• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2000

Object : This study was carried out to examine the effect of Bupleuri Radix on experimental cholestasis, and make clear apart of this mechanism. Methods : Two models of common bile duct ligation group and taurocholate load group after common bile duct ligation were induced, and Bupleuri Radix extract was taken orally for 14 days. In the 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after treatment, the mitochondrial and microsomal monoamine oxidase(MAO) A and B activities in liver were measured. Results : The mitochondrial MAO A and B activities increased in both Blupleuri Radix treated group after common bile duct ligation and Blupleuri Radix treated group after taurocholate load and common bile duct ligation. MAO A increased in Blupleuri Radix treated group after taurocholate load and common bile duct ligation, and MAO B increased in Blupleuri Radix treated group after common bile duct ligation. The microsomal MAO A activities increased in both Blupleuri Radix treated group after common bile duct ligation and Blupleuri Radix treated group after taurocholate load and common bile duct ligation. Conclusion : According to the result, it is consider that Blupleuri Radix not only improves cholestatis in liver, but also decreases a genetic synthesis of taurocholic acid.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.68-76
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• 2000

Object : This study was earned out to examine the effect of Bupleuri Radix on experimental cholestasis, and make clear a part of this mechanism. Methods : Two models of common bile duct ligation group and taurocholate load group after common bile duct ligation were induced, and Bupleuri Radix extract was taken orally for 14 days. In the 1, 2, 4, 7 and l4days after treatment, cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) activities in liver were measured. Results : The activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal COMT increased in the Blupleuri Radix treated group after common bile duct ligation and after taurocholate load and common bile duct ligation. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial COMT increased particularly in Blupleuri Radix treated group after taurocholate load and common bile duct ligation. Conclusions : According to the result, it is considered that Blupleuri Radix not only improves cholestatis in liver, but also decreases a genetic synthesis of taurocholic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.964-970
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• 2021

Extrahepatic duct duplication is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma with extrahepatic bile duct duplication was reported; however, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) with extrahepatic bile duct duplication has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We report a rare case of IPNB with extrahepatic bile duct duplication of a 64-year-old female. The patient underwent extended right hepatectomy, and the results of a subsequence histopathological examination were consistent with an IPNB with extrahepatic bile duct duplication. We report this rare case with radiologic imaging findings and a brief review of the current literature.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

To determine its usefulness and safety of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in common bile duct and pancreatic duct stones, we analyzed the results of 13 patients with common bile duct stones and 6 patients with pancreatic duct stones which were removed by endoscopic procedures using the balloon or basket, who was performed the extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy using the ultrasonography for stone localization with a spark gap type Lithotriptor(Dernier MPL 9000, Germany). Fragmentation and complete clearance of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct stones were obtained in 19 of 19 patients(100%). Apart from transient attacks of fever in 2 of 13 patients with common bile duct stones(15%) and mild elevation of serum amylase and lipase in 2 of 6 patients with pancreatic duct stones(33%), no other serious side effects were observed. In our experiences, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a safe and useful treatment for endoscopically unretrievable common bile duct and pancreatic duct stones.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.126-129
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• 1996

Spontaneous perforation of CBD in infant is a rare but fatal disease. We report a case of bile leakage from common bile duct in 11 months old girl with progressive abdominal distension and vomiting, preoperatively diagnosed by hepatobiliary scan with 99mTc-DISIDA, which was confirmed by surgery, Operative cholangiogram showed a small perforation at the confluence of cystic duct and common bile duct with mild fusiform dilatation, and no definite abnormality in confluence of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Simple drainage of the free peritoneal bilous fluid and T-tube drainage were performed without any evidence of the complication. Patient was inevitable for 6 months OPD follow-up examination.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2008

Reports about FDG PET in biliary tumor are limited and there are almost no reports regarding its efficacy. Biliary tumor is divided to intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and intrahepatic bile duct cancer can be further divided to peripheral type which occurs at lobular duct and hilar type which occurs at hepatic hilum. Surgical resection is the only curative method for bile duct tumor, and accurate staging plays an important role in deciding treatment modality. Among intrahepatic bile duct tumors, peripheral type and hilar type have the same histological characteristics, but different clinical manifestations and tumor growth pattern. On PET image, FDG uptake is also different between peripheral type and hilar type. Most of the former shows high FDG uptake at primary and metastasis site so it is very useful for determining stage and changing treatment plans. However, the later is diversified among low uptake and very high uptake. The FDG uptake pattern of hilar type is similar to that of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and mucinous component is an important factor, which affects FOG uptake. When tumor cells are scattered in desmoplatsic stroma, then FDG uptake is low as well. In contrast, when FDG uptake is high, it is likely to be tubular type which has high tumor density. Tumor growth pattern also affects FDG uptake. Nodular type mostly takes higher FDG compared to infiltrative type. There are many cases where benign inflammatory diseases take high FDG that PET alone can not distinguish malignant lesion from benign lesion. In conclusion, studies about PET using FDG are still limited. Thus, it is hard to make accurate conclusion about the roles of PET or PET/CT in biliary cancers, but peripheral type intrahepatic bile duct cancers and mass forming hilar and extrahepatic bile duct cancers appear to be good indications performing FDG PET or PET/CT.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1991

Clinical signs, serum chemical values and histological findings of hepatic tissue after partial and complete obstruction of common bile duct in Korean goats were investigated. Abnormal clinical signs were not observed in partial obstruction of common bile duct, but in complete obstruction clinical signs such as jaundice, urine color change, were observed. Serum total bilirubin, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, and total protein values increased on the 1-4th day and then gradually decreased to normal level in partial obstruction. However, they tend to increase persistently by the 24th day in complete obstruction of common bileduct. Histologic features of hepatic tissue in partial obstruction were not changed as compared with normal hepatic tissue. On the other hand, in complete obstruction of common bite duct there were moderate bile duct proliferation in a portal area, rupture of bile canaliculi, phagocytosis of bile pigment by Kupffer cells, periportal fibrosis, intrahepatic bile stasis and hepatic cell necrosis.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2023

Congenital duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct (DEBD) is an unusual anomaly of the biliary system. It occurs due to inability of the embryological duplex biliary system to regress. DEBD has various subtypes depending on the morphology and opening of the aberrant common bile duct. It can have distinct complications. We encountered a 38-year-old lady who experienced pain in the right upper abdomen along with a low-grade fever. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed DEBD with multiple calculi in the right hepatic duct (ductolithiasis) and joining of the right hepatic duct with the left hepatic duct in the intrapancreatic region. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to clear the calculi from the right duct. They were then managed by common bile duct exploration and roux-en-Y right hepaticojejunostomy for biliary drainage. Her postoperative period was uneventful. She is currently doing well after three months of follow-up. Hence, a proper preoperative delineation of such rare anomalies is essential. It could avoid inadvertent injury to the bile duct and operative complications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

Congenital web formations are extremely rare anomalies of the extrahepatic biliary tree. We herein report a case of common bile duct septum combined with multiple intrahepatic bile duct strictures in a 74-year-old female patient who was successfully treated with radiological intervention. The patient initially visited the hospital because of upper abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed multifocal strictures with dilatation in both intra- and extrahepatic ducts; the final clinical diagnosis was congenital common bile duct web combined with multiple intrahepatic duct strictures. Surgical treatment was not indicated because multiple biliary strictures were untreatable, and the disease was clinically diagnosed as benign. The multiple strictures were extensively dilated twice through bilateral percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for 2 months. After 1 month of observation, PTBD catheters were successfully removed. The patient is doing well at 6 months after completion of the radiological intervention, with the maintenance of normal liver function. Congenital web of the bile duct is very rare, and its treatment may vary depending on the patterns of biliary stenosis. In cases where surgical intervention is not indicated for congenital web and its associated disease, radiological intervention with balloon dilatation can be a viable therapeutic option.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: In Korea, pancreatic cancer and "gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer" were ranked the 8th and 9th most frequent cancers in 2019 and the 4th and 6th most common causes of cancer deaths in 2020, respectively. Methods: This review provides national cancer statistics and secular trends of 207,521 patients with gallbladder (n = 44,178), extrahepatic bile duct (n = 61,856), and pancreatic cancer (n = 101,487) between 1999 and 2019 in Korea. Results: The crude incidence rate in both sexes increased in the gallbladder (2.8 to 5.4 per 100,000), extrahepatic bile duct (3.6 to 9.0), and pancreatic cancer (5.5 to 15.8). The age-standardized incidence rate in both sexes significantly increased in the extrahepatic bile duct (3.7 to 4.1) and pancreatic (5.6 to 7.6) cancers but decreased in gallbladder cancer (2.9 to 2.4). The overall 5-year relative survival rate increased in the gallbladder (21.8% to 30.6%), extrahepatic bile duct (23.1% to 27.5%), and pancreatic (8.5% to 13.3%) cancers. Between 2006 and 2019, the proportion of localized or regional stages remained stable. The proportion of surgical treatment within the first 4 months after diagnosis was relatively higher in the gallbladder (42.2%) and extrahepatic bile duct (45.9%) cancers than in pancreatic cancer (22.2%). Conclusions: The crude incidence and mortality rates of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, and pancreatic cancer are steadily increasing in Korea, and the prognosis remains poor. Early detection, active application of surgical treatment, and minimization of the proportion of untreated patients are required to improve the survival rates of these cancers.