• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.200-210
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• 2017

본 연구는 조선후기 병서 중 "이진총방"의 진도(陣圖)를 바탕으로 고전 진법의 기본모형(陣形)을 재구성하여 진법의 구성원리와 운영체계를 분석하였다. 연구방법은 고전진법의 기본인 방진(方陣)을 토대로 원진(圓陣), 직진(直陣), 곡진(曲陣), 예진(銳陣) 등의 오방진(五方陣)과 현무진(玄武陣), 팔진(八陣), 육화진(六花陣), 구군진도(九軍陣圖) 등 진법의 운영체계를 재구성하여 비교분석 하였다. 분석결과, 모든 진법의 운용은 기본적으로 방진에서 출발하되 정사각, 직사각, 오각형 그리고 원형의 형태로 변형되고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 진법 내부의 진용 구성은 5가지 선형을 활용하는 바 직사각, 정사각, 대각선, 곡선, 원형 등 5가지 동선체계로 이루어져 있음을 확인하였다. 연구대상인 원진도는 기본방진에서 2중 원의 선형으로 동선체계를 갖추고, 예진도는 기본방진의 편성대열에서 여타 진법보다 최소의 동선거리로 공격적 선형을 갖춘다. 곡진도는 방패형 2중진 형태로 이동동선을 유지하고, 현무진도는 거북모양의 진형으로 좌우 균형의 5각형 동선을 형성한다. 육화진은 원이 지니는 회전력을 무기로 삼는 진법으로 좌우 및 상하 대칭으로 원주율이 같은 여섯 개의 원형동선을 형성하여 꽃잎모양의 선형(線形)을 갖춘 형태이다. 구군진도는 육화진도에서의 원형 대신 9개 정사각형 선형(線形)을 갖추는 방식이다. 팔진도는 정사각, 직사각, 십자형의 3가지 선형으로 14개 진형을 형성하며 면과 선, 외곽선과 대각선의 중층적 3중 방어체계를 갖춘 동선체계이다. 연구 성과는 군사적인 면에서 진법의 실체를 규명함으로써 조선시대 전투양상의 실체를 파악하게 해주면서, 현대전에서 병사들의 훈련에 활용가능한 병법의 유형을 제시한 점에서 군사적, 학술적 가치를 지닌다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.213-253
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• 2018

The Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905) in the early 20th century greatly influenced the international politics in Northeast Asia and the destiny of both countries. There are many studies on the cause of the outbreak and its effect on the Korean peninsula. The victory and defeat of the battle of Tsushima also the subject of research by renowned scholars and navy officers. Many previous studies have analyzed the process of engagement. However, There was a lack of research that analyzed at the tactical level of naval commanders. Therefore, this study tries to review the battle of Tsushima in terms of tactical level, that is formation, maneuvering, damage control. Naval operations at sea with many variables are not always done as planned. The intuitive judgement and readiness have had a decisive impact on victory and defeat. The analysis of the naval warfare on the basis of formation, maneuvering, and damage control makes the cause of the win more clearly. The conclusion of the this study can be summarized in five ways. First, victory would be achieved through the suppression of the beginning. The destiny of the Tsushima battle was determined by an 1 hour after first firing. The Japanese fleet caught fire by paralyzing the command and control capabilities of the Russian fleet. Second, the Japanese fleet's power was superior to the Russian fleet. In general, Japan and Russia had similar powers, and Admiral Togo's "T crossing tactics" decisively contributed the victory. However, when compared to the weapon system level, formation and maneuvering, Japan was much more dominant. Third, people realized that one side to be annihilated in the battle between similar powers after the Tsushima battle. The common perception before the Battle of Tsushima was that the battle ship would not sunken, and that the result of wiping out was difficult. However, there is s time for one sided victory and defeat depending on the early suppression nad the destruction of the command and control ability. Fourth, it is the importance of damage control ability. The main cause of the Russian fleet's loss of command and control ability was thick smoke from fire, and maneuverability was greatly deteriorated due to coal overload. In this way, importance is still valid after more than 100 tears. Fifth, the area of uncertainty. In the navy battles, one or two shots of clear firing in the beginning and small misconception and minor mistakes decide win or loss. Ultimately, this area of fortune can be linked to mindset of the commander. I hope this research will be help to naval researchers and naval commanders at the sea.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권5호
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• pp.393-599
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• 2007

In order to restore the Hwangsanbeol Combat at present, it is necessary to make a close examination on the name of the military cops, the number of units, and the numerical strength, an unit organization, and a combat formation. Based on Samguksagi, Samgukyusa, other historical documents and military history information, I tried to restore the Hwansanbeol Combat as follow. The Shilla, at the 7 year of Mooyeol Dynasty, AD. 660, maintained 35 military units. The Shilla committed18 military units from among 35 units to battle against Baekje at the 7 Year of Mooyeol Danasty. The names ofmilitary units are as follow: 1) Daedang, 2) Sangjoojeong, 3) Hajoojeong, 4) Seodang, 5) Nangdang, 6) Eumlihwajeong, 7) Samryanghwajeong, 8) Sosarnjeong, 9) Namcheonjeong, 10) Leehwahaejeong, 11) Kaegeumdang, 12) Geupdang, 13) Nodang, 14) Woonjaednag, 15) Chungdang, 16) Suktoodang, 17) Gwidang, and 18) Soogun. The numerical strength, which the Shilla maintained at the year of A.D. 660, was total 106,353 persons from 35 military units. Shilla committed 57,433 military personnel to combats against the Great Baekche. Ground Forces from the 57,433 personnel were 58,343 persons, and the naval forces were 9,100 persons. Finally, 2,602 persons from among the 9,100 naval forces were only combating forces, and non-combat forces were 6498 persons.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.85-106
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• 1999

To the extent that CISG and UNIDROIT Principles address the same issues, the rules laid down in the latter are normally taken either literally or at least in substance from the corresponding provisions of the former. Nevertheless, we may find cases where the latter depart from the former. The purpose of this paper is comparison of the two instruments, especially in part of contract formation. The result of this paper shows the fact that in the chapter of UNIDROIT Principles on formation provisions are included on the manner in which requirements that an offer and an acceptance must meet are more comprehensive, and in result a contract may be concluded more easily.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

This study primarily concerns the cases recently held as to the formation of contract under the CISG. In order to put forward the most plausible direction to interpret the rules on the formation of contract under the CISG, it particularly deals with the followings. First, it scrutinizes the rules on the formation of contract, focusing on the requirements of offer and acceptance, the time when such offer and acceptance become effective, the issues on the battle of forms. Second, it introduces two recent interesting cases regarding the formation of contract and provides legal and practical advice to the contracting parties when they intend to conclude a contract under the CISG as a governing law. The followings are practical points that the parties should consider when they enter into contract. First, as any signature or intial made in the offer could be regarded as an acceptance, the parties are required to clarify the meaning of such signature or initials before the conclusion of contract. Second, it is not necessarily required one's signature for an offer to become effective but his name. Third, standard terms cannot be incorporated into the contract simply by reference to web-page or other documents. In order for such terms to be incorporated, it may be necessary to enclose them in the offer or to bring the other party's attention to them. Forth, one should remember that an acceptance by act become effective not when such act is complete, but when it is performed.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2016

본 연구는 최근 구매주문서 발송을 조건으로 한 매도인의 승낙을 주요 이슈로 하는 CISG상 판례가 있어 이를 소개하고 심층 분석한 논문에 해당한다. 이러한 분석을 위해 CISG상 계약의 성립 관련 조항을 청약과 승낙으로 나누어 고찰하고, 특히 이 판례의 주요 이슈가 되고 있는 대응청약과 승낙의 요건 및 연착된 승낙의 인용 관련 조항을 주로 고찰하였다. 이와 더불어 판례의 분석과 CISG상 관련 조항의 분석을 통해 CISG를 준거법으로 하여 국제물품매매거래에 임하는 거래 당사자들이 유의하여야 할 실무적 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.257-281
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• 2017

본 연구는 국제무역거래에 있어 빈번하게 사용되는 약관의 계약편입과 관련하여 CISG 자문위원회의 공식 의견인 Black Letter Rule을 중심으로 고찰한다. 그 주요 내용으로 약관의 계약편입 관련 적용규정과 요건을 상세히 고찰하고, 약관의 계약편입을 의도한 청약상 참조표시 및 약관내용의 명확성 요건을 살펴보도록 한다. 이와 더불어 약관의 계약편입 관련 기타 원칙으로서 계약체결 후 약관편입의 배제, 의외조항배제, 개별약정우선, 작성자 불이익 원칙 및 서식분쟁에 대하여 살펴본다. 이와 더불어 본 연구는 약관의 계약편입 관련 기존 판례 및 학설을 검토한 후 이를 CISG 자문위원회의 공식의견과 상호 비교 검토함으로 약관의 계약편입 관련 원칙을 재정립하고 이에 따른 실무적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural space of Chimjeon (寢殿), the King's Bedroom, and Backyard, in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Royal palace can be divided into three parts, political space for King, living space for King and his family and government office. So first, we should to understand the characteristics of each space in the Royal Palace. Up to now we have looked at the architectural space of the King's Bedroom in the central area and Backyard in Gyeongbokgung (景福宮), one of the Royal Palace, the result of this study is as followings. Cheonchujeon (千秋殿) and Manchunjeon (萬春殿) were not both sides of Sajeongjeon (思政殿), were on the north side of Gangnyeongjeon (康寧殿) Gangnyeongjeon was not a bedroom for the King and Queen, only for King. Bedroom for Queen was located another space in the Royal palace. There was Hamwonjeon on the west side of Koytaejeon. Jamidang and Cheongyeonroo were on the right side of Koytaejeon The Backyard on the north side of Gyeongbokgung had a wide area for horseback archery and the practice of battle formation The arrangement of the King's bedroom in the central area was assumed like as the Fig 7. and Fig 8.

• 천문학논총
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

The international cooperation project CIBER (Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment) is a rocket-borne instrument, of which the scientific goal is to measure the cosmic near-infrared extra-galactic background to search for signatures of primordial galaxy formation. CIBER consists of a wide-field two-color camera, a low-resolution absolute spectrometer, and a high-resolution narrow-band imaging spectrometer. Currently, all the subsystems have been built, and the integration, testing, and calibration of the CIBER system are on process for the scheduled launch in June 2008.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2012

The positions of vessels in JTIDS where each vessel broadcasts its position, can be found using the relative navigation method. Besides positioning, the relative navigation could be adopted for identification friend or foe, tracking targets, monitoring battle field and etc. In this paper, we have explained the fundamental operation and technical structure for the relative navigation and implemented the simulation platform to evaluate the basic function and performance of the system in arbitrary environment. Using platform, the availability of relative navigation within the group network and the characteristic of the algorithm for position prediction was verified. Based on the simulation result, it was verified that EKF based navigation algorithm could produce great initial error and need quite convergence time. To improve the performance, we proposed a new navigation algorithm which uses the minimum norm estimation algorithm until the EKF converges. The simulation results reveal the relative navigation can be effectively used in the formation flight and collision avoidance system.