• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to verify the cytoprotective function, antioxidative effect and inflammation genes inhibitory effects of Lycium chinense Milie. Therefore the generation of superoxide anion radical ( $O_2\;^-$), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ $(PGE_2)$ was investigated in the renal epithelial cells of mouse. Effects of Lycium chinense Milie on the expression of inflammation-related proteins, $IKK-{\alpha}$. $p-IKK-\alpha\beta$, $p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2 and iNOS, were examined by western blotting. Methods : For this study, the fluorescent probes were used, namely dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), 4.5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Western blotting was performed using anti-$IKK-\alpha$, anti-phospho $IKK-\alpha\beta$, anti-phospho $I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, anti-$NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2 and anti-iNOS, respectively. Results : Lyciutn chinense Milie reduced $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced cell death dose-dependently. It inhibited the generation of $O_2\;^-$, $ONOO^-$, NO and $PGE_2$ in the $H_{2}O_{2}$-treated renal epithelial cells of mouse in vitro. Lycium chinense Milie inhibited the expression of $IKK-\alpha$, $p-IKK-\alpha\beta,\;p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS genes by means of decreasing activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusions : According to above results. Lycium chinense Milie recommended to be applied in treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 꽃송이버섯 자실체와 기부의 항산화 활성, 베타글루칸 함량 및 면역 활성을 비교하였다. DPPH 라디컬제거능 실험결과 꽃송이버섯 기부의 항산화 활성이 자실체에 비해 약 2.3배 높은 활성을 보였다. 건조 중량 기준 꽃송이버섯 추출물의 베타글루칸 함량 또한 기부가 23.7 g/100 g로 자실체의 함량 13.8 g/100 g보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 측정되었다. 면역 저하에 대한 꽃송이버섯 추출물의 투여는 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-10, IgE 함량에서 유의미한 결과를 도출하였지만, 자실체와 기부의 효과는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈액 내의 백혈구 함량 및 비장의 무게는 꽃송이버섯 자실체보다 꽃송이버섯 기부 추출물을 경구 투여한 실험군에서 효과적이었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1983

분극전위변화에 따른 고역 내식성 알미늄합금(5083)의 SCC 거동을 연구 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 5083 알미늄합금의 K 하(IC)은 134.81~148.38kg/mm 상(3/2)이며, 전위변화에 따라 K 하(Ii)은 75.92~145.78kg/mm 하(3/2)이다. 2. K 하(I)-V의 거동은 양분극시 Region I 과 II가 나타나고, K 하(Ii)/K 하(IC)의 비가 작을수록 crack성장속도도 빠르게 나타난다. 3. 분극전위 -987mV SCE에서 crack성장속도가 가장 지연되므로 122mV SCE을 음분극하면 SCC 방지효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 4. 입계의 $\beta$상의 석출은 분극전위가 클수록 크게 나타난다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

Background: Angiogenesis has been recognized an essential precondition for osteogenesis. Because reduction and disruption of the blood supply to tissue cause tissue hypoxia, pathological bone loss affected by hypoxia often can occur in various clinical conditions. The effects of propofol on the process of osteogenesis have received little direct attention. Therefore, we investigated the effect of propofol on the growth and function of osteoblasts under hypoxic condition. Methods: After propofol (3, 30, $300{\mu}M$) preconditioning for 2 hours, hFOB 1.19 human osteoblast cells were cultured under 1 % oxygen tension for 48 hours. Using real time PCR and western blot analysis, we analyzed the expression of, BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen, osteocalcin, HIF-1s and Akt. Cell viability was also determined by MTT assay. Results: Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast promoted the expressions of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin and induced hypoxia-mediated HIF-1 activation and the expression of Akt protein. Propofol with $300{\mu}M$ significant decreased cell viability compared to control. Conclusions: Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol are not cytotoxic to hypoxic osteoblasts in vitro. Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast through induced expression of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin. Propofol might promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration under hypoxic condition.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2019

Objectives Bogol-tang has clinically been used to protect joint cartilage and to treat osteoarthritis. Our objective was to study the protective effect of Bogol-tang extract (BGT) in functional impairment, behavioral disorders, cartilage loss and pathological changes in a monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced murine osteoarthritis (OA) model and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ -treated primary rat chondrocytes. Methods Mouse knee joints were injected with MIA, a chemical that inhibits glycolysis and causes joint inflammation and matrix loss. MIA-OA induced mice orally administered BGT or acetaminophen (AAP) for 18 days by daily. Primary rat chondrocytes were pretreated with BGT or dexamethasone (DEX) and followed by co-incubation with IL-$1{\beta}$ (10 ng/mL). Results In MIA-OA mice model, BGT led to delayed response on hot plate analysis, and suppressed the cartilage loss and damages in joint tissues. BGT suppressed the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, nitrite and $PGE_2$, the gene expression of matrix degrading enzymes, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and c-JunN-terminal kinase phosphorylation in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated primary rat chondrocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that BGT improve the knee joint function and delay the cartilage damages by anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and ant-catabolic effects, which indicate BGT could be a potential candidate for osteoarthritis treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Objective: Approximately 30% of preeclamptic pregnancies exhibit abnormal liver function tests. We assessed liver injury-associated enzyme levels and circulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels in an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: Pregnant and non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) received AVP (150 ng/hr) subcutaneously via mini-osmotic pumps for 18 days. Blood pressure was measured, urine samples were collected, and all animals were euthanized via isoflurane. Blood was collected to measure circulating levels of TGF-β1-3 isomers and liver injury enzymes in pregnant AVP (PAVP), pregnant saline (PS), non-pregnant AVP (NAVP), and non-pregnant saline (NS) rats. Results: The PAVP group showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than both saline-treated groups. The weight per pup was significantly lower in the AVP-treated group than in the saline group (p<0.05). Circulating TGF-β1-3 isomer levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats than in the NS rats. However, similar TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 levels were noted in the PS and PAVP rats, while TGF-β2 levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats. Circulating liver-type arginase-1 and 5'-nucleotidase levels were higher in the PAVP rats than in the saline group. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate higher levels of TGF-β2, arginase, and 5'-nucleotidase activity in PAVP than in PS rats. AVP may cause vasoconstriction and increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure, thereby elevating TGF-β and inducing the preeclampsia-associated inflammatory response. Future studies should explore the mechanisms through which AVP dysregulates liver injury enzymes and TGF-β in pregnant rats.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2001

This study evaluated the effect of fertilization-promoting peptide (FPP) on fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity in vitro of spermatozoa frozen-thawed in pig, Using chlortetracycline fluorescence analysis, the various glycosidase analyses and the oocyte penetration test, we have obtained evidence that FPP can promote the fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in vitro. When frozen-thawed spermatozoa was washed with different concentrations of FPP, there were significantly (P<0.05) more acrosome-reacted in medium with 100 nM than 0, 50, 200 and 400 nM. The penetration rates were also highest in medium containing with 100 nM FPP (P<0.05). On the other hand, the $\beta$-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was at least twofold higher than other glycosidase. In same glycosidase, however, there were no difference in medium with different concentrations of FPP In another experiment, spermatozoa preincubated in medium with or without FPP for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h were inseminated with oocytes matured in vitro. The percentages of spermatozoa that reached acrosome reaction were affected by preincubation and were higher in medium with that than without FPP. When oocytes were inseminated with spermatozoa preincubated in medium with and without FPP during the different periods, however, penetration rates were decreased with preincubation periods of spermatozoa. On the other hand, when the sperm-oocyte were cultured for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h, the penetration rates were higher in spermatozoa preincubated with that than without FPP and had a tendency to increase as time of culture periods. However, The activities of $\alpha$-fucosidase, $\alpha$ -mannosidase, $\beta$-galactosidase and N-acetyl- $\beta$-D-glucosaminidase were higher in medium with that than without FPP regardless of periods of sperm preincubation and sperm-oocyte culture. These results suggest that FPP may play a positive role in promoting of sperm function and glycosidase activity in vitro in pig.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2013

탐라오가피를 이용하여 건강기능식품 개발 시 원료의 표준화를 위한 eleutheroside B, E 및 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량 및 분석법 검증을 실시하였다. 분석법 검증결과, HPLC를 이용한 분석방법에서 표준용액의 피크유지시간과 탐라오가피 뿌리 및 줄기 추출물의 피크유지시간이 일치하였으며 동일한 spectrum을 나타내는 것으로 특이성을 확인하였다. Eleutheroside B와 E의 검량선은 각각 0.9997, 0.9999로 1에 가까운 높은 직선성을 보여주어 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. Eleutheroside B와 E의 검출한계는 각각 $0.050{\mu}g/mL$, $0.025{\mu}g/mL$이었고 정량한계는 $0.250{\mu}g/mL$로 eleutheroside B와 E가 동일한 값으로 설정되었다. Eleutheroside B의 함량은 탐라오가피 뿌리 및 줄기에서 각각 $525.7{\pm}16.8$, $525.1{\pm}21.1{\mu}g/g$으로 큰 차이가 없었으며 eleutheroside E의 함량은 뿌리 및 줄기에서 각각 $1,315.3{\pm}22.7$, $1,037.5{\pm}22.2{\mu}g/g$으로 뿌리에 더 많은 eleutheroside E가 함유되어 있었다. 정밀도(RSD) 측정 결과, eleutheroside B와 E는 일간 정밀도에서 각각 1.4~5.0, 1.1~2.5%의 정밀도를 보여주었으며 일내 정밀도에서는 각각 2.8~2.9, 0.4~1.1%로 일간 정밀도보다 높은 정밀성을 나타내었다. 또한 eleutheroside B는 100.66~110.04%, eleutheroside E는 94.26~111.62% 범위의 회수율을 보여주어 실험방법에 대한 정확성을 검증하였다. ${\beta}$-Glucan 분석법 검증 결과, 100.03%의 회수율을 보였으며 분석오차는 2.33%로 높은 정확도를 보여주었고, 일간(inter-day) 정밀도는 1.32~5.67%이었으며 일내(intra-day) 정밀도는 8.01~11.76%의 정밀성을 나타내었다. 탐라오가피 줄기, 잎 및 열매의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 각각 $5.32{\pm}0.38$, $4.34{\pm}0.32$, $3.71{\pm}0.22%$(w/w)로 줄기에 가장 많은 ${\beta}$-glucan이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과, 지표성분인 eleutheroside B와 E의 HPLC를 이용한 동시분석 방법과 ${\beta}$-glucan 분석방법이 적합한 분석방법임이 검증되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2008

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of $5.6{\pm}0.51kg$ were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1${\beta}$gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2008

생체에서의 황화수소는 의약 분야와 발효 산업에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae을 이용하여 기질인 L-cysteine과 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol로부터 $\beta$-replacement 반응에 인한 황화수소를 발생시킬 수 있는 효소를 간편하고 신속하게 동정하는 방법의 확립을 목적으로 하였다. 효소에 의해 발생된 황화수소와 Pb-acetate의 반응으로 생성된 Pb-S를 gel상에서 간편하게 확인한 후, 확인된 단백질들을 이온교환컬럼를 수행한 후 gel에서 추출하는 방법으로 MALDI-TOFMS의 시료를 간단히 얻을 수 있었다. PMF 방법과 MS/MS ion search 분석을 통해 간편하게 효모에서 황화수소를 형성할 가능성이 있는 세가지 단백질의 동정에 성공하였다. 이 세 가지 단백질은 CYS3, CYS4, MET17 유전자의 단백질로서 cystathionine $\gamma$-lyase, CBS, OASS 임이 밝혀졌다. 그리고 이 세 단백질들은 L-cysteine과 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol의 존재하에서 황화수소를 실제로 생성함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 표적의 물질을 생산하는 단백질들을 젤상에서의 활성측정과 MALDI-TOF MS를 이용하여 간단히 그리고 정확하게 동정하는 방법을 확립하였다.