Well-Aging: the Yeoheon Jang Hyun Kwang's meditation on the old age

웰에이징 : 노년의 삶에 대한 여헌 장현광의 성찰

  • Received : 2012.11.28
  • Accepted : 2012.12.07
  • Published : 2012.12.30

Abstract

'Old man' or 'old age' was not the parts of academic discipline in the Joseon era but Yeoheon put it in the philosophical 'problematization' of the learning of the Confucianism. He was argued that the old man or old age is not merely biological decline but it has the goal to achieve. The completion of self is the meaning and end of the life throughout the subjective realization and procedure of attaining the goal step by step. Well-aged old man is affirming the getting old and making the positive changing of old life time in his one sake. This essay is showing the Yeoheon's thought of old aging as the self-realizing well-ageing. Next, it is argued that the predicament of old age or old man is not just social welfare or biological aspects but it is serious philosophical problems. If it was just social or biological aspects then it is just a social phenomenon to approach the view of scientists. However, this is not only life and death and flux of time and relativities but also it is problematizing the self-identification subjectivities. Obviously, it is the significant that the old and or old age is fundamentally philosophical subject rather than social or biological materials. In the third chapter, we are dealing with the views of the life and death of Yeoheon. He was insisted that quite interesting opinion that is the all the lives in the universe include himself is 'a wayfarer'. It looks like a time traveler in the universe; we are just one who stays in a body for awhile. When we follow him, we are living in this universe in a time (disposable) but the same theorem is applying to the whole universe as well myriad creatures. Therefore, man has a job to do as an entity of the universe. Yeoheon was called it is the business as a job and we have to do the Dao till you end. The fourth, Yeoheon was suggested that the old man has his work and business. There are two kind of works for an old man, the former is self control as an old age that is call the old man's job and the latter is staying with the Dao that is called the old man's business. According to Yeoheon, man has charged to realize the law of the universe that means we are the moral entity; therefore we are business to complete ourselves. Old age is decline of physical activities rather than vigorous, therefore, we have to follow our body and self-affirmation of declination is the Dao. The final, Yeoheon was advised that the old man better saved in the current of the Dao, because the physical function is declining but the shining Dao is within the mind in the body. It is motivation of the self-dignity of old man and one who recognizes the work to do even in the old body that he will be the significant among all the society not a lonely old man anymore. Old aging is biological twilight but the considerable real size expertise and self-affirmation is the Dao of old age. We are meditating nowadays in Yeoheon's philosophical context on old man or old aging. By him, the old age is man of dignity as long as he realizes in his Dao through the business and self-affirmation.

조선시대 유학자였던 여헌 장현광은 '노인' 혹은 '노년의 삶'을 학술적 영역으로 끌어들여 '주제화'화고, 그러한 노년시기에 노인은 자신이 수행해야 할 사업이 있다고 본다. 그것이 '노인사업'이다. 노인이 삶에 대한 주체적 자각을 통해 자신의 책무를 수행해 가는 과정은 '삶으로서 자기완성의 시간'이라고 할 수 있다. 그 시기가 바로 노년의 시기이다. 필자는 장현광이 제안하고 있는 것처럼 노인이 자신의 직분을 수행해 가는 노년을 '삶으로서의 자기완성의 시기'로 보며, 이 과정적 시간을 '웰에이징'으로 파악한다. '웰에이징'은 '자기완성을 위한 존엄한 노년'인 것이다. 웰에이징은 단순히 안티웨이징(anti-aging)과 같이 육체적 노화 혹은 늙어감에 대한 거부가 아니라 늙어가는 것 그 자체를 수용하면서 노년의 시기를 긍정적인 자기 변화의 시간으로 받아들이려는 삶의 양식과 태도이다. 장현광의 물음은 한 마디로 압축된다. 곧 "노년의 시기에 인간으로서의 '노인'은 무엇을 할 수 있을 것인가?"이다. 장현광은 노년기는 생물학적으로 '황혼기'에 들어섰지만, 그러나 '의지적인 존재로서 인간의 사명'이 아직은 남아 있다고 본다. 그것을 장현광은 노인사업이라 하고, 그 사업을 통해 '도를 보존할 것(存道)'을 제안한다. 장현광이 제기하는 것처럼 노년기는 담담히 자신을 완성해가는 과정이자, '노인으로서의 개인'이 '자기 존재감'을 유지해야 한다. '활동적인 노년'(active aging)을 통해 '누적된 경험적 지혜'를 활용함으로써 '노인에 의한 사회적 기여'도 가능하게 된다. 이러할 때, '노인'은 '고령화시대의 노년기'를 보내는 존재가 아니라 '인간으로서의 노년기'를 보낼 수 있게 된다. 자신을 완성해 나아가는 존엄한 인간으로서 노인의 시간을 맞이하게 된다. 장현광이 '노인사업'이라고 하는 철학적 성찰을 통해 우리에게 제시하고 있는 것은 바로 노년이란 '존엄한 존재'로서의 자신에 대한 재발견이자 자기 실현의 시기라는 점을 재확인해주고 있다는 점이다.

Keywords