc) and protein are emphasized here. And also, the detailed mechanisms on radical scavenging of the these vitamins which are the most prominent natural antioxidants are presented . Additionally , the possible roles of peroxidicaed lipids and their secondary products in the process of aging an carcinogenesis are briefly discussed . However, it is important to not that more detailed and integrated studies on the reaction kinetics, energetics of peroxidation, their decomposed products , biochemical interaction potential damaging/aging / carcinogenic effects, protection from their oxidative spoilage and novel antioxidants in food and heterogeneous biological systems will be essential in order to assessing the implication of lipid peroxidation to human nutrition and health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2005

This paper describes the purification and properties of a multicatalytic proteinase complex, proteasome, from bovine skeletal muscle, in comparision with proteasome prepared from other species or organs. The purified bovine skeletal muscle proteasome exhibited a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Bovine skeletal muscle proteasome degraded synthetic peptides maximally at pH 8.0. Relative to pH 8.0, activities were gradually decreased with the lowering pH, but the extent of decrease was substrate-dependent, and the activity at pH 5.5 still retained 78-10% of the activity at pH 8.0, indicating the possibility that the proteasome is active in muscle during aging. When the proteasome was heated at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 15 or 30 min and treated in the presence of 0.0125% SDS, the activity increased over 1.8 and 3.1 times (LLVY (Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-NH-Mec) as a substrate), respectively. These results (activation with heat or SDS) indicate that the hydrolytic activity of proteasome was stimulated under mild denaturing conditions. The characteristics of the bovine skeletal muscle proteasome obtained in our experiment were almost the same as those of the proteasome prepared from other species or organs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.126-137
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• 2002

Objective : There is accumulating data that cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, cerebro-vascular accident, coronary heart disease, relate to atherosclerotic changes. Increased serum levels of lipids could play a role in these circumstances. the SDPTG(the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform) is noninvasive methods for evaluating the pulse wave and is correlated with age and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. Methods : To study the effects of serum lipid levels on the SDPTG in the middle-age adults, data on serum lipid levels and the SDPTG were collected in 80 healthy middle age with varying serum lipid concentrations. Biological vascular age was assessed using the SDPTG. the SDPTG consists of an a, b, c, and d wave in systole and an e wave in diastole; an SDPTG aging index(Al) was calculated as (b-c-d-e)/a. Results : Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, total lipid, phospholipid, HDL cholesterol levels were respectively and significantly correlated with SDPTG Al. Serum lipid levels and blood pressure are age-dependent and the SDPTG is blood pressure-dependent. Restricting analysis to age and blood pressure yield strong positive correlations between serum triglyceride, total lipid levels and SDPTG Al, but no correlations between serum total cholesterol, phospholipid levels and SDPTG Al. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that preventive acupuncture programs or herbal medications for reducing serum lipid, especially triglyceride, levels in middle-age should include a evaluation of biological vascular aging with the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

전통 메주로부터 protease를 생성하는 곰팡이를 분리한 후, 이를 사용하여 메주를 만들고, 자연 발효 하여 메주를 만든 것을 대조구로 하여 된장을 제조하고 90일간 숙성시키면서 각 된장의 효소력과 환원당 함량 그리고 아미노태 질소와 암모니아태 질소량을 측정하여 첨가한 곰팡이가 된장의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수분 함량은 숙성기간이 증가하면서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 시료별 수분 함량의 차이는 크지 않았다. 효소력 측정 결과, amylase 활성은 모든 시료에서 낮은 활성을 보였으며, 숙성이 진행되면서 계속적인 감소세를 보였다. Protease 활성은 분리 곰팡이를 사용한 된장이 대조구보다 높았으며 속성 30-45 일경에 최대치를 보이다가 그 이후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Lipase 활성은 대조구와 시험구 된장에서 차이가 거의 없었고, 숙성 30일경에 최대 활성을 보이다가 그 이후 계속적으로 감소하였다. 환원당 함량은 숙성이 진행되면서 감소하였다. 아미노태 질소함량은 분리한 곰팡이를 사용하여 제조한 된장이 대조구보다 높았으며, 숙성이 진행되면서 계속적인 증가세를 보였다. 모든 시료의 에탄올 추출물에서 항산화력이 있음이 확인되었다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제49호
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• pp.109-136
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• 2012

조선시대 유학자였던 여헌 장현광은 '노인' 혹은 '노년의 삶'을 학술적 영역으로 끌어들여 '주제화'화고, 그러한 노년시기에 노인은 자신이 수행해야 할 사업이 있다고 본다. 그것이 '노인사업'이다. 노인이 삶에 대한 주체적 자각을 통해 자신의 책무를 수행해 가는 과정은 '삶으로서 자기완성의 시간'이라고 할 수 있다. 그 시기가 바로 노년의 시기이다. 필자는 장현광이 제안하고 있는 것처럼 노인이 자신의 직분을 수행해 가는 노년을 '삶으로서의 자기완성의 시기'로 보며, 이 과정적 시간을 '웰에이징'으로 파악한다. '웰에이징'은 '자기완성을 위한 존엄한 노년'인 것이다. 웰에이징은 단순히 안티웨이징(anti-aging)과 같이 육체적 노화 혹은 늙어감에 대한 거부가 아니라 늙어가는 것 그 자체를 수용하면서 노년의 시기를 긍정적인 자기 변화의 시간으로 받아들이려는 삶의 양식과 태도이다. 장현광의 물음은 한 마디로 압축된다. 곧 "노년의 시기에 인간으로서의 '노인'은 무엇을 할 수 있을 것인가?"이다. 장현광은 노년기는 생물학적으로 '황혼기'에 들어섰지만, 그러나 '의지적인 존재로서 인간의 사명'이 아직은 남아 있다고 본다. 그것을 장현광은 노인사업이라 하고, 그 사업을 통해 '도를 보존할 것(存道)'을 제안한다. 장현광이 제기하는 것처럼 노년기는 담담히 자신을 완성해가는 과정이자, '노인으로서의 개인'이 '자기 존재감'을 유지해야 한다. '활동적인 노년'(active aging)을 통해 '누적된 경험적 지혜'를 활용함으로써 '노인에 의한 사회적 기여'도 가능하게 된다. 이러할 때, '노인'은 '고령화시대의 노년기'를 보내는 존재가 아니라 '인간으로서의 노년기'를 보낼 수 있게 된다. 자신을 완성해 나아가는 존엄한 인간으로서 노인의 시간을 맞이하게 된다. 장현광이 '노인사업'이라고 하는 철학적 성찰을 통해 우리에게 제시하고 있는 것은 바로 노년이란 '존엄한 존재'로서의 자신에 대한 재발견이자 자기 실현의 시기라는 점을 재확인해주고 있다는 점이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2003

Explanted mammalian cells perform a limited number of cell division in vitro and than are arrested in a state known as replicative senescence. Such cells are irreversibly blocked, mostly in the G1 phase of cell cycle, and are no longer sensitive to growth factor stimulation. Thus replicative senescence is defined as a permanent and irreversible loss of replicative potential of cells. For this characteristic, replicative senescence seems to evolve to protect mammalian organism from cancer. However, senescence also contributes to aging. It seems to decrease with age of the cell donor and, as a form of cell senescence, is thought to underlie the aging process. Extensive evidence supports the idea that progressive telomere loss contributes to the phenomenon of cell senescence. Telomeres are repetitive structures of the sequence (TTAGGG)n at the ends of linear chromosomes. It has been shown that the average length of telomere repeats in human somatic cells decreases by 30∼200 bp with each cell division. It is generally believed that when telomeres reach a critical length, a signal is activated to initiate the senescent program. This has given rise to the hypothesis that telomeres act as mitotic clocks to regulate lifespan. One proposes that cumulative oxidative stress, mainly reactive oxygen species generated from mitochondria, may mainly cause telomere shortening, accelerating aging. Here, the biological importance and mechanism of replicative senescence were briefly reviewed. Also it was summarized that how oxidative stress affects replicative senescence and telomere shortening.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

Telomerase plays a pivotal role in the pathology of aging and cancer by maintaining genome integrity, controlling cell proliferation, and regulating tissue homeostasis. Telomerase is essentially composed of an RNA component, Telomerase RNA or TERC, which serves as a template for telomeric DNA synthesis, and a catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). The canonical function of TERT is the synthesis of telomeric DNA repeats, and the maintenance of telomere length. However, accumulating evidence indicates that TERT may also have some fundamental functions that are independent of its enzymatic activity. Among these telomere-independent activities of hTERT, the role of hTERT in gene transcription has been investigated in detail. Transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in biological systems. Several studies have shown a direct involvement of hTERT in gene transcription. This mini-review will focus on the role of hTERT in gene transcription regulation, and discuss its possible mechanisms.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.5-7
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• 2016

딱지꽃(Potentilla chinensis)은 약초식물의 하나로 항염, 지혈, 해독 그리고 해열 등의 효과가 알려져 있다. 특히 딱지꽃의 뿌리는 약제로써 중요한 가치를 지니고 있다. 그러나 기존에 딱지꽃의 줄기나 잎에 대한 유효성분에 대한 연구가 시도된 반면 딱지꽃의 뿌리의 주요성분을 분석한 사례가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구는 딱지꽃의 뿌리를 다양한 용매별로 추출하고 주요한 물질을 분리정제 하였다. 분리 정제된 물질을 NMR과 mass 분석을 통하여 물질을 동정하였고 그 결과 주요성분이 화합물 (1)임을 확인하였다. 또한, 동정된 물질의 산업적 응용을 위해 딱지꽃 뿌리에서 용매별로 화합물 (1) 추출양을 정량하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2012

Phytochemicals are reported to provide various biological functions leading to the promotion of health as well as the reduced risk of chronic diseases. Fat-soluble plant pigments, carotenoids, are extensively studied micronutrient phytochemicals for their potential health benefits. It is noteworthy that specific carotenoids may be responsible for different protective effects against certain diseases. In addition, each carotenoid can be obtained from different types of plant foods. Considering the fact that the phytochemical content in foods can vary according to, but not limited to, the varieties and culture conditions, it is important to establish a database of phytochemicals in locally produced plant foods. Currently, information on individual carotenoid content in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea is lacking. As the first step to support the production and consumption of sustainable local plant foods, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of plant foods commonly consumed in Korea are presented and their potential biological functions are discussed in this review.