• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 1983

These studies were conducted in an attempt to investigate effects of 'Daeshiho-Tang' on the blood vessels, activities of liver enzyme and excretory action of bile juice in serum of $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rabbits, glucose and total cholesterol levels in serum of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The result of these studies were summarized as follows; 1. Hypotensive ind vaso-dilatating actions due to vascular smooth muscle relaxation were noted in frogs, rabbits and dogs. 2. GOT, GPT and total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rabbits showed significant depressive effects. 3. Significantly increased biliary secretary effect was noted in $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rabbits. 4. Glucose and total cholesterol levels showed markedly decraese in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Considering the experimental studies results, it is suggested that 'Daeshiho-Tang' has therapeutic efficacy to treat febrile diseses and metabolic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1994

An experiment was conducted to establish a large scale production method of anti-serum against chicken IgA and to profile the developmental changes of serum IgA levels during the feeding period(from hatching to 7 weeks of age) in broiler chicks. Blood samples were taken from Hubbard chicken at the age of hatching, 3 days of age, and weekly thereafter till to 7 weeks of age. The pure IgA was isolated from ammonium sulfate treated chicken bile juice by gel filtration chromatography ( Sepharose GL-6B) - The quantitative assay of serum IgA were carried by RID method. Developmental changes of serum IgA concentrations were 0.42 mg /mL at hatching, thereafter dicreased gradually, lowest at 1 week of age(0.17 mg /mL), and gradually increased to 7 weeks of age(2.73 mg /mL). There was no sexual difference in serum IgA level, but female chicks showed higher IgA levels than male chicks during the experimental period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1987

An epizootic of calf diarrhea occurred in an extensive dairy farm located in Gangwondo province in December of 1985. The patients showing fever, chills, complete anorexia and watery diarrhea sometimes dysentery were concentrated among the calves ranged from 8 days to 3 months old and many of them died in acute course. The five carcases were examined by pathological and bacteriological means. The predominant gross lesions were edematous swelling of the mesenteric lymph nodes, profuse catarrhal or diphtheritic enteritis and extensive purulent bronchopnenomonia or lobar fibrinous pneumonia. Microscopically the lesions of the liver and spleen were characterized by coagulative necrotic foci and granulomatous nodules. The spleen and lymph node showed also proliferative changes of reticular cells and involution of intestinal lymphatic nodules were noticed. The strains of Salmonella(S) species isolated from the liver, spleen, bile juice, peritoneal fluid and thoracic fluid were identified serologically as S. dublin. These clinical and pathological findings of the disease were those of acute enteritis form of salmonellosis and characterized by high morbidity and mortality among the calf herd. The report also signifies the first description of an epizootic of bovine salmonellosis caused by S. dublin in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.957-965
• /
• 2010

To develop a new starter culture for fermented milk, Streptococcus macedonicus LC743 was isolated from raw milk and its physiological characteristics were investigated. S. macedonicus LC743 showed good immunomodulating activity compared to the index LAB starters tested. The optimum growth temperature of S. macedonicus LC743 was $40^{\circ}C$, and it took 18 h to reach pH 4.34 under these conditions. S. macedonicus LC743 showed higher sensitivity to novobiocin in a comparison of 15 different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to gentamycin. It also showed higher activities of leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid and displayed high resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 80.0%, 68.42%, and 81.54% respectively. These results demonstrate that S. macedonicus LC743 could be an excellent starter culture for fermented milk with a high level of immunomodulating activity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2000

A new technique has been developed for the preparation of Lactobacillus microcapsules to enhance the stability against high temperature, humidity, gastric acid and bile acid. Employing fluidized bed coating, primary sub-coating was processed in non-organic solvent system, so that Lactobacillus did not directly contact with organic solvent. Secondary enteric-coating was processed in organic solvent with low temperature $(below\;33^{\circ}C)$ technique, which minimized the heat labilability of Lactobacillus. Survival rate of Lactobacillus within microcapsule was not less than 95% and acid tolerance was above 30% in the artificial gastric acid. Further more it was dissolved in the artificial intestine juice within 2-3 hr. Average size of Lactobacillus microcapsules was $450\;{\mu}m$(25-50 mesh) and its viability was above 90% in the direct tableting.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.374-380
• /
• 2011

Earlier in Korea Kimchi was made in every family and every province has own taste and specialties. These days almost of the Kimchis are manufactured. We collected variable Kimchis, which were made for private use and isolated microorganisms. Some interesting micobial cells were identified and studied for its application as food and drinks. One of them was identified as Lactobacillus sakei KJ123. This strain is known as producing interesting aromatic components during Sakei fermentation like Kimchi in variable conditions. We tried to develop a health beverage with fermentation process. The Cucurbita maxima has been known as a traditional healthy food and variable positive effects on the human body were already reported. In this study we tried to develop a production process for a healthy fermented drink on this substrate with strains originated from Kimchi. Many kinds of lacctobacilli species existed in the fermented food cannot survive in the acidic conditions like human stomach. So we selected resisting strains in this conditions. The survival rate of Lactobacillus sakei cells in the artificial gastric juice and bile acid and other physiological characteristics at the variable conditions have been tested. After fermentation process some sensory tests on the product with panels were tried.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 2010

In order to develop a new starter for fermented milk, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BFI46 (BFI46) obtained from new-born infant feces was investigated for physiological characteristics. Good immunomodulating activity was evident compared with commercial lactic acid bacteria starter cultures. The optimum growth temperature of BFI46 was $40^{\circ}C$ with 12 h required to reach pH 4.3. Testing with 13 different antibiotics revealed greatest sensitivity of BFI46 to penicillin- G and chloramphenicol, and heightened resistance to neomycin, kanamycin and polymyxin. BFI46 displayed higher esterase activities compared to 18 other enzymes, was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and able to survive at pH 2 for 3 h, and displayed high resistance against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium with a survival rate of 57.14% and 96.36%, respectively. The results indicate that BFI46 could be an excellent starter culture for fermented milk with high level of immunomodulating activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.506-515
• /
• 1995

The cultural characteristics of 60 strains of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria which were isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable food, and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum, Leu. paramesenteroides, Leu. lactis, Lactobacillus bavaricus and Lac. homohiochii were tested. All strains grew at $5^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$ in tomato glucose broth, but not at $45^{\circ}C$. The optimum growth temperature of Leu. mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sp. were $33{\sim}34^{\circ}C\;and\;34{\sim}36^{\circ}C$, respectively. All strains of Leu. mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sp. grew at 4.8 and 4.2 of initial pH, but not at 4.0. The final pH of Leu. mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sp. in glucose broth were $3.84{\sim}4.10\;and\;3.82{\sim}3.99$, respectively. None of the 60 strains clotted milk nor reduced litmus in litmus milk. All strains of Leu. mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sp. grew in tomato glucose broth containing 7% ethanol or 6.5% NaCl, but not in the broth containing 15% ethanol or 10% NaCl. All strains grew in tomato glucose broth containing 40% bile juice and survived in the artificial gastric juice of pH 3.5. Furthermore, all strains of Leu. mesenteroides survived in the artificial gastric juice of pH 3.0. Since many strains of lactic acid bacteria tested in this study showed differences in several physiological characteristics from those described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, it was considered that further tests would be necessary to clarify their positions in taxonomic system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to select the lactic acid bacteria producing ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (lactase) and investigate the properties of the ${\beta}-galactosidase$. About 100 strains of lactic acid bacteria showing blue colony on the MRS agar medium containing X-gal were isolated from several kinds of Kimchi. Among them, 2 strains were selected as potential ${\beta}-galactosidase$ producers. The selected strains, ET-1 and LA-12, were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and L. acidophilus, respectively by the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. They showed relatively high ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and cellular viability. Their ${\beta}-galactosidase$ showed the highest activity at $55^{\circ}C$. And the optimum pHs of the enzymes produced by ET-1 and LA-12 were pH 5.5 and pH 7.0, respectively. They were also highly resistant to artificial gastric juice and bile. Two selected strains showed little change of viable cell number for 3 hr incubation in artificial gastric juice, and maintained the viable cell number at $10^8CFU/ml$ for 24 hr in 0.3% oxgall after incubation for 2 hours in artificial gastric juice. Based on these results, ET-1 and LA-12 are expected to be applied in dairy industry.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.364-373
• /
• 2003

Purpose: For good quality of myocardial perfusion images, an approximately 30 min to 1 hour of waiting time after radiopharmaceutical injection and ingestion of fatty meal are asked of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the shortening of waiting time after radiopharmaceutical injection and improvement of image quality using natural plant extracts that promote bile excretion. Materials and Methods: Ten volunteers participated in protocol 1 (7 men, 3 women; mean age, $24.1{\pm}2.4$ years) and protocol 2 (8 men, 2 women; mean age, $26.1{\pm}2.9$ years), respectively. For the modified method of both protocols, subjects took natural plant extracts 15 minutes before the first injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI without laking fatty meals. Control (Conventional) methods were peformed with intake of a fatty meal 20 to 30 minutes after $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI injection. Results: As the results of protocol 1 and 2, the ratio of myocardial to lung ratio were not different between modified and conventional method. Liver to lung ratio of modified method showed significantly lower value than that of conventional method. In modified method, myocardial to liver ratio was higher persistently. In protocol 2, natural plant extracts took before the first injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI exerted accelerating effect of excretion of bile juice into Intestine until the end of examination. Conclusion: These results represent that natural plant extracts for facilitation of bile excretion before injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI may provide better quality of myocardial perfusion images without the need for preparations such as ingestion of fatty meal within the 2 hours compared with conventional method.