• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.109-120
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• 2012

As Korea has rapidly entered the aging society, the Korean government and academia are currently undergoing many researches on senior citizens. There also has been an increase in senior citizens' awareness on the importance of spatial designs that reflect the newly emerged needs brought out by their psychological and emotional changes as well as their physical aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose a model for senior citizens' image preference to be adopted in future developments for senior-friendly spatial designs. A literature review and a questionnaire survey were implemented as research methods. The questionnaire survey was conducted at two senior welfare centers located in Seoul and Ansan and two disparate senior colleges, on the subjects of 86 senior citizens aged 60 and older. 7 styles of Romantic, Classic, Country, Modern, Natural, Casual, and Traditional were chosen for the study and the realms to apply the image preference were divided into Space, Element1 and Element2. For Space, its subcategories have been restricted to living room and bedroom while color, furniture and lighting for Element1 and material, pattern and props for Element2. Survey results were statistically analyzed for the correlation among socio-demographic factors of senior citizens, spaces and the elements. The study result showed that older age and men tended to prefer the modern style than younger age or women, and younger women preferred the romantic style. For the color preference in Element1, older men preferred the classic style while women preferred the romantic style. And, for the furniture preference, men with higher income preferred the natural style while women preferred the romantic style. For the pattern preference in Element2, younger people preferred the casual style and it showed that the housing type was the main reason for their preferences. Therefore, the image preference according to their age and gender shall be taken account of as the most important factors when designing environments for senior citizens.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to consider incense culture found in costume and life in forms of carrying and decoration. Here, incense for carrying and decoration is classified into two cases, using it as a costume accessory and life space. Hyangjumony, Hyangnorigae, Hyangjul, Hyangdae and Hyangseonchu were costume accessories. Hyangjumony was not only used for the royal palanguin, but also for bedroom. When Poetic Literature, and other ancient publications were reviewed in regard to incense for carrying and decoration, it was estimated that incense began to be carried for the first time before the late period of Shilla(9C). In addition, it was found that incense was not just a personal taste, but one of important gifts exchanged between states, envoys of different nations and between sovereign and subject and that incense was a necessary costume accessory for men. Types of incense for carrying and decoration used in this nation are classified into Hyangjumony, Hyangnorigae, Hyangjul and Hyangseonchu. Hyangjumony is a fabric pouch that contains incense. Hyangnorigae is Norigae whose main material is incense. Hyangjul is a string to which incense is hanged. Hyangseonchu is Seonchu whose main material is incense. Incense for carrying and decoration was based on five colors that symbolize cosmic order and harmony, of which red and purple were mostly used. Red strongly suggests expelling Yin with Yang, or exorcism. The color gives a strong impression, so it was often used to make a carried incense more decorating. Main materials of incense for carrying and decoration were gold, silver, precious stone and horsehair. They are different in characteristics, but were used appropriately for incense fragrance and decoration. Patterns mainly used for the incense had shapes of animal, plant, sipjangsaeng and letter. These were all auspicious patterns that symbolize human wishes and desires, especially individual and family happiness.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.469-474
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to propose basic design guidelines for more effective air ventilation system in apartments. It is well known that ventilation depends on whether the room doors are open or closed as well as people's living patterns. This study considers 84 ㎡-sized apartment which has extended living room without balcony. Ventilation of bathroom and kitchen is not considered. The height of the building, external air pressure and air infiltration through the windows are also neglected. The regulation on indoor air quality made it mandatory that the air change per hour be more than 0.7. Four models are suggested to study the effect of open and closed doors. Models 1 and 3 are open door types and models 2 and 4 are closed door types. The open types have 50 mm hole near the top of the door to substitute exhaust outlet. The ventilation effectiveness was evaluated by 3-dimensional numerical simulation using finite volume method by a commercial software. This work compares air flow, temperature of air, age of air and the efficiency of ventilation of apartments with wooden doors of bedroom 1 and 2, which are open or closed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.81-94
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• 2010

This qualitative research was designed to explore the use of housing among Korean Chinese people in Harbin, China. Focusing on the use which based on the epistemology of housing adjustment, this was particularly designed to examine its cultural assimilation and acculturation on the way of life course, it employed the in-depth interview on the oral history of 5 interviewees in their 60s and 70s, individualized interviews were conducted from May 28 to 31 in 2010. Key findings were summarized as follows; 1. The free market reform in China resulted in privatization that allowed respondents to become homeowners, and the ownership was viewed as part of family asset centered upon a sense of solidarity. 2. Although homeowners in multi-story houses were responsible to decorate interior spaces, the common features in using interior spaces were found: entrance had no thresholds; kitchen was small, lack of storage cabinets, tile-flooring; washers were installed inside bathroom; and newly built apartment didn't have proper space to store Korean fermented foods. It was observed that housing adaptation outweighed housing adjustment. Those who used to live in Chinese houses with indoor-wearing-shoes or Russian houses with indoor-wearing-slippers were receptive to the use of dining table and bed, and the community heating system discouraged the use of individual electric water heater because of high electricity cost. 3. In daily life, eating habit wasn't much changed to the Chinese style, meals were shared, dish sterilizer was popular, and Kimchi fridge wasn't used. Because of the influence of the Chinese culture, such Korean traditions as ancestral rites and bedroom allocation tradition faded away, but traditional family values remained unchanged. In conclusion, Korean Chinese people experience normative housing deficits and adaptation selectively incurred. It's implied that residential design meets the needs resulting from the dual culture in terms of cultural assimilation and acculturation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

Purpose: This is a study on the planning of temporary housing for post application of Mega Sports facilities. The subject of the study is 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which is to suggest building an alternative temporary housing using shipping containers(high cube), which solve the lack of accommodations and recycle temporary housing after Olympics, save money and be eco-friendly in Olympics. Method: This study includes this ; research on the a fact-finding survey about Mega sports facilities post application and demand survey on 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics accomodations and an analysis about temporary housing plan. Furthermore we decided temporary housing building plan by analyzing residents' needs and traits of the housing etc. Through this, we made a schematic design for household units. Result: As a result, this study is a plan of making space, forms, and structure. The planned size is $38.4m^2$(L:12m, W:3.2m) except balcony, and indoor height is 2.5m. The space consists of entrance, bathroom, bedroom and living room with folding furniture system. Also there's a detailed floor plan of the ceiling, wall, and floor we drew up. The ceiling and wall consist of dampproof film, noncombustible board, fire proof urethane form, and color-designed sheet. The floor is composed of floor tile, cement mortar, light concrete(with heat coil), insulation, and dampproof film. Additionally, this study is a plan of interior dry wall with detail using modular construction method for work efficiency and quality improvement.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose : Due to the shortage of the room for the disabled, it may be difficult to use the accommodation for the disabled (especially wheelchair users). The purpose of this paper is to propose a universal design(UD) application for all rooms to solve the problems caused by the shortage and the decrease of the usage rate of the rooms for the disabled. Methods : Classify and analyze the type of room and bathroom according to the survey. The space of the room is classified into six types mainly based on the relation and location among the entrance, the bathroom, and the bedroom. Also, the bathroom is classified into 20 types considering the positional relationship with the entrance and between sanitary fixture. By using these types, FGI survey will be conducted and the application of UD will be reviewed and presented. Results : We analyzed by using the types of the room and the bathroom. One of majority type in the actual research and two of UD applicable types from FGI, are shown UD application. In addition, the bathroom were analyzed about four types from FGI. The room were shown about the activity space and the furniture layout for UD. The bathroom were shown about the space for the entrance, the internal activitiy space and the arrangement of the sanitary fixture. Implications : By comparing and analyzing through type classification, it was found that universal design can be applied to all rooms. Therefore, it is expected that the UD will be activated in all rooms of the accommodation.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Progressive Space Organization (ante-rooms) in Negative Pressured Isolation Unit(NPIU) such as National and Regional Isolation Units in Korea in order to build basic data for the evidence based design of Airborne Infection Isolation Units which should prepare and respond effectively to the public health crisis due to the hazardous airborne infectious disease. Methods: 1) Gas(SF6) test and analysis on the 23 Korean Isolation Units under operation. 2) Assessment of the isolation level of the space components by checking the Gas concentration. 3) Analysis of the Isolation Effectiveness according to Space Organizational levels. Results: 1) The higher segregation level is, the lower Gas(SF6) concentration is. 2) Too many segregations(anterooms) of Isolation Unit are not efficient for the prevention of infectious bacillus spread. For example, 4 level of segregation has similar segregation effect to the 3 level of segregation. Implications: Many anterooms in front of the isolated patient bedroom will guarantee the safe environment against the danger of hazardous airborne nosocomial infection. On the other hand, too many segregations is inefficient, expensive, inconvenient, narrow(unflexible) and so on. This study can be used as basic data for further development of design guidelines of isolation units.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.116-124
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial characteristics of the multi-housing units in Seoul and Kyung-gi area since 2006. Literature review and content analysis were used for this study and 82units of the big size over $165m^2$ were analyzed to review such design characteristics as spatial composition, layout and linkage. Through this study, the following conclusions have been reached; 1) Most unit plans had 4LDK and 3bath types including family room as a public space. This results shows that family-room and bathroom has recently become more important than number of rooms in multi-housing units planning. 2) Diversity of plan figures such as mass-mixing, mass-separation and polygons(L, V-type)was showed in most unit plan, breaking from the standardized forms of box types. 3) Intermediated spaces such as foyers and halls in entrance zone were planned and sub-entrance into kitchen were planned for the various types of circulation and work-efficiency. Cases had private space separated from public space, the dispersion of rooms with the increase of connection by corridors, L-DK meaning the living room isolated from the dining and kitchen, partially located living room for a view in area distribution. The spatial planning of master-zone mostly consists of the types of two-rooms and an entry into a foyer(library, dress-powder room, bathroom and master bedroom). This study has a significant meaning on grasping current trend in Korean multi-housing and to provide information for future direction on housing-unit design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.86-95
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide basic materials for future development of unit household plane of lease apartment house by comparing and analyzing the unit household plane of SH Corporation lease apartment house in Korea and PHA apartment house in the state of Minnesota, USA. For this purpose, the researcher chose 8 SH Corporation lease apartment houses in Yangcheon-gu Korea and 16 PHA apartment houses in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Drawing of 8 complexes of Korea SH Corporation, literary materials collected by Korea House Corporation and SH Corporation and the plane of USA were analyzed and the unit household plane of Korea and USA were processed by CAD to ensure exact analysis. Based on the drawing for CAD, the materialization work was implemented. The total size of materialized drawing and size of each room was drawn by using 'CAD POWER 2005' program. The result of this research is as follows. The plane of SH Corporation lease apartment house shows the difference in the plane composition from 12 pyung. Since LIVING ROOM is described in the drawing, the living room and bedroom seen in the existing size less than 12 pyung become independent as they are separate. While SH Corporation is composed in the form of kitchen that functions as dining room, living room functions as dining room in PHA. While SH Corporation shows 5 types, PHA shows different pattern in each complex. This is probably because PHA has diverse complexes. All planes of SH Corporation have entrance, which reflect the own character of Korea as it is. In PHA, the portion of receipt and storage space is very high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.32-35
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• 2008

If human beings could make friends with nature, it would be a truly wellbeing. This project has selected the design concept under the supposition that human beings and the nature become friends. This residential house, which is consisted of one ground floor and two underground floors, is confronting the mountains that surround the residential complex. Residents can enjoy viewing the mountains from the living room. The garden is created by using this given environment in maximum. The walls are made up with rocks, and a small pond is formed with water from the mountain, presenting another attractive sight. Through the connection rather than the break between mountain and garden, living room and garden, and again garden and mountain, the dialogue with nature was attempted. The water of the pond in the garden flows down along the walls and creates another water space at the gate area of the house. Passing through the entrance, there are a living room, a kitchen, a bedroom for spouses, a common bathroom, and a library on the ground floor. On the second floor, there are two rooms, a bathroom, and a mini living room. The platform of living room on the 1st floor is lowered to produce the comfortable living room with the hearth. From the view of living room, the garden with full feeling of nature can give a good emotional rest for modem people who want the mental relaxation. The marble stones are used as its material to present rich texture and sophisticated image presentation. The hearth in the living room is harmonized with high-tech electronic home appliances and surrounding accessories. On the kitchen, the high-glossy materials are used to express the external appearance neatly and the depository function is more improved for housewives.