• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.734-738
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• 1996

The development of the alpha2 isoform of (Na,K)ATPase which is high affinity ouabain receptors was studied in the differentiating nonfusing muscle cell line BC3H-1. T he differentiation process of BC3H-1 cell line was confirmed by 2-dexy-D-[$^3$H] glucose uptake experiment and the quantity of the expression of ${\alpha}_2$ isoform was measured using a whole cell [$^3$H] ouabain-binding assay. Undifferentiated growing BC3H-1 cells, myoblasts, exhibited low levels of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and [$^3$H] ouabain-binding sites. In contrast, differentiated BC3H-1 cells, myocytes, had a 5.6-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and 5-fold increase in [$^3$H] ouabain-binding sites. Scatchard analysis showed that myocytes developed more [$^3$H] ouabain-binding sites than myoblasts vath a dissociation constant (kd) of 6${\times}10^{-8}$M and capacity of 6.l${\times}10^{-5}$ sites/cell. Therefore. it seems that myoblasts express low levels of ${\alpha}_2$ subunit and probably the majority of ${\alpha}_1$ subunit, whereas myocytes express high levels of ${\alpha}_2$ isoform. The results indicate that the expression of ${\alpha}_2$ isoform is developmentally regulated during differentiation and that BC3H-1 culture system provides an excellent model for the study of differentiation and mechanism of (Na,K)ATPase action in muscle which requires electrical excitability.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2008

Polygonatum cyrtonema Lectin (PCL), which is classified as a monocot mannose-binding lectin, has received great regards for its uniquely biological activities and potentially medical applications in cancer cells. This paper was initially aimed to study apoptosis of PCL on Hela cells. Thus, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was carried out. Through observation of cell morphologic changes and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity-based cytotoxicity assays, PCL induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. To further gain structural basis, multiple alignments, homology modeling and docking experiments were performed to analyze the correlation between its biological activities and mannose-binding sites. Eventually, considering docking data, chemical modification properties on the three mannose-binding sites were analyzed by a series of biological experiments (e.g., hemagglutinating and mitogenic activity assays, fluorescence and Circular Dichrosim (CD) spectroscopy) to profoundly identify the role of some key amino acids in the structure-function relationship of PCL.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2003

The promoter that plays a very important role in gene expression as a signal part has various binding sites for transcription factors. These binding sites are located on various parts in promoter region and have highly conserved consensus sequence patterns. This paper presents a new method for the consensus pattern search in promoter regions using genetic algorithm, which adopts the assumption of N-occurrence-per-dataset model of MEME algorithm and employs the advantage of Wataru method in determining the pattern length. Our method will be employed by genome researchers who try to predict the promoter region on anonymous DNA sequence and to find out the binding site for a specific transcription factor.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1993

Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ from activated T cell or macrophage, which is small inducible cytokine of unkown biological function, has been shown to display inflammation chemokinetic activities, as well as myelosuppressive effect on more immature progenitor cells. In this paper we show the $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression and the presence of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ binding sites from murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, and primary cells of mouse bone marrow and spleen. $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA was induced from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7, but not inhibited by cyclosporin A treatment, and also was expressed from mouse splenocyted and bone marrow cell which were not increased by ferritin or lactoferrin treatment. The results of receptor binding assay showed that radiolabeled RAW 264.7 cell with kd value of 0.91 nM, and binding sites per cell of 378. bone marrow cell and splenocyte also appeared to have $MIP-1{\alpha}$ binding sites 33 and 11 per cell, respectiviely.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3601-3606
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• 2014

Single nucleotide polymorphisms located at microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites are likely to affect the expression of miRNA targets and may contribute to the susceptibility of humans to common diseases. Here 335 candidate lung cancer-related inflammatory genes were selected according to the existing literature and database. We identified putative miRNA-binding sites of 149 genes by specialised algorithms and screened SNPs in the 3'UTRs of these genes. By calculating binding free energy, we sorted 269 SNPs on the basis of the possibility of prediction. The proposed approach could help to easy the identification of functionally relevant SNPs and minimize the workflow and the costs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Biosorption technology is recognized as an economically feasible alternative for the removal and/or recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater sources. However, the structure of biosorbents is quite complex when compared with synthetic ion-exchange resins, which makes it difficult to quantify the ion-binding sites. Accordingly, this report describes a well-defined method to characterize the pK values and numbers of biomass functional groups from potentiometric titration data. When the proposed method was applied to Sargassum polycystum biomass as a model biosorbent, it was found that the biomass contained three types of functional groups. In addition, the carboxyl group (pK=$3.7{\pm}0.09$) was found to be the major binding sites ($2.57{\pm}0.06 mmol/g$) for positively-charged heavy-metal ions.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.552-555
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• 1995

Treatment of microsomal vesicles isolated from etiolated Pisum sativum L cv. Alaska epicotyl tissue with agents inhibiting protein dephosphorylation, namely NaF and/or ATP, resulted in increased binding of the phytotropin NPA to the putative auxin efflux carriers localized on the plasma membrane. The phytotropin effect was especially conspicuous if the vesicles were simultaneously treated with Triton X-100. Kinetic analysis of the binding indicated the existance of two distinct sites for NPA, each having different affinities. Increased binding of the phytotropin to the membrane where protein dephosphorylation was inhibited was attributable to the increased ligand affinity of both sites. Treatment of tissue segments with flubride was found to enhance in vivo auxin transport. Implications of covalent modification of the auxin efflux carrier complex for the regulation of membrane transport of auxin molecules are discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2001

The interaction between tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) with bovine ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ has been investigated at pH = 9 and at $37^{\circ}C$ by isothermal titration calorimetry, equilibrium dialysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods. The binding data from unusual Scatchard plot have been analyzed in terms of the Hill equation for three sets of binding sites. The calorimetric data show that TTAB interacts endothermically with ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ and causes protein unfolding below 2 mM concentration of TTAB, which is confirmed by spectrophotometric data. The unfolding of the protein would be mainly due to occupation of the second set of binding sites.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1911-1920
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• 2005

Effective artificial metalloproteases have been designed by using cross-linked polystyrene as the backbone. Artificial active sites comprising Cu(II) complexes as the catalytic site and other metal centers or organic functionalities as binding sites were synthesized. The activity of Cu(II) centers for peptide hydrolysis was greatly enhanced on attachment to polystyrene. By placing binding sites in proximity to the catalytic centers, the ability to hydrolyze a variety of protein substrates at selected cleavage sites was improved. Thus far, the most advanced immobile artificial proteases have been obtained by attaching the aldehyde group in proximity to the Cu(II) complex of cyclen.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.978-983
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• 2004

The effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GLZ) on protein binding of diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine were investigated. Protein binding studies (human serum, human serum albumin (HSA) and (X1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)) were conducted using the equilibrium dialysis method with and without addition of GLZ. The binding parameters, such as the number of moles of bound drug per mole of protein, the number of binding sites per protein molecule, and the association con-stant, were estimated using the Scatchard plot. The serum binding of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem was displaced with addition of GLZ, and the decreases of Ks for serum were observed. GLZ decreased the association constants of three drugs for HSA and AAG, while the binding capacity remained similar with addition of GLZ. Although the characteristics of interaction were not clear, GLZ seemed to mainly affect HSA binding of nifedipine rather than AAG binding, while GLZ seemed to affect both AAG- and HSA-bindings of verapamil and dilt-iazem resulting in a serum binding displacement.