• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.10-22
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• 2022

메밀을 대상으로 주산지, 해발고도별, 재배작형별 방화곤충의 종류와 밀도를 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 선발된 수분곤충을 망실 격리재배에 처리하여 수량성 등 농업적 형질을 검토하였다. 메밀 주산지에서 방화곤충 비율은 파리목이 71%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 그 다음으로 나비목, 벌목, 딱정벌레 순이었다. 해발고도별로는 고랭지 및 준고랭지 지역에서 파리목이 72-98%의 높은 비율을 보였으나, 평난지인 강릉에서는 비율이 50%로 낮았다. 재배작형별로 파리목은 봄재배에서 71%의 비율을 보여 가을재배보다 1.2배 높았으나, 벌목의 경우 가을재배에서 8%로 봄재배보다 4.8배 높아 방화곤충 비율에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 메밀 재배지역과 작형에서 가장 많이 관찰된 파리목에는 집파리, 연두금파리, 고자리파리, 기타 초파리목이 주로 관찰되었으며, 벌목에서는 꿀벌, 기생벌 등이 발견되었다. 노지재배(관행)와 비교하여 망실에서 파리목이나 뒤영벌의 수분매개효과가 우수하여 수량이 높았으며, 단독 처리보다는 혼합처리에서 다소 높았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 메밀에서는 파리목이나 벌류가 가장 활발한 수분곤충 역할을 하는 것으로 구명되었으며, 메밀 생산성 향상을 위해 선발된 곤충을 적극 활용할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-24
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• 1970

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2015

Acarapis mites, including Acarapis woodi, Acarapis externus, and Acarapis dorsalis, are parasites of bees which can cause severe damage to the bee industry by destroying colonies and decreasing honey production. All 3 species are prevalent throughout many countries including UK, USA, Iran, Turkey, China, and Japan. Based on previous reports of Acarapis mites occurring in northeast Asia, including China and Japan, we investigated a survey of Acarapis mite infestations in honey bees in Korean apiaries. A total of 99 colonies of Apis mellifera were sampled from 5 provinces. The head and thorax of 20 bees from each colony were removed for DNA extraction. PCR assays were performed with 3 primer sets, including T, A, and K primers. Results indicated that 42.4% (42/99) of samples were Acarapis-positive by PCR assay which were sequenced to identify species. Each sequence showed 92.6-99.3% homology with reference sequences. Based on the homology, the number of colonies infected with A. dorsalis was 32 which showed the highest infection rate among the 3 species, while the number of colonies infected with A. externus and A. woodi was 9 and 1, respectively. However, none of the Acarapis mites were morphologically detected. This result could be explained that all apiaries in the survey used acaricides against bee mites such as Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae which also affect against Acarapis mites. Based on this study, it is highly probable that Acarapis mites as well as Varroa and Tropilaelaps could be prevalent in Korean apiaries.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony size on the pollination of greenhouse-cultivated watermelon grown under the forcing cultivation system. The highest pollination activity of bees was observed ($14.3{\pm}5.0$ honey bees/day) when the bee colony size was 10,000 followed by 7,500 and 5,000 honey bees. There was a positive correlation between the bee colony size and pollination activity (R = 0.262) but insignificant difference in fruit set with different honey bee colony sizes (88%-91%). Evaluation of physical properties revealed that the weight and shape of watermelon were also not significantly different among different colony sizes. However, larger the bee colony size, higher the number of seeds were fertilized and rate of seed fertilization (p > 0.05). Number of seeds and content of sugar were negatively correlated (R = -0.714). Fertilized seeds showed a significant increase in mealy flesh, which has a negative effect on fruit quality, compared with that of the unfertilized seeds. Overall, we found that a colony size of 5,000 honey bees was the most effective for the pollination of watermelon grown under forcing cultivation. A comparison of the effects of bee pollination with those of artificial pollination suggested that artificial pollination can be effectively replaced by bee pollination in the forcing cultivation of watermelon, because fruit set, weight, and shape by bee pollination were similar to those achieved by artificial pollination.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2024

수분매개자란 식물의 수분 과정을 이뤄내는 생물체를 말하며 대표적으로 벌목, 나비목, 파리목, 딱정벌레목 등이 있다. 그중 꿀벌은 수분 과정뿐만 아니라 토지이용 변화에 의해 훼손된 도시 녹지를 개선하여 도시 내 존재하는 조류 및 곤충에게 서식처와 먹이를 제공한다. 하지만 오늘날 기후변화로 인한 조기 개화율 상승, 도시화로 인한 녹지 파편화, 농약사용과 같은 문제로 인해 수분 가능한 식물의 수가 감소하고 있으며, 이는 곧 꿀벌의 개체수가 감소하는 문제로까지 이어지고 있다. 꿀벌 개체수의 감소는 곧 도시 내 생물다양성 감소, 식량 생산량 감소 같은 문제들로 직결되며, 오늘날 꿀벌 개체수가 감소하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략으로 도시 양봉이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 꿀벌의 먹이 활동 및 수분활동, 도시 양봉으로 구성된 사회생태시스템의 구조를 복합적으로 고려하지 못한 상태로 도시 양봉 전략이 제시되어 지속 가능하게 이루어지지 못한다는 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수분 매개자인 꿀벌의 사회생태시스템을 시스템 사고를 활용하여 구조적으로 분석하고 도시 양봉의 활성화를 위한 녹지계획 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과로 첫째, 인과순환지도 작성을 위해 도시 내 꿀벌의 사회 및 생태시스템을 중심으로 선행연구를 고찰 및 수집하여 시스템 영역을 설정하고 주요 변수를 도출했다. 둘째, 개별인과순환 지도를 작성하여 꿀벌의 먹이활동과 수분활동에 대한 생태적 구조, 꿀벌의 생태 시스템이 도시에 미치는 영향 구조, 도시 양봉의 사회생태시스템 구조를 분석했다. 마지막으로 통합인과순환지도 작성을 통해 꿀벌의 사회생태시스템 구조를 전체적인 관점에서 분석하고 도시 양봉의 활성화를 위해 도시 내 유휴공간을 활용할 수 있는 시민참여 프로그램 도입, 지자체 투자, 유휴공간의 도시공원 및 녹지조성 등을 녹지 계획 전략으로 제시하고자하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 시스템 사고를 활용한 꿀벌의 생태적 구조와 도시 양봉 도입에 대한 사회적 구조를 전체적인 관점으로 파악하여 전략을 제시했다는 점에서 선행연구와 차별점이 존재하며, 지속 가능한 도시 양봉을 도입하기 위한 정책적 제언 및 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2020

Background: Pollen is an important source of protein and lipids for many animals including honey bees. In order to understand the foraging behaviour of honey bee colonies and preference among the available floral resources, pollen collections from three experimental healthy colonies of honey bees were analysed in the month of June. Results: The amount of pollen collections were related to the colony's need which was indicated by the number of larval and adult bees present in the hive. Interesting was the sequence of pollen collection from different floral sources. All honey bee colonies collected pollens from Trifolium repens first, then Erigeron annus and the third choice was Coreopsis drummondii and Oenothera biennis flowers. Total protein content of Trifolium pollen was the highest (20.0 g/100 g DM), and the others were in the range of 8.9-11.4 g/100 g DM. Conclusion: The results indicated that the first criteria for honey bee foraging preference of pollens would be the nutritional contents of protein and the resource availability of the lesser nutritious floral sources. This information can help pollinator protection programmes of habitat manipulation using flowering plants for nectar and pollen sources.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2018

New exercise technology such as the virtual reality (VR)-based exercise system is required to meet soaring demand for target participants in exercises and to alleviate the difficulties in personnel mobilization through an alternative approach to the exercise system. In a previous study, event tree methodologies were introduced in setting up an exercise scenario of a VR-based radiological exercise system. In the scenario, the locations at which major events occur are rephrased as nodes, routes as paths, and public response actions as protective actions or contents of an exercise at individual locations. In the study, a model for estimating effective doses to the participants is proposed to evaluate the exercise system, using the effective dose rates at particular times and locations derived from a computer program. The effective dose received by a student when she/he follows a successful route is about a half of the dose received when she/he does not follow the exercise guide directions. In addition, elapsed time to finish an exercise when following a successful route is less than one-third of the time spent to finish an exercise when following the guide's directions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.997-1005
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• 2018

The regulatory periodic safety inspection system is one of the most important methods for confirming the safety of nuclear power plants and the defense in depth in nuclear safety is the most important basic means for accident prevention and mitigation. Recently, a new regulatory technology based on risk-informed and safety performance has been developed and used in advanced countries. However, since the domestic periodic inspection system is being used in the same way over 30 years, it is necessary to know how the inspection contributes to the safety confirmation of the nuclear power plants. In this study, the domestic periodic inspection system currently in use was analyzed from the perspective of defense in depth in nuclear safety. In addition, the analysis results were compared to the U.S. NRC's safety inspection system to obtain consistency and lessons in this study. As a result of analysis, the NRC's safety inspections were distributed almost evenly at the all levels of defense in depth, while in the case of domestic inspection, they were heavily focused on the level 1 of defense in depth. Therefore, it appeared urgent to improve the inspection system to strengthen the other levels of defense in depth in nuclear safety.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500-600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2020

이탈리안벌인 A, C, F계통과 코카시안벌인 D, V계통을 2005년부터 2007년까지 국내에서 수집하였다. 수집한 계통은 육종을 위해 격리된 섬에서 근친교배를 통해 순계로 분리하였다. 이 연구는 꿀, 로열젤리 다수확계통 선발에 있어 개체군 선발과 육종 효율을 높이기 위해 수행되었다. 23 개의 형태학적 특성을 평가하고 두 아종의 기존 데이터와 비교한 결과, 이탈리안벌 순계계통은 코카시안벌 순계 계통과 달리8개의 특성이 기존의 이탈리안벌과 유사해 더 많은 특성이 보존되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 국내에서 유지되고 있는 순계들은 타 지역의 동일 계통과 차이를 보여 분리된 순계의 형태적인 특징이 확인되었다.