• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2009

Clear and homogeneous glass inclusions are well preserved at the rim of the quartz phenocrysts of tuff from Sunshin epithermal Au deposit, Haenam, although the host rocks experienced extensive silicification and argillic alteration. Glass inclusion vary in size from $5\;{\mu}m$ to larger than $200\;{\mu}m$ consisting of glass(60~80 vol%) + vapor bubble(15~30 vol%) $\pm$ daughter crystals(<10 vol%). Most of glass inclusions are cubic to rectangular in shape, indicating that the host quartz grew in the stability field of $\beta$-quartz. All the glass inclusions appear to be primary. Glass inclusions are composed of highly evolved high-K calc-alkaline rhyolites, which can represent the final liquidus phase of the magma system. The $Au_2O_3$ concentration (<0.30 wt%) is trivial in the glass, indicating there was no enrichment in the final residual melt. Textural characteristics suggest that magma was water-saturated shortly before or during the eruption. $H_2O$ content of the glass (ca. 2-4 wt%) suggests a water saturation pressure($P_{H2O}$) of about 300-900 bars. This pressure implies a minimum depth of 0.8-2.5 km for the magma chamber.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2014

Recently, the construction of curved bridge has increased, thus researchers perform the analytic studies on PSC curved bridge. However, the grid analysis method that are mostly used in the construction industry is not adequate to acquire the precise behavior evaluation of curved PSC briges. Therefore, the precise finite element analysis considering the effective variables were performed to establish the basis for the design method of curved PSC bridge by using 3D elements and bar element. The evaluated variables in this analysis were the number of girders, loading point, section figure, change of prestressing force. The results show the load carrying capacity of the 3 girder type bridge is 200% of that of the 2 girder type, and that applying load on outer girder makes the load resistance capacity and the deflection deviation of 2 girders smaller. The structural capacity of the bridge is improved when the section size is increased, but the efficiency of it is not sufficient enough compare to that of the change of prestressing forces. The change of prestressing forces shows that the camber and the load carrying capacity are linearly increased as PS force is increased. Moreover, when the PS force applied on outer girder is increased than that of inner girder, the deviation of deflection the girders decreases, thereby the stability of the bridge is enhanced.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

This study is to survey the materials purchasing and inventory management status and the characteristics and opinions of the staff in charge of purchasing and inventory of the general hospitals in Busan area in order to contribute to the rationalization of its management through the grasp of actual situation and the presentation of desirable improvement plan for the materials purchasing and inventory management. The status of medical institute had been surveyed by the purchasing/ administration managers of total 26 general hospitals, and the purchasing/ management questionnaires had been commenced with 86 staff of the 26 hospitals. Its major survey results, after the analysis of 24 medical institute statuses (return rate of 92.30%) and 60 staff questionnaires (return rate of 69.76%), are as follows. First, post-purchasing evaluation system is not used actively, orders are being placed by phone or fax, and general merchandise is being purchased through free contracts in most of the hospitals participated in the survey. Second, as per the materials supplying methods, the requisition and delivery system is currently the most popular in the hospitals surveyed, however, both the requisition and delivery system and the par level transfer system are the most desired in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, and the par level transfer system is the most desired in the hospitals under 500 beds for the materials supplying system in the future. Third, as per the inventory management system that is desired the most in the future, the SPD and JIT types are preferred in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, the stockless strategy is preferred in the hospitals under 500 beds, the senior staff above section chief grade prefer the stockless strategy, and the junior staff prefer the ABC classification and SPD types. Fourth, The necessity of purchasing staff's training for the materials management is highly recognized but the effectiveness is not so much acknowledged, which is because such a training is thought to be so superficial and formal that it is not helpful much in the actual field. When summarizing the survey results as above, the materials purchasing and management system is differed for each group of hospitals according to the size of beds, and the more scientific management system is largely required by the general hospitals in Busan city. They also hope the introduction of joint purchasing system, materials management by the bar-code system, and positive execution of the market survey and training of the relevant staff for the management of purchasing affairs. So the more systematic purchasing and inventory management is regarded to be necessary through the introduction of scientific and specialized education of materials management, market survey, and post-purchasing evaluation system also through the computerization of materials purchasing and inventory management as soon as possible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.414-427
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• 1991

To assess the safety of playground equipments in the elementary schools of Taegu, a site visit was made to 117 elementary schools out of 119 schools between 1st and 30th of April 1991. Safety criteria were developed on the bases of Massachusetts' Playground Safety Check List, standard height of Korean children of 6-12 years old, and source book for designing playground equipments. There were eleven different kinds of playground equipments installed in 117 schools but the number of equipments was about 50-60% of the minimum requirement set by the Ministry of Education except chin-up bar. Among the installed equipments, 47.3% of swings, 16.6% of parallel bars, 20.0% of monkey bars, and 16.0% of slides were broken down. None of the swings, slides, seesaws, monkey bars, and sandboxes met the safety criteria to the full but 59.0 of chin-up bars, 31.4% of Parallel bars, and 13,5% of stumps met the criteria fully. The proportions of equipments that were dangerous for children to play on were 26.4% for slides, 20.0% for monkey bars, 11.6% for seesaws, 10.4% for parallel bars, 9.8% for sandboxes, 7.4% for swings and stumps, and 3.9% for chin-up bars. The rests were either in need of repair or broken down. It was revealed by this survey that the playground equipments were too short in number to meet the minimum requirement, designs and size were not standardized, and many of the equipments were involved with the risk of child accidents. Therefore, a safety standard for the playground equipments should be developed and the existing equipments should be repaired immediately.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different farrowing space, narrow and wide, on the sow performances and piglet growth performances. The $1.5m^2$ of narrow farrowing space was determined as the size of farrowing crate. The $3.0m^2$ of wide space for farrowing sow was the same of farrowing pen to allow the behavior freedom of sow. Baby piglets in the wide farrowing space was protected from crushing of sow by installation of safety bar. The pregnant sows used in this study were stall-housed during gestation and moved to each farrowing spaces on 8 d before parturition. Feed intake, backfat thickness and body condition score of sow were not affected by both farrowing spaces. However, the changes in backfat thickness and body condition score between farrowing and weaning in wide farrowing space were lower (p<0.05) than in narrow farrowing space. The return to estrus of sow was remarkably decreased in wide farrowing space compared to sows in narrow farrowing space. The lower number of stillbirth and higher mortality of piglets were observed in wide farrowing space. From the results, although wide farrowing space could be practically acceptable in terms of sow performances, possible cause of mortality of piglets should be scrutinized through observation of piglet and sow behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.532-540
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• 2010

The strength properties of wooden model retaining wall made of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Miller) was evaluated. Three different types of wooden model retaining wall were made of the 11cm square timber treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole). The retaining wall was made into the 4 layers of crossbar and the 3 layers of vertical-bar, of which the size was 86 cm high, 200 cm long and 96 cm wide. Type I was control and in Type II 20 cm vertical-bars and 93 cm vertical-bars were arranged alternately to decrease wood usage. TypeIII was similar to TypeII except that the connection between crossbars was reinforced with the wooden armature. In each type, the strength properties of retaining wall were investigated by horizontal loading test and the deformation of structure by image processing (AICON 3D DPA-PRO system). In horizontal loading test of Type I, Type II and Type III was 63.17, 57.80, and 60.97 kN/m, respectively. The deformation of the top layer in Type II was 1.5 times larger than in Type I and Type III. Consequently, the economic efficiency and strength performance were better in Type III than in Type I and Type II.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

Flat-panel detector(FPD) is the driving force for realizing the next gene ration of x-ray system. In this study, we developed amorphous selenium(a-Se) based flat-panel digital X-ray detector(DXD) for radiography. The prototype detector consists of an amorphous selenium layer and a thin-film transistor(TFT) array. Comparing to other papers1)-4), optimization of amorphous selenium and progress of evaporation were similar. The pixel pitch of fabricated detector was $139{\mu}m$, fill factor was 86%, and the size was 14"${\times}$8.5". Hand and test bar pattern images were acquired. A high modulation transfer function(MTF) factor was obtained: 58% at 3.0 lp/mm.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.147-161
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• 2017

Generally, significant amount of reinforcements are used in nuclear power plant structures and it may cause several potential problems during the construction. In particular, it is more difficult to pour concrete into structural member joint area than other areas because of the significant congestion of the joint area due to a lot of hooked bars, embedded materials, and other reinforcements. The purpose of this study is to solve these problems due to the reinforcement congestion by using the high-strength(ASTM A615 Gr.80) headed deformed bars of large-sized diameter(43 mm & 57 mm) in nuclear power plant structures as a alternative of standard hooked bars. In order to use headed deformed bars effectively, It is necessary to find the method how to relax limits on their use while maintaining or improving the anchorage capacity. Therefore, this study will analyze the results of tests planned to evaluate the influence of the restricted variables, such as bar size, yield strength, clear cover thickness.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2005

In this work, solid-state inclusion complex powders of itraconazole and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(HP-{\beta}-CD)$ were produced by a supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process. In order to evaluate the degree of complexation, the thermal behavior of the microparticulate complexes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results obtained for the solubility and dissolution rate of the microparticulate inclusion complexes in a buffer solution of pH 1.2 showed that the complexation of itraconazole with $HP-{\beta}-CD$ results in a significant increase in the solubility and dissolution rate of itraconazole. The particle size of the SAS-produced inclusion complexes was dramatically reduced ($<0.1-0.5{\mu}m$) compared with untreated itraconazole ($30-50{\mu}m$) and $HP-{\beta}-CD$ ($50-100{\mu}m$). The solubility of itraconazole was increased with the increase of pressure at a constant temperature to ca. $758.6{\mu}g/mL$ in an aqueous medium of pH 1.2. The dissolution rate of itraconazole was observed to be significantly improved and about 90% of itraconazole was found to be dissolved within 5-10 min.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

This paper presents a micro fluxgate magnetic sensor in printed circuit board (PCB). In order to observe the effect of the closed magnetic path, the magnetic cores of rectangular-ring and two bars were each fabricated. Each fluxgate sensor consists of five PCB stack layers including one layer magnetic core and four layers of excitation and pick-up coils. The center layer as a magnetic core is made of a Co-based amorphous magnetic ribbon with extremely high DC permeability of ~100,000. Four outer layers as an excitation and pick-up coils have a planar solenoid and are made of copper foil. In case of the fluxgate sensor having the rectangular-ring shaped core, excellent linear response over the range of -100 $\mu$T to ＋ 100 $\mu$T is obtained with 540 V/Tsensitivity at excitation square wave of 3 $V_{p-p}$ and 360 KHz. The chip size of the fabricated sensing element is $7.3 \times 5.7\textrm{mm}^2$. The very low power consumption of ~8 mW was measured. This magnetic sensor is very useful for various applications such as: portable navigation systems, telematics, VR game and so on.n.