• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 육계사료 내 resveratrol의 첨가가 육계의 생산성, 도체율 및 조직 중량, 혈액 생화학적 성상, 면역 및 혈액 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시계는 1일령 육계 수평아리 (Ross ${\times}$ Ross 308) 320수를 선별하여 육계초기(0~3주령)와 육계후기(3~5주령)의 35일 동안 시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 8처리구(C(-), 대조군; C(+), 항생제 처리군; ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU 처리군; ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU 처리군; resveratrol 20 ppm 처리군; resveratrol 200 ppm 처리군; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm 처리군; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm 처리군)를 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩으로 나누어 완전임의 배치하였다. 육계의 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 처리구 사이에서 유의차가 없었으나, 종료체중과 증체량은 항생제와 resveratrol 및 methylated reveratrol 처리구에서 무항생제와 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 도체율과 조직 중량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 간과 F낭 무게는 항생제와 resveratrol 20 ppm 및 methylated resveratrol 처리구에서 낮게 나타났으며, 췌장의 무게는 resvertrol과 methylated resveratrol 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 맹장 미생물 균총(total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella, lactic acid bacteria)은 resveratrol과 methylated resveratrol 처리구가 무항생제와 항생제 처리구 및 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구와 비교하여 차이를 보이지 않았다. 육계 혈액 내 creatinine, BUN, total protein, albumin, AST 그리고 ALT는 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, globulin 함량은 resveratrol 200 ppm과 methylated resveratrol 20 ppm 처리구에서 무항생제 처리구에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였으나, 처리구 사이에 유의차는 없었다(P<0.05). IgA, IgG와 IgM는 항생제 처리구와 reveratrol 처리구에서 무항생제와 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). SOD 유사 활성은 resveratrol 처리구에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), MDA 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 뽕나무 유래 resveratrol은 육계 생산성 개선 및 건강성 유지를 통해 천연 항생제 대체물질로 이용 가능성이 시사된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 매실과 오미자 분말을 첨가한 사료를 급여하여 육계의 성장과 사료 효율, 소화 장기 무게, 혈액 성상 및 체내 항산화 방어 작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험 설계로서 3일령 육계 96수를 각 처리구당 32수씩(n=8) 대조구(CON), 매실 0.2%(PMS) 및 오미자 0.2%(SCB) 등 3 처리구에 완전임의 배치하여 35일령까지 사양시험을 실시하였다 전 시험기간(3~35일령)의 체중, 증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율은 천연물 첨가에 따른 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 간, 소장, 췌장 등과 같은 소화기관 무게 역시 매실과 오미자 첨가에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈액 생화학 성상을 살펴보면 오미자 첨가구는 대조구보다 triglyceride 수준이 유의적으로 증가되었지만(P<0.05), glucose, total protein, cholesterol, HDLC, LDLC등과 같은 성분은 유의적 변화가 없었다. 또한 오미자 첨가구가 매실 첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 혈중 glucose 함량이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 항산화 방어 작용에 대한 지표를 분석한 결과, in vitro에서 매실 및 오미자는 높은 항산화 소거능(RSA)을 보였으며, 특히 오미자 추출물에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 또한 간 또는 근육 조직의 GSH 함량은 오미자 및 매실 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다(P<0.05). 그러나 소장점막세포, 간 및 근육에서 SOD, GPX 및 GST와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성도 및 지질과산화도(MDA)는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 0.2% 수준의 매실 및 오미자분말의 급여는 육계의 사양성적 및 장기무게에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 이들 물질은 체 조직에서 항산화력을 증가시키므로 육계 사료 내 천연 항산화소재로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 Zn 보충급여가 한국재래계의 생산성 및 소화기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 기초사료(100 ppm)에 ZnO 또는 Zn-methionine 형태로 각각 50 ppm을 첨가하여 체중, 사료이용성, 장기무게, 혈액생화학적 성상 및 소화효소 활성도를 조사하였다. 사양성적을 보면 대조군(CON)에 비해 산화아연(ZNO) 및 유기태(ZMT)군에서 체중은 각각 1.2% 및 2.4% 증가되는 경향을 보였지만 유의적 차이는 없었다. 사료섭취량과 사료요구율 역시 모든 처리군에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 간, 비장 및 소장점막 무게는 아연의 급여 및 화학적 형태에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 췌장무게는 ZNO군에서 대조군과 ZMT군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었다(P<0.05). 혈액 생화학 성분인 glucose, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST)와 alanine aminotransferase(ALT) 등은 ZnO 또는 Zn-methionine 급여에 따른 차이가 없었다. 췌장 효소활성도를 조사한 결과 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 carboxypeptidase A 활성도는 아연의 급여에 따른 차이가 없었으나, trypsin은 ZnO와 Zn-methionine 급여에 따라 활성도가 현저히 증가되었다(P<0.05). 소장의 흡수상피세포에 존재하는 이당류분해효소(maltase 및 sucrase)는 Zn 급여원에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았다. 펩타이드 분해효소인 leucine aminopeptidase의 활성도는 ZnO 급여 또는 Zn-methionine 급여에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P=0.08). 이상의 결과로 보아 기초사료에 Zn의 보충급여(50 ppm)는 닭에서 단백질 소화작용에 관여하는 효소의 활성도 증진효과를 보이며, 단백질의 생체 이용성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2021

본 실험은 사료 내에 인삼 재배 부산물인 진생베리, 인삼잎·줄기를 첨가하였을 때 육계의 생산성, 장기 발달 및 혈액 생화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 총 120수의 수컷 육계(Ross 308) 초생추를 5처리 4반복으로 배치하여 35일간 사양실험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 대조구(CON), 진생베리 0.5% 첨가(GB1), 진생베리 1.0% 첨가(GB2), 인삼 잎·줄기 0.5% 첨가(GLS1), 인삼 잎·줄기 1.0% 첨가(GLS2)로 구분하였다. 전기(1~21일령)에는 GB2와 GLS1의 증체량이 820.8 g과 821.7 g으로 759.3 g의 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 후기(22~35일령)에는 GLS2의 사료섭취량이 다른 처리구보다 높았으나(P<0.05), 전 기간(1~35일령)에 걸쳐 분석하였을 때는 모든 항목에서 처리구간 유의차를 볼 수 없었다. 혈청 생화학 분석에서는 글루코스 항목을 제외한 나머지 항목에서는 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 글루코스 함량은 대조구와 비교하였을 때 GLS 처리구들에서 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05) GB 처리구에서는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 장기 무게는 간, 심장, 비장, 근위, 췌장, F낭 등에서 처리구간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 사료 내 인삼 부산물의 첨가 급여는 육계의 초기 생산성을 개선시켰으며 혈중 글루코스 수준 감소에 효과를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.674-680
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the effects of feeds naturally contaminated with mycotoxins on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and splenic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. The efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW) adsorbent in preventing mycotoxicosis was also evaluated. Three hundred 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 treatments in completely randomized design for 42 d. Each treatment group had 5 replicate pens with 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) naturally contaminated diet (NCD), and iii) NCD+0.2% YCW adsorbent (NCDD). The NCD decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) of 0 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 0 to 42 d, and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of 22 to 42 d and 0 to 42 d. Both the breast meat percentage and thigh meat percentage of the NCD group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of the control group on d 21. The NCD group showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) on both d 21 and d 42 compared to the control group. However, the NCD significantly reduced (p<0.01) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on d 42 compared to controls. Compared with the NCD, supplementation with YCW significantly improved (p<0.01) the ADG of 0 to 21 d and 0 to 42 d, and increased (p<0.01) concentrations of HDL on d 42, and on d 21, and triglycerides (p<0.05) on d 21 and d 42. Supplementation with YCW reduced (p<0.01) the breast meat percentage, the thigh meat percentage, the concentrations of cholesterol (p<0.01) and the low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) on d 21, and improved (p<0.01) the splenic Hsp70 mRNA expression levels compared with the NCD group. The results of this study indicated that feeding NCD for 42 d had adverse effects on broiler chickens, and that YCW might be beneficial in counteracting the effects of mycotoxins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.788-801
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.802-811
• /
• 2020

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sucralose on diet preference and growth performance of weaned piglets, and a third experiment was a 28-d safety study to examine if high-dose sucralose could affect the health state of weaned piglets. Methods: In experiment one, 48 piglets had free access to a corn-soybean based diet and the same diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose for 15 d. In experiment two, 180 piglets were blocked into 5 treatments with 6 replications. They were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg sucralose for 28 days. In experiment three, 108 piglets were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and fed diets supplemented with 0, 150 (suitable level), and 1,500 (ten-fold suitable level) mg/kg sucralose for 28 d. Results: The experiment 1 showed that piglets preferred (p<0.05) diets containing sucralose during experimental period. In experiment 2, piglets fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs in the control group and other treatment groups during the experiment period. The concentrations of sucralose over 150 mg/kg may decrease feed intake. However, no difference in feed conversion ratio was observed. In experiment 3, piglets fed diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher ADG and ADFI than that of pigs in the control group and 1,500 mg/kg treatment groups during the experiment period. Clinical blood metabolites, organ index and histological morphology were not significantly different between sucralose treatments. Conclusion: Sucralose can promote feed intake and thereby improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, inclusion of 1,500 mg/kg sucralose was demonstrated to have no observed adverse effects. Supplementing 150 mg/kg sucralose for weaned piglets is recommended in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.1006-1013
• /
• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1.1-1.14
• /
• 2020

Background: Dietary protein requirements are dependent on a variety of factors and water temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting protein requirement of fish. This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate effects of water temperature on dietary protein requirement of fry Heteropneustes fossilis which has high demand in most of the Asian markets. Methods: Quadruplicate groups of 30 fish per treatment (2.97 ± 0.65 cm; 5.11 ± 0.34 g) were fed seven isoenergetic diets (17.9 kJ g^-1 gross energy; 14.99 kJ g^-1 digestible energy) containing dietary protein levels ranging from 28 to 52% at two water temperatures (18 and 26 ℃). Experimental diets were fed to apparent satiation as semi-moist cakes thrice daily at 17:00, 12:00, and 17:30 h for 12 weeks. For precise information, various growth parameters, protein deposition, hematological parameters, metabolic enzymes, and stress response were analyzed, and effects of water temperature on dietary protein requirement was recommended on the basis of response from above parameters. Results: Groups held at 26 ℃ attained best growth, feed conversion, and protein deposition at 44% dietary protein indicating that temperature affected dietary protein requirement for optimum growth of H. fossilis fry and protein requirement seems to be satisfied with 44% dietary protein. Interestingly, interactive effects of both dietary protein levels and temperature were not found (P > 0.05). Fish reared at 18 ℃ had comparatively higher values for aspartate and alanine transferases than those reared at 26 ℃ water temperature which exhibited normal physiological value for these enzymes indicating that body metabolism was normal at this temperature. Hematological parameters also followed same pattern. Furthermore, fish reared at 26 ℃ water temperature exhibited more resistant to thermal stress (P < 0.05). The 95% maximum plateau of protein deposition data using second-degree polynomial regression analyses exhibited dietary protein requirement of fry H. fossilis between 40.8 and 41.8% of diet at 26 ℃ water temperature. The recommended range of dietary protein level and protein/digestible energy ratio for fry H. fossilis is 40.8-41.8% and 27.21-27.88 mg protein kJ^-1 digestible energy, respectively. Conclusions: Information developed is of high significance for optimizing growth potential by making better utilization of nutrient at 26 ℃ and, to develop effective management strategies for mass culture of this highly preferred fish species.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.187-202
• /
• 1984

There are evidences that exogenous electric currents are capable of enhancing bone formation and resolution, and that the conversion of the bioelectric response to biochemical activity provides the directional component of orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, evidence has implicated cyclic nucleotides in alveolar bone cellular activation mechanism during orthodontic tooth movement. In view of these evidences, this study was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous electric currents on cyclic nuclotide levels in feline alveolar bone and the possible clinical application of electric currents as an additional orthodontic tool. In the first study, three groups of three adult cats were subjected to application of a constant direct current of $10{\pm}2$ microamperes to gingival tissue near maxillary canine noninvasively for 1, 3, and 7 days respectively. In the second study, three groups of three adult cats each were treated by an electric-orthodontic procedure for 1, 3, and 7 days respectively. The left maxillary (control) canine received an orthodontic force of 80gm alone at time of initiation, while the right maxillary (experimental) canine received combined force-electric stimulation (80gm of force and $10{\pm}2$ microamperes of a constant D.C. currents). Alveola, bone samples were obtain from the mesial (tension and/or cathode) and the distal (compression and/or anode) sites surrounding maxillary canines as well as from contralateral control sites. The samples were extracted, boiled, homogenized, and the supernatants were assayed for cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) by a radioimmunoassay method. And also the amount of tooth movement was measured in the second study. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The fluctuation pattern of cyclic nucleotide levels in alveolar bone treated by exogenous electric currents was similar to that treated by orthodontic force. 2. The cAMP levels in alveolar bone of electrically treated teeth significantly elevated above the control values. And of electrically treated teeth, the values of the anode sites were higher than those of the cathode sites. 9. The cGMP levels in alveolar bone of electrically treated teeth elevated above the control values at the initiation phase of treatment, but dropped below the control values at time of termination. And of electrically treated teeth, the values of the cathode sites were higher than those of the anode sites. 4. The rate of tooth movement in teeth . treated by force-electric combination increased with the length of treatment as compared to that treated by mechanical force alone.