• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2001

Development process of benthic community on experimental substrata attached on a newly installed artificial reef complex in Jeju Island was observed for 27 months from 1992 to 1994. Among 34 species of algae and 64 species of zoobenthos obtained from the study, Ecklonia cava dominated with a maximum biomass of about $10kg/m^2$. It was able to smother the other animals, however it provided a new substrate for the new settlers. Opportunistic bryzoans such as Likenopora radiata and Dexiospira spirillum occurred during the early stage were substituted by poriferans, banacles and other bryzoans. Young barnacles were smothered by bryozoans, on the contrary, bryozoans were bulldozed by adult barnacles. No apparent differences have been observed between vertically and horizontally installed substrates in terms of species composition and biomass during the early stage of succession. Thereafter owing to the rapid growth of E. cava, the horizontal substrata carried on a higher biomass while the vertical showed a higher coverage. The benthic process on the experimental substrata can be classified into three stages: initial stage, build up stage and regulatory stage. Important mechanisms involved were canopying of E. cava, suffocation by bryozoans and poriferans, and bulldozing of adult barnacles.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 1992

Three species of foreign barnacles were found to invade into Korean interitidal seashores: Balanus amphitrite, B. ebumeus and B. improvisus. The southeastern coast of Korea, near Pusan, is the area where all the specimens of three species were discovered and the populations of these species were well establishe. B. amphitrite is the earliest invader(probably invaded around early 1970's) and most widely distributed in Korea. It is now distributed all around Korea, except the Yellow Sea coast, north of Mokpo. B. improvisus has been successful to expand its reange to the northern part of Korean coast of the East Sea, whereas B. eburneus is restricted to the southeastern coast. B. amphitrite is successfully competing with the native barnacle, B. albicostatus, and in several areas where the mixed populations of the two species occur, the latter species is found to excluded. The Yellow Sea coast has not been invaded by the foreign barnacles, the reason of which is not known.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-194
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• 1980

The authors examined intertidal and sublittoral balanomorph barnacles which were collected from 38 localities in South Korea during the period from 1963 to 1978. 2. Identified and classified materials are composed of 15 species and 2 subspecies, all of which are described, under 10 genera and 5 damilies, of which 2 species and 1 subspecies are new to Korea as follows: Chelonibia patula, Chirona (Striatobalanus) amaryllis, Solidobalanus (Hesperibalanus) hesperius hesperius. 3. As dominant species, Chthamalus challengeri and Tetraclita squamosa japonica are widely distributed in Korea through East Sea, South Sea and Yellow Sea. 4. Balanus albicostatus and B. kondakovi are commonly found in intertidal brackish waters of Yellos Sea and South Sea, whereas, B. trigonus and Megabalanus rosa are typical sublittoral forms.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 1998

Three new marine heterotardigrades, Archechiniscus symbalanus, and Styraconyx craticuliformis of the family Halechiniscidae and Echiniscoides andamanensis of the family Echiniscoididae, are reported on the basis of the specimens sieved from intertidal barnacles in the Thai coast of the Andaman Sea. Archechinisos symbalanus n. sp. is related to Archehiniscus minutus Grimaldi De Zio and D'Addabbo Gallo, but discernible from it by possessing median cirrus, stylet sheath, sensory spine of leg l, prominent basal processes on all leg pairs, and S-shaped seminal receptacles. Styraconyx craticuliformis n. sp. is similar to S. craticulus (Pollock) in bearing the grid-like dorsal cuticle, but distinguished from it by the shape of claws and cirrophore of primary clava. Ediniscoides andamanensis n. sp. is rebated to Echiniscoides pollocki Hallas and Kristensen and E. sigismundi sigismundi (M. Schultze) in sharing the same patterns of sensory leg appendages and the claw configuration of 8-8-8-7, but characterized by the shape of cirri, pharyngeal apparatus and female gonopore.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2017

It takes lots of time and labor if a worker have to measure the water quality at a certain but designated time every day in an un-automated aqua farm. In addition, if the equipment is soaked in the sea water consistently, it will be contaminated by diverse floating matters and barnacles, and it often becomes mal-functional within 2~3 months. Therefore, we need to develop a system with which the sensed data could be checked in real time and operated automatically, while preventing the contamination of the sensor, a crucial component for water quality measuring equipment, as much as possible, and increasing the replacement cycle. We have developed a non-cleaning water quality measuring equipment and its software which are used in the fishery household of offshore aqua farms. By providing the workers with a mobile application which has a function of monitoring the water quality in real time, they can check the situation directly without going to the fishery household.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

The European Common Barnacle Balanus perforatus Brugiere (Crustacea, Cirripedia) has been introduced into the east coast of Korea, presumably via the ballast water of ships. The species has since been spreading along both the northern and southern coast to the east, most likely due to alongshore currents. We predicted the potential range expansion of Balanus perforatus in Korean waters using Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP), an environmental niche modeling technique. The results show that much of the southern coastal waters of Korea could be colonized by the spread of the nonindigenous species, but that the west coast is unlikely to be invaded. More sampling on the west coast would enhance the predictability of the model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind for predicting marine nonindigenous species in Korean waters using GARP modeling.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2023

The genus Acymatopus Takagi is reported for the first time from Korean fauna along with two nominate species, A. minor Takagi, 1965 and A. takeishii Masunaga, Saigusa & Yang, 2005. This genus belonging to the subfamily Hydrophorinae in the family Dolichopodidae. It comprised of only six species in the world and distributed only in Japan and China thus far. The genus is diagnosed by a metallic bluish-green body with thick gray tomentum, lacking black and white markings of mesonotum, 2 pairs of long marginal setae at scutellum and male's dorsally slightly curved fore tarsomere 1. Both adults and larvae of this genus are known to be found on rugged and rocky marine shores of the tidal zone. The authors found the first recorded species in the west seaside of Korea, where many barnacles inhabit. The descriptions and illustrations of external features including male genitalia of newly recorded species are provided in this paper.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

We have studied biofouling in Korea's offshore wind farms by using image analysis through monitoring and surface energy analysis. To observe the biofouling characteristics, samples were fabricated using Micron extra 2 and PropOne, which have a self-polishing property, and Hempathane HS 55610, which is used in substructure coatings. The manufactured samples were installed at the bottom of a ladder in a substructure, and monitored for 10 months. The most biofouling occurred in the sample without the self-polishing property, and algae, barnacles and corallinales were observed. The surface energy analysis used the Owens-Wendt-Rabel and Kaelble (OWRK) model, which uses the contact angles of two standard fluids. As a result of calculating the surface energy using contact angle measurement, the sample without the self-polishing property showed the highest value. This result was consistent with the biofouling incidence observed through monitoring.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.349-362
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• 1999

To understand the role of protozoa in the early formation of microbial fouling community, the studies on the formation of microbial film, the succession of microbial fouling communities, and the grazing pressure on bacteria population in microbial film were carried out in the laboratory, Inchon outer port and Inchon inner harbour. Bacteria and heterotrophic flagellates formed primary microbial film on the aluminum surface within 6 hours and oligotrich ciliates were observed 2 cells $mm^{-2}$ on the same surface at 9 hours in Inchon inner harbour which had physically stagnant condition. The larvaes of Balanus albicostatus which were dominant meiobenthos in Inchon coastal area attached on the glass surface at the first day of experiment. Heterotrophic flagellates showed maximum abundance of 465 cells $mm^{-2}$ at the 13rd day and ciliates showed maximum abundance of 63 cells $mm^{-2}$ at the 11st day in the Inchon inner harbour. In the Inchon outer port which opens to the outer sea, the maximum abundance of protozoa occurred at early phase, but not so many. The dominant heterotrophic flagellates were Metrornonas simplex and Bodonids. Dominant ciliates were small tintinnids and oligotrich ciliate Strombidium sp., Large Strombidium (oligotrich ciliate) and sessile Acineta turberosa (suctorian ciliate) occurred after 10 days. The attached larvae of Balanus occurred as biofouling organism on the early surface and showed maximum abundance of 18 indiv. $cm^{-2}$ at 7th day. At that time, adult barnacles were observed on the surface and dead barnacles were observed after two days. Except barnacles, the larvaes of Anthozoa sp., Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Polychaeta were observed on the surface from 3rd day. 3 benthic copepods including Harpacticus sp., I isopod, 1 polychaeta and 1 gastropoda were observed as predators of the microbial film on the surface after 7 days when microbial film developed very well. Although the ingestion rates of protozoa on the bactctia of the rnicrobi31 film were relatively low, the average grazing rate of protozoa on bacteria was high of 0.058 $h^{-1}$. This implied that the grazing pressure of protozoa influences the mortality of bacteria populations on the microbial film. but protozoa cannot get enough energy from only bacteria on the microbial film.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2004

In order to clarify the durability of protective coatings for maritime steel structures, various anti-corrosive organic coated steel samples were exposed for twelve years in semitropical marine environment at Miyakojima Island, Okinawa, JAPAN. Samples were various organic coated steel pipes, 4.0 m in length and 150 mm in diameter. While the bare steel pipe entirely corroded in 4.5 mm thickness in four and half years, these organic coated steel pipes exhibited protective appearances after twelve-year-exposure except for the defect in the coatings. Polyethylene (PE) lining pipe exhibited a good protective performance. Urethane painted pipe was also good but some barnacles stuck to its surface. A combination of petrolatum tape and FRP cover showed sufficient corrosion resistance for steel surface. The correlation in results between exposure and laboratory acceleration test was examined. It was found that salt spray test (SST) results corresponded to rusted area of scratched portion and that adhesion change of coating layer corresponded to the rotating immersion test result. Among the on-site measured data, volume resistivity is utilized for the index of corrosion protection performance of organic coating.