• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2023

Multiple cohorts (e.g., current students and graduates) were formed to collect information on the entire educational process from admission to graduation regarding students' educational performances at Kosin University College of Medicine. Data that had already been collected and analyzed by different committees for different purposes were grouped into a more systematic and comprehensive system called the cohort system, enabling the necessary data to be collected promptly and analyzed in accordance with the purpose of providing meaningful information in each area of the educational process. Therefore, comprehensive cohort data that can be used for mission statement revision, curriculum development and improvement, student counseling, and student selection were established and utilized. The cohort data were collected from performance evaluation indicators including self-evaluation surveys, evaluation tools for learning outcomes, academic achievement, results of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination, and career placement. Based on the results obtained by analyzing cohort data, a comprehensive cohort report has been published. The data analyzed through the cohort were reported to each committee and used in various ways. Currently, however, only some data have been analyzed and used. In the future, after complete data collection, the cohort data can be used as meaningful basic data for achieving the institution's mission and educational goals, developing and improving the curriculum, counseling students, and selecting students through the analysis of learning performance data from student admission to graduation and after graduation.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2002

Generally a speaker verification system improves its system recognition ratio by regularizing log likelihood ratio, using a speaker model and its background speaker model that are required to be verified. The speaker-based cohort method is one of the methods that are widely used for selecting background speaker model. Recently, Gaussian-based cohort model has been suggested as a virtually synthesized cohort model, and unlike a speaker-based model, this is the method that chooses only the probability distributions close to basic speaker's probability distribution among the several neighboring speakers' probability distributions and thereby synthesizes a new virtual speaker model. It shows more excellent results than the existing speaker-based method. This study compared the existing speaker-based background speaker models and virtual speaker models and then constructed new virtual background speaker model groups which combined them in a certain ratio. For this, this study constructed a speaker verification system that uses GMM (Gaussin Mixture Model), and found that the suggested method of selecting virtual background speaker model shows more improved performance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

The KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was launched in 2011 with the support of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The study was designed with the aim of exploring the various clinical features and characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Koreans, and elucidating the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes of CKD. For the cohort study, nephrologists at 9 tertiary university-affiliated hospitals participated in patient recruitment and follow-up. Biostatisticians and epidemiologists also participated in the basic design and structuring of the study. From 2011 until 2016, the KNOW-CKD Phase I recruited 2238 adult patients with CKD from stages G1 to G5, who were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The KNOW-CKD Phase II recruitment was started in 2019, with an enrollment target of 1500 subjects, focused on diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive kidney diseases in patients with reduced kidney function who are presumed to be at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. As of 2021, the KNOW-CKD investigators have published articles in the fields of socioeconomics, quality of life, nutrition, physical activity, renal progression, cardiovascular disease and outcomes, anemia, mineral bone disease, serum and urine biomarkers, and international and inter-ethnic comparisons. The KNOW-CKD researchers will elaborate a prediction model for various outcomes of CKD such as the development of end-stage kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4785-4790
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• 2013

Background and Objectives: Evidence for associations between alcohol consumption with breast cancer survival are conflicting, so we conducted the present meta-analysis. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted to find cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between alcohol consumption with breast cancer survival. Data were analyzed with meta-analysis software. Results: We included 25 cohort studies. The meta-analysis results showed that alcohol consumption was not associated with increased breast cancer mortality and recurrence after pooling all data from highest versus lowest comparisons. Subgroup analyses showed that pre-diagnostic or post-diagnostic consumpotion, and ER status did not affect the relationship with breast cancer mortality and recurrence. Although the relationships of different alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence were not significant, there seemed to be a dose-response relationship of alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence. Only alcohol consumption of >20 g/d was associated with increased breast cancer mortality, but not with increased breast cancer recurrence. Conclusion: Although our meta-analysis showed alcohol drinking was not associated with increased breast cancer mortality and recurrence, there seemed to be a dose-response relationship of alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence and alcohol consumption of >20 g/d was associated with increased breast cancer mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.955-961
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• 2007

Population projections provides useful basic information for the need of economic resources and labor forces. The National Office of Statistics(NSO) presents population projections for the whole country and some of higher level local governments, but not do projections of the lower level local governments. Here are some projection methods as Hamilton-Perry methods and modified auto regression methods, which are compared to cohort method published by NSO in case of Daegu metropolitan city. The simulation results are a little stagnant with modified auto regression, but a little declines are shown with NSO and HP method, for 2010, 2015 and 2020 year, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

Research outcome shows the following: 1. Estimation by the year 2015 on the number of the aged people and on the number of the household of living alone and living with spouse only, per age-cohort by 5 years, per basic self-govern-ins local groups and the city of Daegu. The result is supposed to serve as meaningful basic material in building up future policies in many areas for the aged people living in their homes. 2. Estimation varies according to the areas and the age-cohorts. In urban areas, increase of the numbers of the households of the aged people living alone and living with spouse only is estimated in every age-cohort. In rural areas, variance between two age-groups, old-old and young-old, is observed. Both of the numbers of the households for the aged living alone and the aged living with spouse only have increased continuously by the year 2005. But the hither-to increase tendency is estimated to reverse itself to a decrease starting from the younger within the young-old age group, and the ratio of the old-old age-group in rural population will sharply increase starting from the year 2005. Such increase in the number of the aged people in need of the housing and the social support requires the increasing policy consideration for the issue of housing for the aged living in their homes. In spite of the decreasing tendency in the number of the aged people living alone and living with spouse only in rural areas, still there will continue to be more number of such households than in urban area for the time being. The government of Gyeongsangbuk-Do should pay more consideration to the old-old aged living alone and living with spouse only in rural areas, while being prepared for the sharply increasing households for the aged living alone and living with spouse only in urban areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10217-10223
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• 2015

Hyperactivated ${\alpha}2$-6-sialylation on N-glycans due to overexpression of the Golgi enzyme ${\beta}$-galactoside: ${\alpha}2$-6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I) often correlates with cancer progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. This study was aimed to determine the association between ST6Gal-I expression and the risk of recurrence and survival of patients with localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. We retrospectively enrolled 391 patients (265 in training cohort and 126 in validation cohort) with localized ccRCC underwent nephrectomy at a single center. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of ST6Gal-I. Prognostic value and clinical outcomes were evaluated. High ST6Gal-I expression was associated with Fuhrman grade (p<0.001 and p=0.016, respectively) and the University of California Los-Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) score (p=0.004 and p=0.017, respectively) in both cohorts. Patients with high ST6Gal-I expression had significantly worse overall survival (OS) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and recurrence free survival (RFS) (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) than those with low expression in both cohorts. On multivariate analysis, ST6Gal-I expression remained associated with OS and RFS even after adjusting for the UISS score. Stratified analysis suggested that the association is more pronounced among patients with low and intermediate-risk disease defined by the UISS score. High ST6Gal-I expression is a potential independent adverse predictor of survival and recurrence in ccRCC patients, and the prognostic value is most prominent in those with low and intermediate-risk disease defined by the UISS score.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.328-335
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• 1998

한국통신의 음성인식 시스템에서 사용하는 기본 음소의 효율적인 설정을 위하여 음소인식률을 구하고 유사하게 인식되는 음소들의 집합인 cohort set을 구하여, 인식률을 최대로 하는 기본음소 집합을 찾는 방법이다. 실험 방식은 기본음소 59개로부터 시작하여 음소를1개씩 줄여가면서 최대 음소 인식률이 나오도록 하였다. 실험 결과 최고 성능을 나타내는 기본 음소 set을 구할 수 있었다.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-171
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish a model for constructing longitudinal data for medical school, and to structure cohort and longitudinal data using data from Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) according to the established input-environment-output (I-E-O) model. The study was conducted according to the following procedure. First, the data that YUCM has collected was reviewed through data analysis and interviews with the person in charge of each questionnaire. Second, the opinions of experts on the validity of the I-E-O model were collected through the first expert consultation, and as a result, a model was established for each stage of medical education based on the I-E-O model. Finally, in order to further materialize and refine the previously established model for each stage of medical education, secondary expert consultation was conducted. As a result, the survey areas and time period for collecting longitudinal data were organized according to the model for each stage of medical education, and an example of the YUCM cohort constructed according to the established model for each stage of medical education was presented. The results derived from this study constitute a basic step toward building data from universities in longitudinal form, and if longitudinal data are actually constructed through this method, they could be used as an important basis for determining major policies or reorganizing the curricula of universities. These research results have implications in terms of the management and utilization of existing survey data, the composition of cohorts, and longitudinal studies for many medical schools that are conducting surveys in various areas targeting students, such as lecture evaluation and satisfaction surveys.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4097-4100
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• 2012

Background/Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely considered to be associated with risk of cancer, but studies investigating the association between DM and prostate cancer in Asian countries have reported inconsistent findings. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of studies published on the subject. Methods: Cohort or case-control studies were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase and Wanfang databases through May 30, 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by the study type. Results: Finally, we identified 7 studies (four cohort studies and three case-control studies) with a total of 1,751,274 subjects from Asians. DM was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (unadjusted RR= 2.82, 95% CI 1.73.4.58, P < 0.001; adjusted RR= 1.31, 95% CI 1.12.1.54, P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses by study design further confirmed an obvious association. Conclusion: Findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians.