• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1918-1920
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• 2005

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings with their materials and external appearance makes up the urban image. But still yet, it was not easy to evaluate the value of visual landscape of buildings with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. In relation to this kind of problems, it was tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watched the urban landscape constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 10 adult males and females with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in chamber room. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ waves. The result showed that relative power of $\alpha$ wave ratio increased in natural landscape scenary clearly. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which was affected by urban color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

극한 해양 환경하중을 고려한 해상풍력터빈 지지구조물에 대한 신뢰성 해석을 수행하였다. 신뢰성 해석을 위한 한계상태함수는 mud-line에서 지지구조물의 동적응답으로 정의되며, 동적응답은 정적응답과 동적응답계수의 곱으로 정의된다. 동적응답계수는 설계조건에서의 동적 시간이력응답을 분석하여 구할 수 있다. 허브(Hub) 위치에 작용하는 추력은 GH_Bladed를 사용하여 계산하였으며, 정적하중으로 적용하였다. 동적응답계수는 대수정규분포, 지반물성 중 내부마찰각은 상한과 하한이 결정된 베타분포이며, 그 외 설계변수는 정규분포 확률변수로 취급되었다. mud-line 에서의 동적응답을 통해 정의된 한계상태함수에 따라 일계신뢰도법(First order reliability method, FORM)을 사용하여 해상풍력터빈 지지구조물의 신뢰도지수를 산정하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2017

이 연구는 범죄피해자 지원기관인 (사)한국피해자지원협회(KOVA; Korea Organization Victicm Assistance)에서 2017년 7월 피해상담 전문가의 심리상담을 진행한 두 폭력 가정의 피해자녀들을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 연구참여자는 가정폭력에 대한 피해 호소가 10년이 넘은 가정으로서 폭력피해사실에 대해 경찰서에 직접 신고되어 접수된 이력이 있고 또 피해자녀와 피해자인 어머니가 단기쉼터에 입소하여 함께 거주한 경험이 있는 가정이었다. 가정폭력의 경우 자녀들은 특히, 미성년자인 경우 부모가 제공하는 생활공간에서 폭력피해를 입더라도 자발적으로 벗어나기 어려운 상태에 있으며, 폭력경험을 지속적이고 반복적으로 당하게 된다. 이에 가정폭력 피해자녀들이 현재 가해자-피해자 관계의 부모와 함께 거주하면서 어떤 감정 양상을 나타내고 있는지 그 특성을 정량화된 뇌파 데이터를 수집하고 분석하여 확인하고자 하였다. 뇌파측정은 서울불교대학원 부설 뇌과학연구소에서 진행하였으며, 뇌파측정 데이터 수집은 국제적으로 표준화된 19채널 뇌파측정도구인 브레인마스터를 사용하였고, 데이터 처리는 뉴로가이드를 사용하였다. 가정폭력을 경험한 피해자녀의 감정양상을 정량적 수치 및 뇌지형도를 통하여 분석한 결과 전두엽에 있어서 과잉서파의 문제, 알파파 좌우비대칭, 고베타파 좌우비대칭의 문제를 발견하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2985-2989
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 학습집중력을 향상시킬 수 있는 시트를 제작하였다. 학습집중력의 향상을 입증하기위하여 인체 내에 존재하고 있는 조영제를 이용하여 공간적 시간적 해상도가 뛰어나고 비침습적으로 뇌기능을 측정할 수 있는 기능적 자기공명영상을 획득하여 분석을 한 결과 기억작용과 관련 있는 전두엽 부근의 뇌혈류량의 활성화를 확인할 수 있었고 뇌파 측정 분석 결과 절대알파파와 절대베타파의 비율에서 유의할 만한 변화를 확인하였다. 기능적 자기공명영상은 뇌의 생리기능적 역할을 규명, 의학적으로 수술 전후 장애를 방지하고 예방하는데 활용되고 있으며 뇌신경망의 가시화로 학습집중력 향상 시트등과 같이 뇌와 관련된 제품을 개발하는데 많은 연구가 이루어질 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2006

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings deal with their materials and external appearance as an important factor, making up the urban image. But it was nearby impossible to evaluate the value of visual landscape with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. Such kinds of estimation can in some cases include arbitrary interpretations. In relation to this kind of problems, it is tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watch the urban landscape scenery constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 20 adult male and female with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in a dark soundproof chamber. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ waves. The result showed that relative power of ${\alpha}$ wave ratio increased in the natural landscape scenery with blue and green color. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which is affected by urban and natural color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

Man has always striven to create a thermally comfortable environment. This is reflected in building traditions around the world - from ancient history to present day. Today, creating a thermally comfortable environment is still one of the most important parameters to be considered when designing buildings. It is defined in the ISO 7730 standard as being "That condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment". A definition most people can agree on, but also a definition is not easily converted into physical parameters. Thermal comfort is a matter of many physical parameters, and not just one, as for example the air temperature that is set by air-conditioner. The most important matter Today's common offices and homes are only depending on air-conditioning as a cooling system during the summer. This kind of system tends to be focused on the person who controls it and those who are around the air-conditioner while thermal-comfort is neglected. Futhermore, the people's body conditions are not considered during each time that beginning, middle, last of the air-conditioning which causing displeasure of the residents more and more. This kind of operating system is set for a long time may causes unbalanced air condition and man's psychologic displeasure goes to increase.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2016

In this study, we compared the anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus koraiensis cone bark extracts prepared by conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Water extracts and 50% ethanol extracts prepared using MAE were applied to RAW 264.7 cell at 5, 10, 25, and $50{\mu}g/mL$ of concentrations, and tested for cytoxicity. The group treated with $50{\mu}g/mL$ of 50% ethanol extracts showed toxicity. In order to investigate the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, extracts of water and ethanol were treated with 5, 10, and $25{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations. The inhibitory activity of water and 50% ethanol extracts groups were determined as 40% and 60% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ concentration, respectively. We found concentration dependent decreases on inducible NO synthase. The inhibitory effect against forming inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin $E_2$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$, was also superior in the $25{\mu}g/mL$ treated group than the control group. According to these results, the water extracts and 50% ethanol extracts both inhibited inflammatory mediators by reducing the inflammatory response. Therefore, The MAE extracts of P. koraiensis cone bark can be developed as a functional ingredient with anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to discover the effects and possible mechanisms of the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on spontaneous sleep. The effects of a low dose (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE were compared in rats. After recovery from a surgical operation enabling electroencephalograms recordings, rats were administered RGE orally. RGE was administered orally for 1 day or once per day for 5 days in either 10 or 200 mg/kg doses. Polygraphic signs were recorded for 12 h after oral administration of RGE. Both treatment with a large dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE for one day and treatment with either a large or a small dose for 5 days reduced the number of sleep.wake cycles. Daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days augmented NREM and total sleep, but reduced wakefulness. Delta wave activity recorded during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep was increased after one treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg). Delta wave activity during NREM was enhanced after daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days. Both alpha and beta subunits of the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor were significantly over-expressed in the hypothalamus of the RGE-treated groups. Moreover, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase was also increased in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE may regulate spontaneous sleep via $GABA_A$ergic systems.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2012

The current inquiry was conducted to assess the change in sleep architecture after long periods of administration to determine whether ginseng can be used in the therapy of sleeplessness. Following post-surgical recovery, red ginseng extract (RGE, 200 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 9 d. Data were gathered on the 1st, 5th, and 9th day, and an electroencephalogram was recorded 24 h after RGE administration. Polygraphic signs of unobstructed sleep-wake activities were simultaneously recorded with sleep-wake recording electrodes from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. for 6 h. Rodents were generally tamed to freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Although the 1st and 5th day of RGE treatment showed no effect on power densities in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the 9th day of RGE administration showed augmented ${\alpha}$-wave (8.0 to 13.0 Hz) power densities in NREM and REM sleep. RGE increased total sleep and NREM sleep. The total percentage of wakefulness was only decreased on the 9th day, and the number of sleep-wake cycles was reduced after the repeated administration of RGE. Thus, the repeated administration of RGE increased NREM sleep in rats. The ${\alpha}$-wave activities in the cortical electroencephalograms were increased in sleep architecture by RGE. Moreover, the levels of both ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits of the ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor were reduced in the hypothalamus of the RGE-treated groups. The level of glutamic acid decarboxylase was over-expressed in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE increases NREM sleep via $GABA_A$ergic systems.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2010

This study aimed to investigate the effect of four common types of Qigong position (standing, sitting, supine, and horse-riding position) on the autonomic nervous system. Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study once a week for four weeks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured three times (before, during, and after the position) while the subject maintained one of four positions for ten minutes. There were significant changes in HRV components compared with EEG power spectra in the standing position. Especially, the ratio of low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) which represents a state of balance of autonomic nervous system was increased. In the sitting position, $\beta$ wave which reflects a state of alert consciousness was increased and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves were activated. On the other hand, in the spine position, $\theta$ wave which signifies a state of relaxation was increased and heart rate (HR) was decreased. Activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves was also observed in this position. Significant increases of indices related to awakening and concentration were observed accompanied by increase of HR and a sympathetic nerve was activated in the riding-horse position. In the present study, it was shown that each Qigong position caused various and significant changes in autonomic nervous system. It would be expected that these results can be applied in the choice of appropriate Qigong position according to objective of Qigong therapy although it is remained to further evaluate the effects of long-term maintenance of Qigong positions and repeated Qigong training.