• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for plant species abundance by stream restoration. Generally the stream plant is affected by stream gemophology. So in this study, the relationship between the vegetation abundance and stream gemophology was developed by multiple regression analysis. The stream characteristics utilized in this study were longitudinal slope, transectional slope, micro-landforms through the longitudinal direction, riparian width and geometric mean diameter and biggest diameter of bed material, and cumulated coarse and fine sand weight portion. The Pyungchang River with mountainous watershed and the Kyungan stream and the Bokha stream in the agricultural region were selected and vegetation species abundance and stream characteristics were documented from the site at 2~3km intervals from the upper stream to the lower. The Models for predicting the vegetation abundance were developed by multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistics package. The linear relationship between the dependant(species abundance) and independant(stream characteristics) variables was tested by a graphical method. Longitudinal and transectional slope had a nonlinear relationship with species abundance. In the next step, the independance between the independant variables was tested and the correlation between independant and dependant variables was tested by the Pearson bivariate correlation test. The selected independant variables were transectional slope, riparian width, and cumulated fine sand weight portion. From the multiple regression analysis, the $R^2$for the Pyungchang river, Kyungan stream, Bokga stream were 0.651, 0.512 and 0.240 respectively. The natural stream configuration in the Pyungchang river had the best result and the lower $R^2$for Kyunan and Bokha stream were due to human impact which disturbed the natural ecosystem. The lowest $R^2$for the Bokha stream was due to the shifting sandy bed. If the stream bed is fugitive, the prediction model may not be valid. Using the multiple regression models, the vegetation abundance could be predicted with stream characteristics such as, transection slope, riaparian width, cumulated fine sand weigth portion, after stream restoration.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2021

The seagrass habitats are a highly productive marine ecosystem which provides nursery ground and shelter for many fish and invertebrate species. Pholis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) is one of the most abundant seagrass fishes in the coastal waters of Korea. The estimation of fish production is key for devising conservation measures and ensuring fish resources sustainability. A total 894 P. nebulosa ranging from 3.83 to 26.5 cm total length (TL) were collected monthly in 2006 with a small beam trawl in a seagrass bed of southern Korea. Growth parameters of P. nebulosa were estimated using the von Bertalanffy growth model, and production was estimated using a general equation which relates daily fish production to ash-free dry weight (AFDW), biomass, and water temperature. The von Bertalanffy's growth equation was estimated as: L_t = 28.3823(1-e^{-0.7835(t+0.9864)}). The densities, biomass, daily, annual production, and P/B ratio were 0.069±0.061/m^-2, 1.022±0.621 g/m², 0.005±0.004 g AFDW/m²/day, 1.676 g AFDW/m²/yr, and 1.641, respectively. Monthly variation in production of P. nebulosa peaked during March and April 2006 (0.0139 and 0.0111 g AFDW/m²/day), whereas the lowest value of 0.0005 g AFDW/m²/day was in December. Monthly change in production of P. nebulosa was positively correlated with biomass and condition factor. Our results will contribute to the conservation of seagrass ecosystems, which are still undisturbed in the study area.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2021

In this study, the high-temperature oxidation properties of austenitic 316L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated and compared with conventional 316L manufactured by hot rolling (HR). The initial microstructure of LPBF-SS316L exhibits a molten pool ~100 ㎛ in size and grains grown along the building direction. Isotropic grains (~35 ㎛) are detected in the HR-SS316L. In high-temperature oxidation tests performed at 700℃ and 900℃, LPBF-SS316L demonstrates slightly superior high-temperature oxidation resistance compared to HR-SS316L. After the initial oxidation at 700℃, shown as an increase in weight, almost no further oxidation is observed for both materials. At 900℃, the oxidation weight displays a parabolic trend and both materials exhibit similar behavior. However, at 1100℃, LPBF-SS316L oxidizes in a parabolic manner, but HR-SS316L shows a breakaway oxidation behavior. The oxide layers of LPBF-SS316L and HR-SS316L are mainly composed of Cr₂O₃, Fe-based oxides, and spinel phases. In LPBF-SS316L, a uniform Cr depletion region is observed, whereas a Cr depletion region appears at the grain boundary in HR-SS316L. It is evident from the results that the microstructure and the high-temperature oxidation characteristics and behavior are related.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify the effect of fertilizer application and planting method on growth and yield of 'Seolhyang' strawberry during seedling raising. According to the concentration of fertilizer applied, the height of daughter plants was the highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf number and crown diameter were greatest at an EC of $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In the first measurement, root number was highest in non-fertilizer application, while root weight was heaviest in non-fertilizer application and EC $0.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The higher the concentration of fertilizer applied as culture media, the lower the growth rate. Thirty days after planting on the main field, plant height and number of new leaf were highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, no significant difference was found in leaf length and width and chlorophyll content according to fertilizer application. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In contrast, no significance was found in total marketable yield at an EC of $0.4-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Aconsistent pattern was exhibited in the growth of 1-5 harvesting flower clusters according to planting method. The length of leaf and flower cluster was short and chlorophyll content was low, when bed soil was removed 100% in harvesting of the first flower cluster. In all treatment, leaf length was shortened until harvesting of the second and third flower cluster, but rapidly lengthened in harvesting of the third and fourth flower clusters. Moreover, the length of flower cluster had a increasing tendency from harvesting of the third flower cluster. However, chlorophyll content was reduced continuously until harvesting of the fifth flower cluster, and was lowest in harvesting of the fourth flower cluster without removal of bed soil. Total yield was greatest in treatment of crown removal in bed soil between November and May. Late marketable yield between March and May was highest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal, followed by treatment of crown removal. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in treatment of crown removal between December and February, while greatest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal between March and May.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

돌침대에 사용되는 석재의 무게를 줄여 경량화를 추구하려면 석재의 두께를 줄이고 보강재료로 석재의 강도를 유지해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 돌침대용 석재/목재 보드 개발에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 돌침대에 삽입될 돌의 무게를 줄이기 위해 석재와 목재를 접합하였다. 목재의 강도 향상과 표면개질을 위하여 열처리 조건에 따른 목재의 물성변화를 관찰하였다. 대기 조건에서 열처리한 목재의 경우 고온의 온도에 따라 목재의 강성이 높아졌다. 열처리 최적조건은 표면에너지와 인장, 굴곡 강도변화 경향을 바탕으로 $100^{\circ}C$ 조건임을 확인하였다. 석재와 목재간 높은 접착력을 확보하기 위해 최적의 접착제 조성을 연구하였다. 아민계 에폭시 접착제, 폴리우레탄(PU)계 접착제, 염화고무계(CR) 접착제 마지막으로 염화비닐초산계 접착제에 따른 석재와 목재간 랩 전단실험을 진행하였다. 랩 전단 실험 후 파단면을 관찰해볼 때 에폭시 접착제를 이용할 때 목재 기지의 인열 파괴가 발생되었다. 접착면에서의 전단력이 목재 자체의 파괴 강도보다 높다는 결과를 바탕으로 최적의 접착제 조건이 에폭시계 접착제임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2014

하수슬러지를 유동층 소각으로 처리할 때 유동매체가 $N_2O$ 발생에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 유동매체로 zeolite 분말을 혼합하여 2 mm의 구형으로 제조하였다. 유동사의 평균크기 0.4 mm인 것을 유동매체로 사용할시 최소유동화속도($U_{mf}$)는 0.44 m/s로 나타났으나, 2 mm zeolite 유동매체를 사용하였을 경우, 최소유동화속도는 0.5 m/s로 다소 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유동층 소각로 내경에 대한 유동층 높이의 비(bed aspect ratio)를 1.4에서 3.1로 증가시켰을 때, 최소유동화속도는 0.5 m/s 에서 0.7 m/s로 다소 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 과잉공기비가 1.79이고, 유동층 온도는 $909^{\circ}C$, 공탑속도는 약 1.65 m/s의 운전 조건에서, 유동매체 양의 증가에 따라 배가스 $O_2$ 농도는 다소 감소하였으며, $CO_2$의 농도는 다소 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 유동매체의 양이 6 kg (bed aspect ratio 1.98) 이상일 때 $N_2O$의 농도가 크게 감소하였는데, 이러한 감소는 $N_2O$의 NOx로 전환이라기보다는 zeolite 유동매체에 의한 $N_2O$ 분해 반응에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 한편, zeolite 유동매체를 유동사와 혼합하여, 유동층 높이를 일정하게 유지하고, zeolite 유동매체의 혼합 비율과 유동층 온도를 변화시켰을 때, $N_2O$의 발생농도는 혼합비율 보다 유동층 온도에 의해 크게 의존하였으며, 고온으로 갈수록 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 소각 운전 온도를 고려하였을 때, zeolite 유동매체의 소성 온도는 $900^{\circ}C$에서 수행하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.591-600
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• 1993

염소화에 의한 텅스텐 추출 공정의 공업화를 위해 유동층 반응기에서 회중석의 염소화반응이 조사되었다. 본 실험의 모든 결과는 텅스텐 성분이 유동충 반응기에서 성공적으로 염소화됨을 보여주었다. 본 실험의 적정 조건은 다음과 같다. : 반응온도 $900^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 : 20 min, 염소가스 유속 : 13.2cm/sec 그리고 회중석에 대한 petroleum coke의 무게비 : 0.2 또한 회중석과 petroleum coke의 평균 직경은 각각 $150.5{{\mu}m}$ 그리고 $750.9{{\mu}m}$이다. 이러한 조건하에서 회중석 중의 텅스텐 성분이 95% 이상이 염소화되었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

Medical bed head consoles (BHC) are generally used to increase the efficiency of medical equipment and speed the medical treatment response time. The BHC design has been consistently improved including a movable shelf unit that is embedded to mount stably medical instruments on the lower part of the main console. The cost of a BHC can be reduced through design optimization to limit the overall weight. However, as the size of a head console might decrease due to design optimization, the BHC deflection could be increased. In this study, multi-objective optimal design was adopted to consider this BHC design problem. In order to reduce the cost of optimization planning, an approximate model was applied for the design optimization. In the context of approximate optimization, we used the response surface method and non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm developed from various fields. Multi-objective optimal solutions were also compared with a single objective optimal design.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

The feasibility of laccase production by immobilization of Pleurotus ostreatus 1804 on polyurethane foam (PUF) cubes with respect to media composition was studied in both batch and reactor systems. Enhanced laccase yield was evidenced due to immobilization. A relatively high maximum laccase activity of 312.6 U was observed with immobilized mycelia in shake flasks compared to the maximum laccase activity of free mycelia (272.2 U). It is evident from this study that the culture conditions studied, i.e. biomass level, pH, substrate concentration, yeast extract concentration, $Cu^{2+}$ concentration, and alcohol nature, showed significant influence on the laccase yield. Gel electrophoretic analysis showed the molecular weight of the laccase produced by immobilized P. ostreatus to be 66 kDa. The laccase yield was significantly higher and more rapid in the packed bed reactor than in the shake flask experiments. A maximum laccase yield of 392.9 U was observed within 144 h of the fermentation period with complete glucose depletion.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1542-1549
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• 2009

The function of subgrade in the railway is to support track load on the subgrade as well as train load. Unlike the traditional railway, the uppermost subgrade layer in the Gyeongbu high speed railway was constructed as the reinforced road bed. The reinforced road bed comprises sub-ballast in the upper part and grade ballast in the lower part. The filling material such as soil and rocks in the subgrade can be settled by consolidation of original ground, compression due to self weight, plastic displacement due to train operation, and unequal settlement due to embankment material or improper compaction, therefore many efforts have been given for sufficient compaction and use of proper filling materials in the construction stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the deformation state of subgrade in the Gyeongbu high speed railway. The investigation on the subgrade settlement was performed by choosing representative sections suspected to be settled based on the previous GPR test results and track maintenance history, measuring the settlement for some time period after installing settlement measuring instruments on and under the reinforced road bed. and analyzing the long-term subgrade settlement data from monitoring system which was installed at the construction stage of the high speed railway.