• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 2004

To examine the potentiality of grassland dominated with turf-type grasses, which are mainly used for the establishment of green spaces, forage production and its utilization as forage resources, dry matter yield and forage quality of three different turf-type mixtures were estimated throughout three consecutive experimental years. According to the experiment, the mean of dry matter(DM) yield, chemical composition, DM digestibility, crude protein dry matter(CPDM) and digestible dry matter(DDM) yield was not significantly different among species(p > 0.05) over three experimental years. Botanical composition of three dominant species(tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass) was 42, 35 and 28%, respectively, in three mixtures at the last cutting(6th) in 2001. The botanical composition of three dominated species such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass was maintained 84% of the total plants in all types of mixtures. Therefore, It is observed that the mixture types did not closely affect the botanical composition. But botanical composition of the other species such as redtop(8%) and creeping bentgrass(6${\sim}$7%) was low. Especially, that of red fescue was the least(1${\sim}$2%) of all mixed species. As mentioned above, any difference was not observed in DM yields, forage quality and botanical composition among mixture types. Therefore, any types of mixtures can be used as public green spaces like school ground areas or river-sides, and as forage resources additionally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.79-91
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• 2008

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated with different experiments. An alternative environment condition requiring for a CB germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$(ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$(natural conditions). In each experiment, data such as seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time were measured. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and varieties. It was 61.50 to 98.25% under ISTA conditions and 55.00 to 98.50% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among CB varieties according to different conditions. Early germination characteristics indicated that all varieties were 1 to 4 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 70% and 90%, was much faster with Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross under ISTA conditions. But it was even faster with L-93 and Penncross when grown under natural conditions. Differences were also observed in germination peak time with varieties and growing conditions. It was 0.57 to 2.86 days under ISTA conditions and 0.74 to 1.74 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest variety was L-93 and the longest one T-1. Considering germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time, Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while L-93, Penn A-1 and Penncross under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper variety selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before golf course construction.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

Research was initiated to investigate the effect of high water-absorbing polymer on turf grass quality of three major turfgrasses. A total of 12 treatment combinations were used in the study. Treatments were made with different rates of sand, soil organic amendment (SOA), and water-swelling polymer (WSP). Visual turf grass quality was evaluated in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., CB), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KB), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoy) grown under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed among the treatments in CB, KB, and Zoy. Visual quality ratings varied with mixing rates of SOA and WSP, being maximum 5.6 in differences among them. At the end of study it ranged from 0.3 to 9.6 in CB, 0.3 to 4.0 in KB, and 0.9 to 5.8 in Zoy. Turfgrass quality pattern changed with time after seeding among treatments influenced by WSP rates. From this study, a proper rate of WSP is considered to be 5%, 5~10%, and 5% for CB, KB and Zoy, respectively. In general, overall treatment effect of WSP on turfgrass quality was highly associated with SOA 20% in three turtgrass species. When mixing sand with SOA and WSP for rootzone soil, a proper rate of SOA is considered to be 15 to 20% for CB and KB, while 20% for Zoy of warm-season grass. A further study would be required to investigate the effect of varied, gradual mixing rates of WSP on growth characteristics of turfgrasses grown on mixtures of sand, SOA, and WSP before a field application.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2012

Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Benn. is a common and economically important turfgrass disease in South Korea. Fungicides were evaluated for control of dollar spot in creeping bentgrass golf course putting green. Commercial formulations of propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, trifloxystrobin and boscalid were applied to plots of creeping bentgrass, each of the latter four fungicides was tank mixed with propiconazole at the same rates, and applied as treatments. The dollar spot severity in the nontreated plots of field A and B progressed toward peak diseases of 18.3 and 66.7% from 10 or 15 days after inoculation, respectively. Significant differences were detected among control values of the fungicides. Dollar spot control provided by boscalid was significantly greater than the other fungicides which showed low control values in a higher disease condition. No synergistic interactions, except propiconazole + thiophanate-methyl treated plot, were detected under a lower disease pressure. However, under a higher disease pressure, synergism was observed at all fungicide combinations, except a propiconazole and boscalid tank mixture. These data suggest turfgrass managers in golf course can take advantage of fungicide synergism to control dollar spot using the products and rates in this study.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

Bispyribac-sodium is a new-type herbicide that prevents the occurrence of annual bluegrass by the suppression of anthesis and inflorescence emergence on the bent green. The greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate interaction effect of the bispyribac-sodium with 21 soil- and foliar-applied herbicides in regards of herbicidal activity of annual bluegrass. The remarkable synergism was not found on the combination of bispyribac-sodium with benfluralin, pendimethalin, oryzalin, siduron, chlorphtalim, isoxaben, bifenox, tenylchlor, indanofan, bentazone, imazosulfuron, imazaquin, halosulfuron-methyl and limsulfuron. However, mixture of bispyribac-sodium with mecoprop, triclopyr, metsulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and pyributicarb produced greater synergism of herbicidal activity when compared with unmixed, single application. Phytotoxicity was low on bentgrass green and fast recovery was observed. In future, it would be strongly necessary to do research to Investigate the effect of bispyribac-sodium combination with other herbicides under various environment and management practices on-site bentgrass green.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid fertilizer containing humate (LFH) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating visual quality, chlorophyll content, dry weight of clipping, and nutrient content in leaves tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; control fertilizer (CF), HF-1 ($CF+1.0mL\;m^{-2}\;LFH$), HF-2 ($CF+2.0mL\;m^{-2}\;LFH$), and HF-3 ($CF+4.0mL\;m^{-2}\;LFH$). As compared with CF, soil chemical properties of LFH treatments were not significantly. Visual quality and root dry weight of LFH treatments were higher than that of CF. Chlorophyll content, clipping yield and nitrogen uptake of HF-2 and HF-3 were increased 11.2-11.8%, 15.3-30.0%, 22-42% by application of LFH. The LFH level was positively correlated with visual quality, chlorophyll content, clipping yield or nutrient uptake amount. These results indicated that the application of LFH improved the growth and quality of creeping bentgrass by increasing nutrient uptake and by prompting root growth.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.322-332
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• 2017

Microbial fertilizer has been used to prompt turfgrass growth and quality and to prevent turfgrass diseases in turfgrass management of golf courses. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of microbial fertilizer containing Lactobacillus fermentum (MFcL) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating turf color index, chlorophyll index, clipping yield, and nutrient content in the turfgrass tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control fertilizer (CF), MFcL treatments [CF+$1.0g\;m^{-2}$(MFL), CF+$2.0g\;m^{-2}$ (2MFL)], and only MFcL treatment (OMF; $1.0g\;m^{-2}$ MFL). Chemical properties of soil by application of MFcL was unaffected. Turf color index, chlorophyll index, clipping yield and nutrient content and uptake of MFcL treatments were similar to CF. Furthermore, turfgrass shoot density of MFL was increased by 20% than that of CF, and that of OMF by 22% than NF. These results show that the application of microbial fertilizer containing L. fermentum increased turfgrass shoot density, which is not attributed to nutrient uptake in this study, but needs to be further investigated with other mechanisms such as biostimulant induction or phytohormone production.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2006

This study was carried out to propose low types of green speed expectation models for fast putting green management by changing mowing height($4.0{\sim}2.5$ mm) and timing of rolling, dew removal and dew removal+rolling. Ball roll distance data were taken from the creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds. 'Penncross') practice green of east course at the Lakeside C.C. in October 18, 2001 and May 25, 2002. Data were subjected to multi-regression analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science. Among four types of green speed expectation models, the best multiple-regression equation for fast green management was as follows; $Y_4=4.171-0.225{\cdot}X_1-0.038{\cdot}X_2$ (where, $Y_4$ : green speed(m) after single dew removal+single rolling, $X_1$ : mowing height($4.0{\sim}2.5,\;X_2$ : passage of time ($0{\sim}8$ h.)). The equation[single dew removal by using sponge roller $\rightarrow$ single mowing at 3.0 mm height or less $\rightarrow$ single rolling] explained to provide fast green over 3.2 m (Stimpmeter readings required for USGA championship play) until the end of first round. Therefore, this cultural practice system was believed to provide fast putting green condition for professional golf tournament

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

In regional nutrient quota system, livestock manure was applied as liquid fertilizer after slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) process. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SCB liquid fertilizer on turfgrass growth in golf course during 6 month period from May to October in 2008. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control (CF; compound fertilizer), S-1 (1L SCB${\cdot}m^{-2}$) and S-2 (2L SCB${\cdot}m^{-2}$). Every treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In creeping bentgrass, turf color index, chlorophyll content, and dry weight were measured. Results were as follows; A seasonal change pattern of turf grass quality in all treatment increased in April $\sim$ June and September $\sim$ October, whereas it decreased in July $\sim$ August. As compared with NF, turf color index of CF, S-1 and S-2 increased by 1.8%, 1.8%, and 3.3%, respectively and chlorophyll content by 13%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. Dry weight of CF, S-1, and S-2 was higher than that of NFl by 7.7%, 18.2%, and 18.1%, respectively. For turf color index, chlorophyll content, and dry weigh, S-2 showed the best effect, followed by S-1 and CF in creeping bentgrass. These results indicated that the SCB application improves turf growth and quality.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine the growth performance of 4 species of cool-season grasses and 4 species of zoysiagrasses under salt injury in Seo-san reclaimed area. Grasses were grown on the plots with capillary water interruption layer (WCWIL) and without capillary water interruption layer (WOCWIL) soil systems. Cool-season grass and seeding-type zoysiagrass plots were seeded on 6 Jun, 2006. Vegetative zoysiagrass 'Junggi' was established by sprigging and 'Senock' and 'Millock' were plugged. Electric conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) ranged from 0.28 to $3.3\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Electric conductivities (ECe) of the soil with capillary water interruption layer and without capillary water interruption layer ranged from 0.55 to $9.4\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and from 1.84 to $9.4\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ respectively. Leaf color, turf quality, coverage rates, and growth rates were rated visually for 2 years. Zoysiagrass 'Junggi', creeping bentgrass, zoysiagrass 'Senock' and 'Millock' showed acceptable growth at salty fairway condition, while Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass mixed with perennial ryegrass, and seeded zoysiagrass 'Zenith' showed establishment rates below 70%. These results will be useful when choosing turf grass species and cultivars for the golf courses in reclaimed land area.