• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.79.2-80
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• 2003

To better understand plant defense responses against pathogen attack, we identified the transcription factor-encoding genes in the hot pepper Capsicum annuum that show altered expression patterns during the hypersensitive response raised by challenge with bacterial pathogens. One of these genes, Ca1244, was characterized further. This gene encodes a plant-specific Type IIIA - zinc finger protein that contains two Cys$_2$His$_2$zinc fingers. Ca1244 expression is rapidly and specifically induced when pepper plants are challenged with bacterial pathogens to which they are resistant. In contrast, challenge with a pathogen to which the plants are susceptible only generates weak Ca1244 expression. Ca1244 expression is also strongly induced in pepper leaves by the exogenous application of ethephon, an ethylene releasing compound. Whereas, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate had moderate effects. Pepper protoplasts expressing a Ca1244-smGFP fusion protein showed Ca1244 localizes in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Ca1244 driven by the CaMV 355 promoter show increased resistance to challenge with a tobacco-specific bacterial pathogen. These plants also showed constitutive upregulation of the expression of multiple defense-related genes. These observations provide the first evidence that an Type IIIA - zinc finger protein, Ca1244, plays a crucial role in the activation of the pathogen defense response in plants.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2013

전국 7개도 14개 시 군의 주요 고추 재배지에서 시들음 증상을 나타내는 식물체의 땅가 줄기에서 분리 선별된 63개 풋마름병균들의 특성을 조사하였다. 고추에서 분리된 풋마름병균들은 고추(cv. 대왕)와 토마토(cv. 서광)에 강한 병원성을 나타냈다. 모든 병원균들은 배양적, 생리 생화학적 특성 및 특이 PCR 검출에 의하여 Ralstonia solanacearum으로 동정되었다. 고추에서 분리된 63개 풋마름병균들은 race 1 계통으로 2가지 biovar로 구분되었는데, biovar 3은 17개 균주로 27%였고 biovar 4는 46개의 균주로 73%였으며, biovar 4의 생리형이 우점계통이었다. Rep-PCR에 의한 국내 고추 풋마름병균들의 유전적 다양성을 확인한 결과, 70%의 유사성을 기준으로 12개의 group으로 구분되었다. 이러한 결과들은 국내 고추 풋마름병에 대한 방제와 저항성 품종 육성에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.803-811
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• 2014

Concerns over drug-resistant bacteria have stimulated interest in developing alternative methods to control bacterial infections. Endolysin, a phage-encoded enzyme that breaks down bacterial peptidoglycan at the terminal stage of the phage reproduction cycle, is reported to be effective for the control of bacterial pathogenic bacteria. Bioinformatic analysis of the SPN9CC bacteriophage genome revealed a gene that encodes an endolysin with a domain structure similar to those of the endolysins produced by the P1 and P22 coliphages. The SPN9CC endolysin was purified with a C-terminal oligo-histidine tag. The endolysin was relatively stable and active over a broad temperature range (from $24^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$). It showed maximal activity at $50^{\circ}C$, and its optimum pH range was from pH 7.5 to 8.5. The SPN9CC endolysin showed antimicrobial activity against only gram-negative bacteria and functioned by cutting the glycosidic bond of peptidoglycan. Interestingly, the SPN9CC endolysin could lyse intact gram-negative bacteria in the absence of EDTA as an outer membrane permeabilizer. The exogenous lytic activity of the SPN9CC endolysin makes it a potential therapeutic agent against gram-negative bacteria.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

Five bacterial strains, ES10-3-3-1, KKM10-2-2-1, Ant11, JM10-4-1-3, and KMS4-11 assigned to the genus Deinococcus were isolated from soil samples collected from Namyangju-si in Gyeonggi-do, Gangnam-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul, Korea. In addition, four bacterial strains, KKM10-2-7-2, JM10-2-5, JM10-2-6-2, and KKM10-2-3 assigned to the genus Hymenobacter were isolated from soil samples collected from Gangnam-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul, in South Korea. The five Deinococcus species were Gram-stain positive, pink-pigmented, and short-rod or coccus shaped. The four Hymenobacter species were Gram-stain negative, red-pigmented, and short-rod shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains ES10-3-3-1, KKM10-2-2-1, Ant11, JM10-4-1-3, and KMS4-11 were most closely related to Deinococcus citri $NCCP-154^T$ (with 99.8% similarity), Deinococcus grandis DSM $12784^T$ (99.0%), Deinococcus marmoris DSM $12784^T$ (98.8%), Deinococcus claudionis $PO-04-19-125^T$ (98.7%), and Deinococcus radioresistens $8A^T$ (99.8%), respectively. KKM10-2-7-2, JM10-2-5, JM10-2-6-2, and KKM10-2-3 were most closely related to Hymenobacter algoricola $VUG-A23a^T$ (99.1% similarity), Hymenobacter elongatus $VUG-A112^T$ (99.1% similarity), Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens $Txg1^T$ (99.1% similarity), and Hymenobacter psychrotolerans $Tibet-IIU11^T$ (99.3% similarity), respectively. These nine species have never been reported in Korea; thus, five Deinococcus species are reported in the family Deinococcaceae, order Deinococcales, class Deinococci, phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and four Hymenobacter species are reported in the family Cytophagaceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to many fungal and bacterial diseases. Among these, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes significant yield loss. In the present study, integrated proteomics and genomics approaches were used in order to identify bacterial wilt resistant genes from Rs resistance potato cultivar CT-206-10. 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified eight differentially abundant proteins including glycine-rich RNA binding protein (GRP), tomato stress induced-1 (TSI-1) protein, pathogenesis-related (STH-2) protein and pentatricopeptide repeat containing (PPR) protein in response to Rs infection. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR identified up-regulation in transcript levels of all these genes upon Rs infection. Taken together, our results showed the involvement of the identified proteins in the Rs stress tolerance in potato. In the future, it would be interesting to raise the transgenic plants to further validate their involvement in resistance against Rs in potato.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

사람의 모발에 부착되어 있는 세균을 분리 동정한 후 이 세균들의 항생제 감수성을 확인하였다. 중환자실에 입원해 있는 환자와 건강인의 모발에서 39개의 세균을 분리한 결과, Staphylococcus epidermidis가 19주로 가장 많았으며 그 다음으로 S. aureus가 14주, S. waneri가 5주, S. pasteuri가 1주 순으로 나타났다. Amikacin, ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicilline, cefazolin , cefoperazone , chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, methicillin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, vancomycin에 대한 내성을 디스크 확산법으로 확인하였다. 항생제에 내성을 나타내는 세균들은 모두 입원환자의 모발로부터 분리된 것들이었다. 사람의 모발에 부착된 세균을 제거하기 위해 시중에 유통되고 있는 모발 세정제와 계면활성제인 SDS를 처리하였으나 제거효과가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 사람의 모발에 부착되어 있는 세균들이 병원 등에서 교차 감염원이 될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주며, 모발에 부착되어 있는 세균 소독의 중요성을 확인시켜주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is one of the most critical problems of modern medicine. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for such bacterial infections. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic potential of phage Kpn5 in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infection in a mouse model. An experimental model of contact burn wound infection was established in mice employing K. pneumoniae B5055 to assess the efficacy of phage Kpn5 in vivo. Survival and stability of phage Kpn5 were evaluated in mice and the maximum phage count in various organs was obtained at 6 h and persisted until 36 h. The Kpn5 phage was found to be effective in the treatment of Klebsiella-induced burn wound infection in mice when phage was administered immediately after bacterial challange. Even when treatment was delayed up to 18 h post infection, when all animals were moribund, approximately 26.66% of the mice could be rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to protect bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not due to a nonspecific immune effect. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were significantly lower in sera and lungs of phage-treated mice than phage untreated control mice. The results of the present study bring out the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternate preventive approach to treat K. pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infections. This approach not only helps in the clearance of bacteria from the host but also protects against the ensuing inflammatory damage due to the exaggerated response seen in any infectious process.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

애완견의 털에 부착되어 있는 세균을 분리 동정한 후, 이 분리 세균들에 대한 항세균효과가 있는 생약재 추출물을 탐색하였다. 애완견의 털에서 76개의 세균을 분리한 결과, Staphylococcus속이 41균주로 가장 많았으며 그 다음으로 Micrococcus속이 21균 주, Enterococcus속이 8균주, Bacillus속이 3균주, Exiguobacterium속 of 2균주, Shigella속과 Zoogloea속이 각각 1균주씩으로 동정되었다. 이러한 결과는 개의 털에 존재하는 세균들이 사람에게 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 원인이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 분리균주들에 대한 항생제 저항성과 생약재 추출물의 항세균 활성은 디스크 확산법으로 확인하였다. 황금의 추출물이 애완견의 털로부터 분리한 세균들에 대해 높은 항세균 활성을 나타내어 항생제 저항성이 있는 세균들에 대한 새로운 항미생물제로 사용학 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2018

Six bacterial strains 18JY42-3, 18SH, 18JY76-11, 17J11-11, 18JY14-14, and 18JY15-11 assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples in Korea. The Cohnella species, strain 18JY42-3 was Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and beige-colored. The Methylobacterium species, strains 18SH and 18JY76-11 were Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Microterricola species, strain 17J11-11 was Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and yellow-colored. The Paenarthrobacter species, strains 18JY14-14 and 18JY15-11 were Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and white-colored. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains 18JY42-3, 18SH, 18JY76-11, 17J11-11, 18JY14-14, and 18JY15-11 were most closely related Cohnella rhizosphaerae (MH497628; 98.8%), Methylobacterium goesingense (MH497632; 99.1%), Methylobacterium populi (MH497635; 99.9%), Microterricolagilva (MH504108; 98.4%), Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans (MH497641; 100%), and Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus (MH497646; 99.2%), respectively. All the six unrecorded strains showed resistance to UV radiation. This is the first report of these six species in Korea.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1995

A new flue-cured tobacco mutant line BU 8832-85 was developed at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute in 1994. KF 8832-85 was resulted from a cross of flue-cured cultivars NC 95$\times$NC 2326, and developed by a pedigree system of breeding ; initial selection was made by plant type and resistance to bacterial wilt(BW) disease(heudomonas solanaceamm) in the F2 generation under the natural field conditions infested with the pathogen. One white flowered plant was occurred by spontaneous mutation in a certain line among the F3 generatioin while the others were pink. Six plants from the seeds by selfing were selected at the field infested with the pathogen among 240 populations with white flowering in the F4, KF 8832-85 was selected based on yield and leaf quality trials among 6 lines in Fs generation. BCF 8832-85 was compared with its Parent for certain agronomic and chemical characteristics at Taegu Experiment Station in 1993 and 1994. The results showed that KF 8832-85 have white flower, the stalk height was approximately that of NC 2326 but averaged about loom taller than NC 95. It produced ground suckers as much as NC 95, and did not breakdown leaf at the same as WC 2326. KF 8832-85 have high resistance to bacterial wilt disease. Yield of KF 8832-85 was 10 and 18% higher then that of NC 2326 and WC 95, respectively. Price per Kg was equal to that of NC 2326. The contents of nicotine and reducing sugar did not differ significantly from NC 95, while total nitrogen was significantly lower than NC 95. Therefore, the new mutant line is genetically stable for agronomic and chemical characteristics and provides a source of bacterial wilt disease resistance for use in breeding resistant flue-cured cultivars. Key words : Mutant line, White flower, Spontaneous mutation.