Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Selection and Application of Pollinating Insects to Improve Seed Production of Buckwheat in Net House

메밀의 망실재배시 종자생산성 향상을 위한 수분곤충의 선발과 활용법 구명

  • Kim, Su Jeong (Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sohn, Hwang Bae (Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Nam, Jeong Hwan (Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jong Nam (Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Suh, Jong Taek (Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Chang, Dong Chil (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Yul Ho (Central Area Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김수정 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 손황배 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 남정환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 이종남 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 서종택 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 장동칠 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지 작물연구소) ;
  • 김율호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과)
  • Received : 2021.09.30
  • Accepted : 2021.12.13
  • Published : 2022.02.01
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Abstract

This study investigated field data to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of pollinating insects and buckwheat flowers. We set the in-situ observation sites in different locations to get altitude and cropping system distribution data for five years (2016 to 2020) in Korea. Twenty-five different insect species, belonging to 8 orders, were recorded. Over the past five years, species from the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera were the principal visitors. Hymenoptera was mainly represented by honey bees (Apis cerana), while Diptera was represented by bean seed fly (Delia platura) and several other species. Some bees and other Hymenoptera species could, however, act as co-pollinators because of their high relative frequency and activity. Compared with open-field cultivation (conventional), the pollination mediating effect of flies and bees was superior in net house, so the yield was high, and it was also found to be slightly higher in the mixed treatment of flies and bees than in the single treatment. Based on the above results, flies and bees were found to be the most active pollinating insects in buckwheat and it is necessary to actively utilize the selected insects to improve buckwheat productivity. This relationship will be utilized in establishing the system of seed production on pollinating regulation of a primary plant.

메밀을 대상으로 주산지, 해발고도별, 재배작형별 방화곤충의 종류와 밀도를 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 선발된 수분곤충을 망실 격리재배에 처리하여 수량성 등 농업적 형질을 검토하였다. 메밀 주산지에서 방화곤충 비율은 파리목이 71%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 그 다음으로 나비목, 벌목, 딱정벌레 순이었다. 해발고도별로는 고랭지 및 준고랭지 지역에서 파리목이 72-98%의 높은 비율을 보였으나, 평난지인 강릉에서는 비율이 50%로 낮았다. 재배작형별로 파리목은 봄재배에서 71%의 비율을 보여 가을재배보다 1.2배 높았으나, 벌목의 경우 가을재배에서 8%로 봄재배보다 4.8배 높아 방화곤충 비율에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 메밀 재배지역과 작형에서 가장 많이 관찰된 파리목에는 집파리, 연두금파리, 고자리파리, 기타 초파리목이 주로 관찰되었으며, 벌목에서는 꿀벌, 기생벌 등이 발견되었다. 노지재배(관행)와 비교하여 망실에서 파리목이나 뒤영벌의 수분매개효과가 우수하여 수량이 높았으며, 단독 처리보다는 혼합처리에서 다소 높았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 메밀에서는 파리목이나 벌류가 가장 활발한 수분곤충 역할을 하는 것으로 구명되었으며, 메밀 생산성 향상을 위해 선발된 곤충을 적극 활용할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구소 "메밀의 안정적 종자생산체계 구축(과제번호: PJ01359901)"사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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