• 동굴
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.38-60
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• 1987

There are BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the date of the water pollution in the pollution analysis, BOD and COD analysis the result of the analysis. The computer developed the program in the analysis. Went by BOD, the relation conversion equation type of COD, the control chart, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of correlation etc.. for the purpose of the development of the program. There is a purpose by which it is what coefficient of correlation in the development of this program or not if the value (X and Y) of unknow is understood. In the future, if this program is applied the utilization to not only the data is analyzed about the water pollution but also a lot of fields is proposed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2018

The Malaysian biogas upgrading technologies and policies were examined. In Malaysia, the regulation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been enforced to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 20 ppm and the biogas capture in the palm oil mills have been recently enforced for renewable energy. A huge amount of organic waste is produced from POME, and 80 million tons from palm oil trees, every year. Due to the renewable energy trends, the Malaysian government is modifying the use of biogases as fuels in favor of their conversion into compressed natural gas (CNG) and other chemicals; various green policies are being promoted because of many advantages of the organic substances. The Korean policies for biogas are a good model for exporting environmental plants after upgrading the digestion and purification technologies. Therefore, this article introduces the current status of POME and biogas production in Malaysia, it could encourage creating a new market for biomethane.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1978년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.206.4-206
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• 1978

By utilizillg whole cell enzyme of the Xantho-monas citri IFO 3835, cephalexin is synthesized directly from 7-amino-deacetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and phenyl glycine methyl ester (PGM). To date, cephalexin has been manufactu-red by chemical process involving fairly large number of steps to protect the amino group of phenly glycine and carboxyl group of 7-ADCA. However, the enzymatic process involves only a single step with 85％ conversion in 90 minutes. The fermentation variables studied indicate that oxygen transfer is limiting step in the enzyme production. Optimum conditions for enzymatic reaction were 37 C, pH 6.0, and the optimum substrate molar ratio of PGM to 7-ADCA was 2. Other variables that are related to the biochemical properties of whole cell enzyme temperature stability, pH stability, kinetic constants, reusing effect, enzyme loading effect were also evaluated.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2015

본 연구는 한방생약부산물을 이용한 육계의 사료첨가제를 개발하기 위해 대조군(CON), HM1(한방생약부산물 0.15%), HM2(한방생약부산물 0.3%) 및 HM3(한방생약부산물 0.5%) 등 4개군에 육계 96수를 완전임의 배치하여 생산성, 장내 미생물 균총, 혈액 생화학적 지표, 면역글로블린 및 백혈구 성상의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 한방생약부산물 0.15% 첨가군(HM1)에서 대조군에 비해 육계전기(3~21일령) 사료요구율이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 개선되었으나, 전 기간에서는 차이가 없었다. 장내 소화물의 E. coli 및 Lactobacili 총 균수에서도 한방생약부산물 급여는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈액 생화학적 지표에서는 한방생약부산물 급여 시 AST 및 glucose 수준을 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소시켰다. 면역글로불린(IgG 및 IgA)과 백혈구 감별계수에서는 처리에 따른 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 육계에서 0.15~0.3% 수준의 한방생약 부산물 첨가는 육계전기에 사료이용성 및 간 조직의 기능을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 저온에서 매립지 가스(LFG)하에서 메탄의 완전 산화 특성 분석을 위한 고성능 Pd 코팅 $La_{0.1}Sr_{0.9}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSCF-1928)촉매를 개발하였다. LSCF-1928 촉매를 분말형과 중공사형으로 성형한 후 중공사형의 표면을 무전해도금법으로 Pd를 코팅하였다. 성형된 촉매는 TPR을 통해 촉매에 흡착 된 산소종과 그 흡착 량을 분석하였고, SEM을 통해 중공사형 기공구조를 확인하였으며, XRD를 통해 촉매의 안정성을 확인하였다. 메탄 산화 실험 결과 LSCF-1928 촉매의 메탄 완전산화 온도는 $475^{\circ}C$ 이었으나, Pd코팅 된 LSCF-1928 촉매는 이보다 낮았으며, $O_2$ 전화 율 또한 일반 LSCF-1928 촉매보다 Pd 코팅 LSCF-1928 촉매가 높았음을 확인하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2015

초임계 유체 기술을 이용한 폴리락티드 스테레오 콤플렉스 제조는 폴리락티드의 열적 및 기계적 물성을 향상시키는 좋은 방법이다. 이 연구에서는 초임계 유체인 디메틸에테르를 이용하여 고분자량 폴리락티드를 높은 수율로 100% 스테레오 콤플렉스화를 시켰다. 폴리락티드에 대한 디메틸에테르의 높은 용해성은 이 공정의 핵심요소로 250 bar, $70^{\circ}C$, 1.5시간에 반응이 종료되었다. 폴리락티드의 스테레오 콤플렉스 연구는 압력, 온도, 시간, 농도 및 분자량을 변화시키며 진행하였다. 스테레오 콤플렉스화는 온도와 압력이 증가할 때 높아졌다. 분자량 20만 이상인 PLLA와 PDLA는 6%의 디메틸에테르에서 100% 스테레오 콤플렉스화가 이루어졌다. 스테레오 콤플렉스화 정도는 DSC 및 XRD를 통해 이루어졌다. 또한 DSC 및 TGA 분석을 통해 융점이 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상 높아진 폴리락티드가 얻어졌음을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

본 연구는 오배자(Galla Rhois, GR)가 이유자돈의 성장과 설사발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 100두의 28일령 이유자돈을 무작위적으로 5개의 실험군(NC, 대조군; PC, chlortetracycline 0.3 g/kg feed; GR 1, GR 1.0 g/kg feed; GR 2, GR 2.0 g/kg feed; GR 3, GR 4.0 g/kg feed3)으로 나누어 실험을 수행하였다. 28일 동안 실험군별로 처리한 후, PC, GR 2 그리고 GR 3의 최종 체중과 사료요구율은 NC와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 또한, PC와 GR를 급여한 모든 군의 일평균증체량과 일평균사료섭취량도 NC와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 특히, GR 2와 GR 3의 최종 체중, 일일평균증체량, 일평균사료섭취량 그리고 사료요구율은 PC와 비교하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분변지수와 설사지속시간에 있어서, PC와 GR를 급여한 모든 군이 NC와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 혈액학적 그리고 혈액생화학적 분석 결과, NC와 GR를 급여한 모든 군들 사이에서 혈액학적 그리고 혈액생화학적 지표값들의 통계학적 유의한 차이가 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과로부터, GR은 자돈에 있어서 설사발생과 성장증체를 개선시키기 위한 강력한 사료첨가제로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2012

This trial was performed to study the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth performance, serum biochemistry variable and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 640 d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, 4 pens per treatment and 40 birds per pen for a 6-wk feeding trial. In the four treatment groups, fermented RSM replaced soybean meal at 0, 5, 10, and 15%, respectively. On 21 d and 42 d, two birds from each pen were randomly selected and slaughtered. Blood samples and sections of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for measurement of serum biochemical variables and intestinal morphology, respectively. Results showed that body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FC) were significantly (p<0.01) poorer for birds fed the 15% fermented RSM diet than those fed with 0, 5 and 10% fermented RSM diets during all periods. Compared with 0 and 5% fermented RSM groups, IgG content in the serum of birds in 10 and 15% fermented RSM groups was improved (p<0.01) urea nitrogen content of serum was reduced (p<0.01) during both growing and finishing periods. However, IgM, phosphorus and calcium levels increased (p<0.05) only during the growing period. Increased (p<0.05) villus height was observed in the duodenum and jejunum of broilers fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM. In addition, villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was significantly higher (p<0.01) for birds fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM than for those fed diets with 0, 5 and 15% fermented RSM. The present results suggest that RSM fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis is a promising alternative protein source and that it could be safely used replace up to 10% SBM in broiler diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1598-1608
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• 2013

An optimum dietary carbohydrate content is important for maximum fish growth. In this study, we fed Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) with either control diet (30.42%) or high carbohydrate diet (52.92%) for 90 d. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily in an aquarium with automatic temperature control and circulated water. Growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic morphology and enzyme activities were determined. It was shown that compared to fish fed control diet, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher plasma triglyceride and cortisol levels for d 90, and lower alkaline phosphatase level for d 45, lower hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidative capacity for d 90, higher malondialdehyde for d 45 and glycogen content for d 45 and 90 (p<0.05). Histological and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that hepatocytes of fish fed high carbohydrate diet contained large lipid droplets, causing displacement of cellular organelles to periphery of hepatocytes. The relative level of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA of Wuchang bream fed high carbohydrate diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet for 90 d (p<0.05). These changes led to decreased specific growth rate and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Upon hypoxia challenge, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher cumulative mortality than those fed the control diet (p<0.05). These results suggested that high dietary carbohydrate (52.92%) was detrimental to the growth performance and health of Wuchang bream.