• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2021

버섯의 섭취는 버섯의 유용 성분에 의해 면역체계 및 장내미생물균총의 변화를 유발한다. 그중 많이 알려진 β-glucan 구조 기반 물질들은 염증매개물질의 분비는 억제하고 대식세포의 활성은 유발하여 면역력의 증진을 도와인체의 면역기능을 증진시킨다. 직접적인 유용 성분 이외의 다른 물질은 장내 미생물균총에 의해 단쇄지방산으로 변화되며, 변화된 단쇄지방산은 면역 및 다양한 질병의 완화를 유발하게 된다. 버섯이 포함하고 있는 성분은 β-glucan 외에도 장내미생물균총을 변화하게 유도하는 prebiotic로써의 역할을 수행하게 된다. 변화된 장내미생물균총은 외부로부터 들어오는 다양한 감염성 균의 감염을 막으며, 면역체계의 균형 유지를 도우며, 질병을 예방하게 된다. 국내 섭취 빈도가 높은 새송이, 표고, 느타리, 팽이, 목이, 양송이 버섯의 유용 성분의 탐색, 장내미생물균총의 변화 및 섭취 시 인체의 단쇄지방산 변화 연구는 추후 버섯의 유용 성분, 장내미생물 및 질병과의 인과관계를 풀어내는데 기여할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the toxicity of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (ASN) pharmacopuncture. Methods: To investigate the toxicity of ASN pharmacopuncture, single and 4-week repeated dose toxicity experiments were conducted on BALB/c mice. In the single-dose toxicity experiment, mice were assigned 1 of 4 groups (5 males, 5 females per group). Then, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg/kg of ASN pharmacopuncture were administered to the mice in the experimental groups at acupoint ST36, while 0.2 mL of normal saline was administered to the control group at ST36. After a 4-week repeated dose regimen, the mice were assigned into 4 groups (5 males, 5 females per group). Then, 15.625, 31.25, and 62.5 mg/kg of ASN pharmacopuncture at ST36 were administered to the mice in the experimental groups, while 0.2 mL of normal saline was administered to the control group at ST36. Mortality, morbidity, general body and organ weight changes (after 4 weeks repeated dose), serum hematological and biochemical values, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were observed. Results: In both single and 4-week repeated dose toxicity experiments, no deaths or symptoms occurred in any of the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of body and organ weights, serum hematological and biochemical values, and specific organ histopathological changes. Conclusion: ASN pharmacopuncture injection did not demonstrate significant toxicity in BALB/c mice compared with the control group, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level for a single dose of >125 mg/kg, and for 4 weeks repeated dose it was more than 62.5 mg/kg/day.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2005

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding CLA and coumarin on the changes of biochemical composition of velvet antler and blood serum in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). There were no significant differences between treatments in crude protein, crude fiber, and crude ash contents of velvet antler. The content of fatty acid did not differ between treatments, although there were significant differences (P<0.05) in C16:0 and C20:0. The content of collagen was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control than those in CLA and coumarin treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments in the contents of amino acids. Some constituents of blood showed much differences in comparison of pre and post-experiment for all treatments. Feeding of CLA and coumarin was not influential on the chemical composition of velvet antler and blood serum.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1998

고농도 유기폐수인 양돈 폐수에 광합성 미생물(Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1)을 접종하고 여기에 공기를 160 mL/min 주입함으로써 양돈분뇨의 악취제거 효과를 조사하였다. 7일 동안 1일 간격으로 이화학적 변화를 검토하였다. 검토 결과 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 20,000ppm인 양돈폐수의 경우 호기적 조건과, Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1 접종한 경우 volatile fatty acids(VFAs)의 제거율이 87.0%였으며, BOD제거율 54.6%, $PO_4-P$는 54.5%의 감소를 보였고, PH, $NH_3$ 등은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. T-N, T-P, $NO_3-N$, $NO_2-N$, $H_2S-N$, mercaptane 등은 별다른 증감율을 보이지 않고 일정하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.1174-1179
• /
• 2006

The wild-type Corynebacterium glutamicum ATIC 13032 and Corynebacterium glutamicum ATTC 13032 lysC S301Y, exhibiting a deregulated aspartokinase, were compared concerning growth, lysine production, and intracellular carbon fluxes. Both strains differ by only one single nucleotide over the whole genome. In comparison to the wild-type, the mutant showed significant production of lysine with a molar yield of 0.087 mol (mol glucose$^{-1}$) whereas the biomass yield was reduced. The deregulation of aspartokinase further led to a global rearrangement of carbon flux throughout the whole central metabolism. This involved an increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and an increased flux through anaplerosis. Because of this, the mutant revealed an enhanced supply of NADPH and oxaloacetate required for lysine biosynthesis. Additionally, the lumped flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzyme, withdrawing oxaloacetate back to the glycolysis and therefore detrimental for lysine production, was increased. The reason for this might be a contribution of malic enzyme to NADPH supply in the mutant in the mutant. The observed complex changes are remarkable, because they are due to the minimum genetic modification possible, the exchange of only one single nucleotide.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.154-160
• /
• 2012

This study the effects of Cu exposure on biochemical factors in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the abalone $Haliotis$ $discus$ $hannai$. Abalone were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ${\mu}g/L$ Cu for 4 weeks. The calcium concentrations in hemolymph were decreased significantly on exposure to 20 and 40 ${\mu}g/L$ Cu after 2 weeks. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in abalone hemolymph were markedly elevated after exposure to 40 ${\mu}g/L$ Cu for 4 weeks. The hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were also significantly increased by exposure to 20 ${\mu}g/L$ Cu for 4 weeks. These biochemical factors may represent a convenient method of monitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal areas. From these results, we conclude that a high copper concentration (40 ${\mu}g/L$) in water may curtail hemolymph homeostasis and anti-oxidative reactions in abalone.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2018

This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase $A_2$ from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2006

Previous studies showed that Cdc7 kinase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe phosphorylated the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex efficiently in the presence of spMcm10 protein. The biochemical properties of the phosphorylated Mcm complexes were examined to understand the activation mechanism of the Mcm complex by Cdc7 kinase. The phosphorylation of Mcm complex in the presence of spMcm10 by Cdc7 kinase did not affect the stability of the Mcm complex containing all six subunits, and the changes in the sedimentation properties were not observed after the phosphorylation. The reconstitution of the Mcm complex using the purified proteins showed that the phosphorylation of Mcm2 proteins did not affect the interactions between Mcm proteins. The phosphorylation of the Mcm2-7 complex at the same condition also did not activate the other biochemical activities such as DNA helicase and single stranded (ss) DNA binding activities. On the other hand, spMcm10 protein that was used for the stimulation of Mcm phosphorylation showed single stranded DNA binding activity, and inhibited the DNA helicase activity of the Mcm4/6/7 complex. These inhibitory effects were reduced by the addition of Cdc7 kinase, suggesting that the phosphorylation by Cdc7 kinase decreased the interactions between spMcm10 and the Mcm complex. Taken together, these results suggested that the phosphorylation by Cdc7 kinase alone is not sufficient for the remodeling and the activation of the Mcm complex, and the additional factors or the phosphorylations might be required for the activation of the Mcm complex.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2006

It has been reported that taking a proper amount of calcium and vitamin D helps to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and is effective in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. This study investigated the supplementary effects of calcium and vitamin D on postmenopausal women who had osteoporosis and used calcium and vitamin D supplements. The study subjects consisted of osteoporotic postmenopausal women who were recruited from the Department of Orthopedics in a university-affiliated hospital. Sixty-seven study subjects were orally administrated 1,000 mg of calcium (calcium carbonate) and 2.5 mg of active vitamin D (1-$\alpha$ hydroxyvitamin D) (cholecalciferol 250 IU) twice a day for a year and a half. BMD and biochemical markers were evaluated and repeated every six months. One year after the intervention test, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was significantly increased as compared to the baseline. Six months after supplement administration, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase began to decrease, and afterwards a significant difference was maintained Concentration of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D at 1.5 years was higher than that of the baseline. In comparison with that of the baseline, the level of urinary hydroxyproline in the study subjects over six months was significantly decreased This study continued that effects such as BMD improvement and changes in biochemical markers appeared at least one year after administration of supplements.

• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2008

The market sales of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables have grown rapidly in recent decades as a result of changes in consumer trend. Choosing the proper pretreatment of fruit and vegetables before minimally processing is very important because appearance is the most fundamental factors affecting the quality of fresh-cut products. This review describes the biochemical bases for color changes of fruit and vegetables including browning, discoloration, and color changes of carrots and alliums. Understanding pathway of pigments in minimally processed fruit and vegetable and preventing the way of color change should be emphasized for successive packaging system. This review also describes pretreatment of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables to improve the prolonging the shelf-life and maintenance of its qualities.