• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 1995

농산 폐기물인 배추 뿌리에 다량으로 존재하는 peroxidase를 산업적으로 이용하기 위하여 배추 뿌 라를 JUicer로 대량 추출하여 객상효소 부분과 고형 물 부분을 얻었다. Peroxidase는 액상 부분에 약 6 66%, 고형물 부분에 34%가 분포되어 있으므로 두 부분을 모두 이용하여 phenol성 폐수의 효소적 처리를 검토하였다. Batch stirred reactor에서 액상효소(1,800 unit/$\ell$) 를 이용하여 150ppm의 phenol 용액을 처리한 결과 3시간 후에 96% 의 phenol을 중 합시켜 침전으로 제거할 수 있었다. 한편 pulp를 이용한 air lift reactor(600 unit/$\ell$) 에서는 120ppm의 초기 phenol 농도로부터 5ppm까지 제거할 수 있 다. Batch stirred reactor에 비하여 air lift reactor에 첨가된 효소의 양이 1/3임에도 불구하고 거의 비숫한 phenol 제거 효율을 냐타내었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

축산폐수를 처리 시 우선 탈수 후 고상은 퇴비화, 액상을 연속회분식반응기(Sequencing batch reactor, SBR)로 이용하여 처리하는 시스템을 구상하였다. 영양염류 제거를 위한 SBR 공정의 안정적인 운전을 위한 운전모드 결정 실험을 수행하였다. K시 공공축산폐수처리장의 원심분리기에서 나온 유출수를 사용한 실험에서 질소를 제거하기 위한 적정 fill ratio는 1/12, SRT는 15일, 폭기/비폭기 주기는 2시간/1시간이었다. 탈질을 위하여 주입한 외부탄소원으로는 메탄올을 사용하였고 single feeding 방법과 step feeding 방법을 사용하였다. 이 결과 step feeding 방법을 사용시 더 효과적으로 유기물을 사용 탈질효율을 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1993년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); Seoul National University, Seoul; 20-22 Oct. 1993
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• pp.749-753
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• 1993

It is very difficult to control batch reactor with conventional linear controller due to its severe nonlinearity. To control the nonlinearity of batch reactor, we applied with relay feedback method and SOAS. The SOAS can be designed to work quite well, but it requires engineering effect and some knowledge about the process in order to get a satisfactory performance of the closed loop system For the applications to more reliable, further studies on robustness in various situations and process noises and would be required.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2024

Various core designs with multi-batch fuel management (FM) are proposed and optimized for an innovative small modular reactor (iSMR), focusing on enhancing the inherent safety and neutronic performance. To achieve soluble-boron-free (SBF) operation, cylindrical centrally-shielded burnable absorbers (CSBAs) are utilized, reducing the burnup reactivity swing in both two- and three-batch FMs. All 69 fuel assemblies (FAs) are loaded with 2-cylindrical CSBA. Furthermore, the neutron economy is improved by deploying a truly-optimized PWR (TOP) lattice with a smaller fuel radius, optimized for neutron moderation under the SBF condition. The fuel shuffling and CSBA loading patterns are proposed for both 2- and 3-batch FM with the aim to lower the core leakage and achieve favorable power profiles. Numerical results show that both FM configurations achieve a small reactivity swing of about 1000 pcm and the power distributions are within the design criteria. The average discharge burnup in the two-batch core is comparable to three-batch commercial PWR like APR-1400. The proposed checker-board CR pattern with extended fingers effectively assures cold shutdown in the two-batch FM scenario, while in the three-batch FM, three N-1 scenarios are failed. The whole evaluation process is conducted using Monte Carlo Serpent 2 code in conjunction with ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear library.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.931-936
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• 1992

In operational pont of view, the batch reactor is quite different from the continuous reactor in that it is completely in unsteady states. This makes process variables swing over wide ranges and the process disclose its nonlinerarities. For the most part these nonlinearities are due to reaction heat. Accordingly it is very important to know the informations of reaction heat. This paper presents the method of reaction heat measurement in industrial batch reator which furnishes the limited measurable points. The informations of reaction heat are utilized in modeling of the batch reactor as well as deciding the stability and control variables.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 2001년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.125-128
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• 2001

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of various arsenite concentrations on bio-hydrogen production from molasses using a sequence batch reactor (SBR) operated in a series of three batch cycles. In the first batch cycle, hydrogen production was stimulated at arsenite concentrations lower than 2.0 mg/L, while inhibition occurred at arsenite concentration higher than 2.0 mg/L compared to the control. Hydrogen production decreased substantially during the second batch cycle, while no hydrogen was produced during the third batch cycle at all tested concentrations. The toxic density increased with respect to the increase in arsenite concentrations (6.0 > 1.6 > 1.0 > 0.5 mg/L) and operation cycles (third cycle > second cycle > first cycle). The presence of microorganisms such as Clostridium sp. MSTE9, Uncultured Dysgonomonas sp. clone MEC-4, Pseudomonas parafulva FS04, and Uncultured bacterium clone 584CL3e9 resulted in active stimulation of hydrogen production, however, it was unlikely that Enterobacter sp. sed221 was not related to hydrogen production. The tolerance of arsenite in hydrogen producing microorganisms decreased with the increase in induction time, which resulted in severing the inhibition of continuous hydrogen production.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1000-1003
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• 1996

Nonlinear unified predictive control(UPC) algorithm was applied to the temperature control of a batch polymerization reactor for polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Before the polymerization reaction is initiated, the parameters of the process model are determined by the recursive least squares(RLS) method. During the reaction, nonlinearities due to generation of heat of reaction and variation of heat transfer coefficients are predicted through the nonlinear model developed. These nonlinearities are added to the process output from the linear process model. And then, the predicted process output is used to calculate the control output sequence. The performance of nonlinear control algorithm was verified by simulation and compared with that of the linear unified predictive control algorithm. In the experiment of a batch PMMA polymerization, nonlinear unified predictive control was implemented to regulate the temperature of the reactor, and the validity of the nonlinear model was verified through the experimental results. The performance of the nonlinear controller turned out to be superior to that of the linear controller for tracking abrupt changes in setpoint.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1995년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automation Control Conference, 10th (KACC); Seoul, Korea; 23-25 Oct. 1995
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• pp.51-55
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• 1995

An adaptive unified predictive control (UPC) algorithm is applied to a batch polymerization reactor for poly(methyl methancrylate) (PMMA) and the effects of controller parameters are investigated. Computational studies are performed for a batch polymerization system model developed in this study. A transfer function in parametric form is estimated by recursive least squares (RLS) method, and the UPC algorithm is implemented to control the reactor temperature on the basis of this transfer function. The adaptive unified predictive controller shows a better performance than the PID controller for tracking set point changes, especially in the latter part of reaction course when gel effect becomes significant. Various performance can be acquired by selecting adequate values for parameters of the adaptive unified predictive controller; in other words, the optimal set of parameters exists for a given set of reaction conditions and control objective.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 회분식 실험 및 $A_2/O$ 공법의 연속식 실험으로 구리가 생분해, 산소소모율 및 질산화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 구리 영향 실험 결과 유기물 분해는 회분식 실험의 경우 구리 농도 4.5 mg/L 이상, 연속식은 구리 농도 2.0 mg/L 이상일 때 영향을 미쳤다. 질산화 및 질소 제거의 경우 회분식은 구리 농도 4.5 mg/L 이상에서 질산화에 영향을 미쳤으며, 연속식의 경우 구리 농도 1 mg/L 이상일 때 질소 제거에 영향을 미쳤다. 인 제거의 경우 회분식은 구리 농도 4.5 mg/L, 연속식은 구리 농도 2 mg/L 이상일 때 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 산소소모율의 경우 회분식과 연속식 모두 구리 농도 1.5 mg/L 이상일 경우 미생물 활성에 나쁜 영향을 주어 산소소모율이 낮아졌다.