• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.978-983
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• 2004

The effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GLZ) on protein binding of diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine were investigated. Protein binding studies (human serum, human serum albumin (HSA) and (X1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)) were conducted using the equilibrium dialysis method with and without addition of GLZ. The binding parameters, such as the number of moles of bound drug per mole of protein, the number of binding sites per protein molecule, and the association con-stant, were estimated using the Scatchard plot. The serum binding of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem was displaced with addition of GLZ, and the decreases of Ks for serum were observed. GLZ decreased the association constants of three drugs for HSA and AAG, while the binding capacity remained similar with addition of GLZ. Although the characteristics of interaction were not clear, GLZ seemed to mainly affect HSA binding of nifedipine rather than AAG binding, while GLZ seemed to affect both AAG- and HSA-bindings of verapamil and dilt-iazem resulting in a serum binding displacement.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

칼라콘택트렌즈는 의료용으로 사용되기 시작하여 최근 들어 미용의 목적으로 그 수요가 급격히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 칼라콘택트렌즈의 제조방법으로는 pigment application method, pigment inlay method, sandwich method, binding method 등이 있는데 현재 국내에서는 binding method가 주로 사용된다. 칼라 콘택트렌즈의 용도와 제조 방법 면에서 채색(tinted)과 착색(cosmetic)으로 크게 분류되는데 채색은 염색방식으로 널리 알려진 방법이며, 착색은 박막공법에 의해 제조된다. 이에 따라 본 해설의 목적은 칼라콘택트렌즈의 제조방법 및 방법에 따른 특성을 비교하고, 칼라콘택트렌즈의 특성을 이해하는데 도움을 주기 위함이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2002

Binding of dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) to human and bovine hemoglobin and globin samples has been investigated in 50 mM glycine buffer pH = 10, I = 0.0318 and 300 K by equilibrium dialysis and temperature scanning spectrophotometry techniques and method for calculation of average hydrophobicity. The binding data has been analyzed, in terms of binding capacity concept $({\theta})$, Hill coefficient (nH) and intrinsic Gibbs free energy of binding $({\Delta}Gbv).$ The results of binding data, melting point (Tm) and average hydrophobicity show that human hemoglobin has more structural stability than bovine hemoglobin sample. Moreover the results of binding data analysis represent the systems with two and one sets of binding sites for hemoglobin and globin, respectively. It seems that the destabilization of hemoglobin structure due to removal of heme group, is responsible of such behavior. The results indicating the removal of heme group from hemoglobin caused the depletion of first binding set as an electrostatic site upon interaction with DTAB and exposing the hydrophobic patches for protein.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제13A권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2006

어플리케이션에서 XML 데이터를 이용하기 위한 방법으로 XML 타입 정의에 맞는 클래스를 생성하고 데이터의 인터페이스를 담당하게 하는 XML 바인딩 방법이 있다. 그런데 이러한 방법을 지원하는 기존의 바인딩 프레임워크에서는 XML 정의 문법에서 정의된 모든 요소에 대해 클래스를 생성하여 클래스의 수가 많아지고 전체 어플리케이션의 복잡도가 높아지는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 XML 정의 문법에서 XML 바인딩 클래스 생성이 필요한 요소들을 추출하는 인라인 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 바인딩 클래스생성 방법은 반복과 재귀 등의 경우에만 클래스를 생성하고 터미널 요소의 값은 필드로 표현하는 클래스를 생성한다. 그리고 인라인된 요소들의 경로를 회복하여 XML 문서를 생성하기 위한 마샬링 알고리즘을 소개한다. 제안된 방법을 검증하기 위하여 IBinder 시스템을 개발하고 생성된 결과를 기존의 방법과 비교하였다. 그 결과 IBinder 시스템에서 생성된 XML 바인딩 클래스의 수가 크게 줄어드는 것을 보일 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2717-2722
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• 2009

The use of the classification and regression tree (CART) methodology was studied in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) context on a data set consisting of the binding affinities of 39 imidazobenzodiazepines for the α1 benzodiazepine receptor. The 3-D structures of these compounds were optimized using HyperChem software with semiempirical AM1 optimization method. After optimization a set of 1481 zero-to three-dimentional descriptors was calculated for each molecule in the data set. The response (dependent variable) in the tree model consisted of the binding affinities of drugs. Three descriptors (two topological and one 3D-Morse descriptors) were applied in the final tree structure to describe the binding affinities. The mean relative error percent for the data set is 3.20%, compared with a previous model with mean relative error percent of 6.63%. To evaluate the predictive power of CART cross validation method was also performed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 1985

The binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-edible dyes was studied by spectrophotometric method. The edible dyes used in this study were amaranth, erythrosine, tartrazine and sunset yellow. The binding free energies and binding sites were determined at pH 7.4. The ranges of edible dye concentration were from 0.3 to $7{\times}10^{-5}$M, and those of BSA were from 0.15 to $3{\times}10^{-5}$M. The binding free energies of BSA-edible dyes were from -6, 300 to -8, 100 cal/mole.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1981

To investigate the protein binding characteristics of ibuprofenlysine, the effects of drub conentration, pH, ionic strength and protein concentration on the binding of drug to protein concentration on the binding of drug to protein were studied by fluorescence probe method. The conformational change of protein was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) measurement. As the concentration of drug increases, the association constant decreases. These may be due to complex formation of the probe and drug, or the interaction of the protein-probe complex and drug. The association constant for ibuprofenlysine increased with increasing protein concentration. These finding suggest a sharing of one ibuprofenlysine molecule by more than one protein molecule in the binding. The binding between ibuprofenlysine and protein was dependent on pH and ionic strength. It seems that both hydrophobic binding and some electrostatic forces are involved in the binding of ibuprofenlysing to protein.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.523-526
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• 2001

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.770-774
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• 2012

Protein loops are often involved in diverse biological functions, and some functional loops show conformational changes upon ligand binding. Since this conformational change is directly related to ligand binding pose and protein function, there have been numerous attempts to predict this change accurately. In this study, we show that it is plausible to obtain meaningful ensembles of loop conformations for flexible, ligand-binding protein loops efficiently by applying a loop modeling method. The loop modeling method employs triaxial loop closure algorithm for trial conformation generation and conformational space annealing for global energy optimization. When loop modeling was performed on the framework of ligand-free structure, loop structures within $3\AA$ RMSD from the crystal loop structure for the ligand-bound state were sampled in 4 out of 6 cases. This result is encouraging considering that no information on the ligand-bound state was used during the loop modeling process. We therefore expect that the present loop modeling method will be useful for future developments of flexible protein-ligand docking methods.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6는 Binding Update를 지역적으로 관리함으로써 기존의 Mobile IPv6의 성능을 향상시킨 메커니즘이다. 이렇게 향상된 Handover Delay로 인하여 지연에 민감한 서비스들의(예를 들어, VoIP나 비디오 스트리밍(Video Streaming)) 지원이 좀 더 실현 가능해졌다. 하지만 기존 MIPv6와 비교해 볼 때, HMIPv6에서는 Local Binding Update와 관련된 보안 위협 사항이 새로이 생겨나게 되었으며 이는 반드시 해결되어야 할 문제임에도 불구하고 정확한 표준이 제시되지 않은 상황이다. 또한 많은 연구의 초점이 AAA나 인증서 기반의 PKI 등에 맞춰져 있는데, 이러한 Infrastructure 기반의 인증 방법은 실제 네트워크에 도입되었을 때 범용적으로 사용하기에는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수정된 Return Routability 메커니즘을 적용하여 Local Binding Update를 인증하는 방안을 제안하며 아울러 이동 노드로 하여금 단말기의 파워(power)를 절약하게 하는 방안도 제공한다.