• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2015

The dairy industry, as part of the broader agricultural sector, is classified as a basic industry to the Korea economy. Basic industries provide income to a region by producing an output, purchasing production inputs, services and labor. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach for the next generation of dairy products with added health benefits represent the direct economic contribution. The commercialization of "nutritional" functional foods can only be successful if the consumer is confident in the scientific validity of the claims. Modern biotechnologies such as genomics, genetic expression and biomarkers of health performance suggested to whole dairy products, such as fluid milk, butter, cheese, ice cream and frozen dessert products (German, 1999). The following definition makes the point that dairy products can provide a nutritional value beyond the basic nutritional requirements: 1) The dairy industry has the opportunity to improve the health and well-being of its customers and/or to reduce their risk of disease through dairy products with added activities. 2) Functional dairy products are those that can be demonstrated to benefit target functions in the body in a way that improves the state of health and /or reduces the risk of disease. They are food products that are consumed as part of a normal diet rather than pills or supplements. 3) Dairy products based on functionality will need to link the scientific basis of such functionality to the communication of its benefit to the general public. 4) Both the efficacy and the safety of the food components with health benefits will require evidence based on the measurement of scientific biomarkers relevant to their biological responses and health end points. 5) Sound evidence from human studies based on intermediate health end points using accepted biomarkers will provide the basis for promotional messages divided into two categories-enhanced function and reduced risk of disease. 6) Success in solving key scientific and technological challenges will only be achieved by interdisciplinary research programs to exploit the scientific concepts in functional dairy science.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2018

Demand response (DR) programs give opportunity to consumers to manage their electricity bills. Besides, distribution system operator (DSO) is interested in using DR programs to obtain technical and economic benefits for distribution network. Since small consumers have difficulties to individually take part in the electricity market, an entity named demand response provider (DRP) has been recently defined to aggregate the DR of small consumers. However, implementing DR programs face challenges to fairly allocate benefits and payments between DRP and DSO. This paper presents a procedure for modeling the interaction between DRP and DSO based on a bilevel programming model. Both DSO and DRP behave from their own viewpoint with different objective functions. On the one hand, DRP bids the potential of DR programs, which are load shifting and load curtailment, to maximize its expected profit and on the other hand, DSO purchases electric power from either the electricity market or DRP to supply its consumers by minimizing its overall cost. In the proposed bilevel programming approach, the upper level problem represents the DRP decisions, while the lower level problem represents the DSO behavior. The obtained bilevel programming problem (BPP) is converted into a single level optimizing problem using its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Furthermore, point estimate method (PEM) is employed to model the uncertainties of the power demands and the electricity market prices. The efficiency of the presented model is verified through the case studies and analysis of the obtained results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2022

Wide-awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet (WALANT) is a technique that removes the requirement for operations to be performed with a tourniquet, general/regional anesthesia, sedation or an anesthetist. We reviewed the WALANT literature with respect to the diverse indications and impact of WALANT to discuss the importance of future surgical curriculum integration. With appropriate patient selection, WALANT may be used effectively in upper and lower limb surgery; it is also a useful option for patients who are unsuitable for general/regional anesthesia. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of WALANT in more complex operations in both upper and lower limb surgery. WALANT is a safe, effective, and simple technique associated with equivalent or superior patient pain scores among other numerous clinical and cost benefits. Cost benefits derive from reduced requirements for theater/anesthetic personnel, space, equipment, time, and inpatient stay. The lack of a requirement for general anesthesia reduces aerosol generating procedures, for example, intubation/high-flow oxygen, hence patients and staff also benefit from the reduced potential for infection transmission. WALANT provides a relatively, but not entirely, bloodless surgical field. Training requirements include the surgical indications, volume calculations, infiltration technique, appropriate perioperative patient/team member communication, and specifics of each operation that need to be considered, for example, checking of active tendon glide versus venting of flexor tendon pulleys. WALANT offers significant clinical, economic, and operative safety advantages when compared with general/regional anesthesia. Key challenges include careful patient selection and the comprehensive training of future surgeons to perform the technique safely.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

최근 소프트웨어 교육 강화 정책 및 2015 개정 교육과정을 통해 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육은 컴퓨팅 사고력, 창의성, 협력적 문제해결력 향상 등을 위해 유의미한 학습 활동임에도 불구하고 매우 복잡하고 융합적 학습 활동이라는 측면에서 실제 학교 현장의 수업 적용 시 많은 어려움이 따른다. 이를 지원하기 위한 다양한 연구들의 추진되어 왔으며, 본 연구에서는 그 간 추진되어 온 초 중등학교 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하고 학교 현장에서의 어려움을 해결하기 위한 향후 연구 추진 방향에 관해 논의하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 초 중등학교에서의 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육의 추진 현황, 방법, 효과성 등에 관한 양적, 질적 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하기 위해 메타 종합 분석 연구를 사용하였으며, 연구 결과, 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육의 목적, 교수 학습 방법, 도구들의 활용 현황을 파악하고 이에 따른 교육 효과들을 확인하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

Environmental pressures from such sources an economic condition, the government and inter-institutional competition create managerial challenges. Economic pressures may be forcing dietetic dept, in hospital to utilize cost∙benefit analysis to assist them in their problem solving. Cost∙benefit analysis have been widely used in business, industry and many other fields with only limited application to foodservice. Due to the lack or this information the purposes of this study were to identify use of cost∙benefit analysis in hospital foodservice system to evaluate the economic efficiency of alternatives, and to make recommendation for operation system change. Using the cost∙benefit method, cash flows are separated into cost and benefits. For an alternative to be selected, indicators, such as NPV, benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) with 5% discount rate per annum. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted with difference rate 3%, 7% respectively and reduced employee payroll change. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The total cost of investment for operation system change was 390,570 thousand won and the total benefit through operation system change was 865,808 thousand won. 2. Net present value(NPV) for 5 years was 475,239 thousand won and benefit-cost ratio was 2.22. 3. In sensitivity analysis with different discount rate 3%, 7%, benefit-cost ratio was 2.25, 2.18 respectively, with total reduced employee payroll change, benefit-cost ratio was 2.86. In conclusion, total benefits were exceeded total costs. Therefore, the project of operation system change in hospital foodservice was found to be economically efficient.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.351-374
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• 2022

In recent years, the development of rice industry has been highly valued by the state. In hubei area, due to the development of the modernization and the shortage of labor, traditional way of rice cultivation methods is facing serious challenges, and economic benefits have become the decisive factor for the effective promotion and application of rice cultivation methods. According to the research results, first, in the input-side analysis, in the CCR model, D5, D12, D26, D28, D32, D36 farmers with high efficiency appear. The analysis result shows that among the 60 farmers, the average efficiency is 89%, and there is an inefficiency of 11%. In the BCC model, 14 farmers were identified as high-efficiency farmers, with an average efficiency of 0.9453. Second, in direct seeding cultivation of rice, the average scale efficiency is 0.9227, while the average pure technical efficiency is 0.9644. This shows that the effect of scale efficiency is greater than that of purely technical factors, ignoring the reasons for the low operational efficiency of direct seeding cultivation farmers. It can be predicted that with the further deepening of farmers' understanding of this planting mode, the proportion of rice direct seeding may be further expanded in the future. Relevant agricultural departments should further promote this technology to farmers, study the direct seeding technology using scientific methods, and evaluate the changes of this cultivation mode. The agricultural departments of government should concern about the climate risk assessment of direct seeding rice, the environmental impact assessment caused by the extensive use of herbicides, the application of mechanical technology in the process of direct seeding, the lodging of direct seeding rice, and other related issues.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

주부들이 창업을 하고 이를 운영해나가기에는 많은 도전과 어려움이 따른다. 많은 결혼한 여성들이 어떠한 이유로 스스로 창업의 길을 선택하고 기존의 직장에서 제공받는 혜택을 버리는지에 대한 요소들은 분석하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 여성 창업자들의 창업동기요인들 및 그들의 상관관계에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 즉, 창업 동기 요인을 추진요인, 흡인요인, 환경적 요인, 재정적 요인 등 네 가지로 나누어 한국에서의 여성 창업자들의 동기 요인을 분석하였다. 또한, 한국의 결혼한 여성 창업자들의 창업요인들의 특성 및 변화 그리고 한국의 노동 시장에서 사업자로서의 도전과 현실에 대한 부분도 고려하였다. 연구 결과 추진요인과 흡인요인이 결합하여 주부 창업자들이 창업을 하는 계기를 제공함을 알 수 있었다. 주부 창업에 대한 동기와 장벽에 대한 실증적인 분석은 한국의 노동시장에서 여성들이 살아남기 위해 얼마나 힘들게 사업을 이어가고 있는지 알 수 있다. 그들은 일과 가족에 대한 책임감으로 인하여 창업을 하게 되고 사회의 한 구성원으로서 일익을 담당하고자 한다. 또한, 주부 창업자들은 직장 생활에 대한 경험에 상관없이 기업가 정신을 발휘하여 자기만족을 얻고자 한다. 주부 창업의 일반적인 동기는 외적인 환경과 내적인 환경에 기인하며, 직장에서의 퇴사 및 비고용 그리고 주부들의 가족에 대한 책임감으로 인해 노동시장으로 내몰리고 있지만 그들은 동시에 자기만족과 자기개발을 꿈꾸고 있다. 대부분의 한국의 주부 창업자들은 자신들의 잠재적인 역량을 사회로부터 인정받기를 원하며 이와 더불어 재산 증식을 바라고 있다.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The scope of teleaudiology has been noted with telehealth due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. As the notion has been around us for more than 20 years ever since 1999, it is necessary to perceive the knowledge accurately and prepare for the successful implementation of it. Therefore, the literature review including screening and diagnostic audiometry, cochlear implants and hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation, telecommunications technology regarding several fields of teleaudiology, and considerations for practicing were identified. Although overall internet-based audiological services showed benefits in terms of outcome and accessibility, uncertainties of cost-effectiveness, the optimal level of support, and a need for further studies of many aspects for teleaudiology has arisen. In the view of technology, the store-and-forward (asynchronous/hybrid) and a real-time (synchronous) methods were introduced with one applied and nine registered patents recorded from 2004 to 2020 for the invention of teleaudiology in the United States. Also, 10 checklists were suggested for planning teleaudiology practice from prior experience in hosting the teleaudiology program. Conclusively, it is hoped that this review sheds light on recognizing and improving the existing teleaudiology services and helps overcome the challenges faced in the era of pandemic and untact world to come.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The scope of teleaudiology has been noted with telehealth due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. As the notion has been around us for more than 20 years ever since 1999, it is necessary to perceive the knowledge accurately and prepare for the successful implementation of it. Therefore, the literature review including screening and diagnostic audiometry, cochlear implants and hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation, telecommunications technology regarding several fields of teleaudiology, and considerations for practicing were identified. Although overall internet-based audiological services showed benefits in terms of outcome and accessibility, uncertainties of cost-effectiveness, the optimal level of support, and a need for further studies of many aspects for teleaudiology has arisen. In the view of technology, the store-and-forward (asynchronous/hybrid) and a real-time (synchronous) methods were introduced with one applied and nine registered patents recorded from 2004 to 2020 for the invention of teleaudiology in the United States. Also, 10 checklists were suggested for planning teleaudiology practice from prior experience in hosting the teleaudiology program. Conclusively, it is hoped that this review sheds light on recognizing and improving the existing teleaudiology services and helps overcome the challenges faced in the era of pandemic and untact world to come.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2017

This paper discusses several topics associated with the densification caused by supertall buildings and their impact on city systems. The paper covers five key areas where a supertall tower creates a concentration of needs and effects. First, the paper comments on population shifts towards the city and how they affect carbon footprint, utilities infrastructure and transport. The effect of single- and mixed-use towers is discussed in the context of population density. The second section brings the issues of transit, accessibility and master planning into focus. The use and criticality of public transport, cycling and walking is described. Servicing and deliveries using freight consolidation and shared systems is also discussed along with their contribution to the culture of sustainable travel. In the third section the paper reflects on supertall buildings' below-ground utilities and drainage provision, particularly the challenges faced in established city infrastructures. The utilities issues associated with supertall concentration (in land-use terms) compared to equivalent low-rise distribution is also commented on in the context of surface water runoff. In the fourth section, the topic of supertall sustainability is discussed and how city systems need to respond to create desirable and affordable space for occupiers. The changing need for vertical communities, 'stacked neighbourhoods' and the notion of a micro-city is described. Finally, the paper considers the energy consumption and resilience of supertall buildings in the context of basic geometry, façade design, climate and mixed-use benefits as they impact city systems.