• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in dietary behavior in Korean and Chinese female university students and investigate factors that influence dietary behavior. A total of 447 female university students in Korea and China were surveyed between June 27 and August 30, 2016. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, t-test, one way ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among Korean female university students, those who skipped breakfast were 26.18 times (95% CI: 5.421-126.407) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets than those who did not skip breakfast. In addition, compared to Korean female university students who did not eat late-night meals, those who ate late-night meals were 3.15 times (95% CI: 1.28-7.768) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets. Compared to Chinese female university students who did not skip breakfast, those who skipped breakfast were 4.22 times (95% CI: 1.865-9.551) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets. Compared to the Chinese female university students who did not stay up all night, those who stayed up all night were 5.25 times (95% CI: 1.712-16.074) to be in the preparation stage. The study results show that some factors that influence stage changes in balanced diets in Korean female university students were skipping breakfast and eating late-night meals. Therefore, it is recommended that solutions for improving the behavior of late-night meals and skipping breakfast, which are factors influencing stage changes in balanced diets should be strategically performed according to dietary behavior stages.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.889-902
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• 2017

Purpose: The orthogonality and trace optimal properties are desirable for constructing designs of experiments. This article focuses on the determination of the sizes of experiments for the balanced trace optimal resolution-V fractional factorial designs for 2-level factorial designs, which have near-orthogonal properties. Methods: In this paper, first we introduce the trace optimal $2^t$ fractional factorial designs for $4{\leq}t{\leq}7$, by exploiting the partially balanced array for various cases of experimental sizes. Moreover some orthogonality criteria are also suggested with which the degree of the orthogonality of the designs can be evaluated. And we appraise the orthogonal properties of the introduced designs from various aspects. Results: We evaluate the orthogonal properties for the various experimental sizes of the balanced trace optimal resolution-V fractional factorial designs of the 2-level factorials in which each factor has two levels. And the near-orthogonal 2-level balanced trace optimal resolution-V fractional factorial designs are suggested, which have adequate sizes of experiments. Conclusion: We can construct the trace optimal $2^t$ fractional factorial designs for $4{\leq}t{\leq}7$ by exploiting the results suggested in this paper, which have near-orthogonal property and appropriate experimental sizes. The suggested designs can be employed usefully especially when we intend to analyze both the main effects and two factor interactions of the 2-level factorial experiments.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.342-351
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• 2012

Purpose: Aerial spraying with an agricultural unmanned helicopter became a new paradigm in the agricultural practice. Laterally tilting behavior of a conventional agricultural helicopter, resulting in the biased down-wash and uneven spray deposit is a physically intrinsic phenomenon while hovering and cruise flights. Authors studied and developed a roll-balanced agricultural helicopter with a raised pylon tail rotor system. In this study, the attitude of the roll-balanced helicopter was determined using the Kalman filter algorithm, and the quality of roll balancing of a bare-airframe helicopter was evaluated. Methods: Instantaneous attitudes were estimated using the advantage of gyroscope, followed by the long term correction and prediction using accelerometer data for the advantage of convergence. The attitudes of the fuselage were calculated by applying the Kalman filter algorithm. The spraying maneuver of the helicopter was performed at a field of 50 m long, and the attitude data were acquired and evaluated. Results: The determination of attitude using the inertial measurement unit(IMU) and Kalman filter was reliable and practical. The intrinsic attitude of the developed helicopter was stable and roll-balanced. The deviation of roll angle was ${\pm}6.3^{\circ}$ with an average of $0^{\circ}$, referring to roll-balanced. Conclusions: Handling quality of the roll attitude determined to be steadily balanced. The balancing behavior of the developed helicopter would result in an even spray pattern during aerial application.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.883-895
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a fatty acid-balanced oil, instead of soybean oil, on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes, milk composition in lactating sows, and fecal microbial composition in piglets. Methods: Twenty-four sows (Landrace×Yorkshire, mean parity 4.96) were randomly allotted to two treatments with twelve pens per treatment and one sow per pen based on their backfat thickness and parity. The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation, lasting for 28 days. The control group (CG) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2% soybean oil and the experimental group (EG) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fatty acid-balanced oil. Results: The fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy in sows. The lower (p<0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels of sows were observed in the EG on day 21 of lactation. Dietary supplementation with the fatty acid-balanced oil decreased the fat content, increased the immunoglobulin G level, and changed (p<0.05) some fatty acid content in milk. Moreover, the fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation changed (p<0.05) the fecal microbial composition of piglets, where the average relative abundance of Spirochaetota was decreased (p<0.05) by 0.55% at the phylum level, and the average relative abundance of some potentially pathogenic fecal microorganism was decreased (p<0.05) at the species level. Conclusion: The fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, changed the serum biochemical indices and milk composition of sows, and ameliorated the fecal microbial composition of piglets.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.25-33
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• 2007

In this paper, the high isolation and wideband 94 GHz MIMIC(Millimeter-wave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) single balanced cascode mixer was designed and fabricated. Also, we designed and fabricated a 3 dB tandem coupler which has a high isolation and wideband characteristic. The single balanced resistive mixer which does not require an external IF balun was designed using the 0.1 ${\mu}m$ InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs metamorphic HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistor). The DC characteristics of MHEMT's are 665 mA/mm of drain current density, 691 mS/mm of maximum transconductance. The current gain cut-off frequency($f_T$) is 189 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency($f_{max}$) is 334 GHz. A 94 GHz single balanced cascode mixer was fabricated using our 0.1 ${\mu}m$ MHEMT MIMIC process. From the measurements, the fabricated couplers showed wideband characteristics. The conversion loss of single balanced cascode mixer was 9.8 dB at an LO power of 10.9 dBm. The LO to RF isolation of single balanced cascode mixer was 29.5 dB at 94 GHz. We obtained in this study a higher LO-RF isolation compared to some other single balanced mixers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.139-149
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of balanced acupuncture on herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine patients. Methods : We investigated 23 cases of in-patients with acute & subacute herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine in oriental hospital, and divided patients into two groups. We treated one group(12 people) by complex oriental medical treatment with Balanced acupuncture, and the other group(11 people) by complex oriental medical treatment without Balanced acupuncture. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and rating scale for low back pain at admission and discharge. Results : 1. In balanced acupuncture group and control group, compared with baseline and final. VAS was significantly improved. 2. In Balanced acupuncture group and control group, compared with baseline and final. Rating scale for low back pain was significantly improved. 3. VAS and rating scale for low back pain improvement rate in balanced acupuncture group were no statistical significance compared with control group. Conclusions : Balanced acupuncture might be used for relieving symptoms related with herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine, but it's no statistical significance.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2305-2310
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• 2011

This paper describes a design of dual band balanced amplifier using a lefted handed meta-material transmission line structure for high frequency application. Meta-material transmission lines have been known to have dual band frequency responses. A dual band branch line hybrid coupler is designed using the meta-material transmission lines, and measured at first. Two identical dual band amplifiers are also designed, built and tested using the same meta-material transmission structure. The proposed dual band balanced amplifier is composed of those dual band branch line hybrid coupler and amplifiers. In order to suggest an design example, a prototype of dual band balanced amplifier is built and measured at the dual frequencies, 1800MHz($f_1$) and 2300MHz($f_2$). The simulation and measurement show that the fabricated balanced amplifier operates well at the desired dual frequencies bands with the gain of 11.12dB and 17.67dB at $f_1$ and $f_2$, respectively, with a good agreement with the simulation results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.931-937
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• 2004

Simultaneous filling is a goal in plastic injection mold that has multi cavities. The moldings which have not been filled at the same time have undesired faults such as dimension inaccuracy, residual stress, law mechanical strength, etc. The best way to simultaneous fill is to be injected in a geometrically balanced runner system. In a general processing, however, in balanced runner system mold, filling imbalance would be observed in cavities. These phenomena result from molten polymer's characteristics and circumstances in balanced runner. In this study, the degree of filling imbalance (DFI) was defined for showing rate of filling imbalance in geometrically balanced injection mold that has 8 cavities. Before the main experiment, an injection molding simulation was conducted to know a pattern of filling imbalance with Moldflow software. There were somewhat differences between results of experiment and simulation about the filling imbalance. The reason for the difference was that the software have not concerned about a situation in a real flow channel. It was also investigated how the injection speed affected on filling imbalance in the experiment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.1277-1285
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a conference key authentication mechanism by employing an algebraic method on IMT-2000 environment. To accomplish this, the symmetric balanced incomplete block design is applied for generating a conference key and then this key is distributed to participants. Through the technique for creation of a conference key and mutual authentications peformed based on identification information, a communication protocol is designed. The protocol proposed minimizes the communication complexity for generating a conference key. On a special case the complexity is O(equation omitted), where v is the number of participants. The security of the mechanism, which is a significant problem in construction of secure systems, can be assured since finding discrete logarithms is generally a hard problem.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 1997

A 3V CMOS continuous-time fully-balanced integrator for low-voltage analog-digital mixed-mode signal processing is designed in this paper. The basic architecture of the designed fully-balanced integrator is complementary circuit which is composed of NMOS and PMOS transistor. And this complementary circuit can extend transconductance of an integrator. So. the unity gain frequency, pole and zero of integrator are increased by the extended transconductance. The SPICE simulation and small signal analysis results show that the UGF, pole and zero of the integrator is increased larger than those of the compared integrtors. The three-pole active low-pass filter is designed as a application circuit of the fully-balanced integrator, using 0.83V CMOS processing parameter.