• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.764-769
• /
• 2006

미생물을 접종하지 않은 동전기 공정에서 전기분해에 의한 양극조에서 산소의 발생은 전류밀도에 비례하였으며 전해질을 순환시킴에 따라 생물반응기내 전해질과 함께 용존산소농도가 증가하였다. 전류의 공급과 함께 미생물 농도는 급격히 증가하였으며 이때 미생물의 산소소비량이 증가되어 용존산소농도가 감소되었다. Pentadecane-오염토양에 대한 동전기 생물학적 복원의 결과에서 높은 전류밀도 1.88 $mA/cm^2$에서 비록 산소의 발생량은 많았지만 오히려 증가된 유기산이 전해질 pH와 미생물 활성을 감소시키므로 미생물 농도와 제거효율이 0.63 $mA/cm^2$보다 낮게 나타났다. 0.63 $mA/cm^2$에서 적절한 산소의 공급과 동시에 전해액 pH의 감소가 작았으므로 최적의 미생물 농도와 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.990-996
• /
• 2005

The effect of diets varying in level and source of nitrogen (N) and fermentable organic matter on dynamic characteristics of microbial populations in rumen liquor and their impact on substrate fermentation in vitro was studied. The diets tested were straw alone, straw+concentrate mixture and straw+urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) lick. The same diets were taken as substrates and tested on each inoculum collected from the diets. Diet had no effect on the amino acid (AA) composition of either bacteria or protozoa. Differences among the diets in intake, source of N and OM affected bacterial and protozoal characteristics in the rumen. Upper asymptote of gas production (Y$\alpha$) had a higher correlation with bacterial pool size and production rate than with protozoal pool size and production rate. Among the parameters of the gas production model, Y$\alpha$ and lag time in total gas has showed significant (p<0.01) correlation with bacterial characteristics. Though the rate constant of gas production significantly differed (p<0.01) between diet and type of straw, it was least influenced by the microbial characteristics. The regression coefficient of diet and type of straw for Y$\alpha$ indicated that the effect of diet on Y$\alpha$ was threefold higher than that of the straw. As microbial characteristics showed higher correlation with Y$\alpha$, and diet had more influence on the microbial characteristics, gas production on a straw diet could be used effectively to understand the microbial characteristics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.981-985
• /
• 2003

G. persimmonis KJ145$^{T}$ 를 사용하여 bacterial cellulose와 식초 동시 생산에 따른 성분변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과 pH는 배양 8일째에 3.22로 감소하는 경향이었으며, 총산은 8일째에 가장 높은 4.66으로 나타났다. Brix는 배양기간 동안 거의 변화가 없었으며, 유리당은 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose로 구성되어 있고 fructose는 배양 종료 후, 10일째에도 거의 감소하지 않고 높게 나타났다. G. Persimmonis KJ145$^{T}$ 균체는 배양 2일부터 급격히 증가하여 4일에 가장 높게 나타났으며, bacterial cellulose는 배양기간이 길수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 발효액의 유기산은 malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid 등이 검출되었으며, acetic acid는 발효 2일째부터 급격히 증가하여 8일째에 가장 높게 생성되었다. 따라서 bacterial cellulose와 초산을 동시에 생산하기 위한 최적배양기간은 8일 정도로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2000

낙동강 연안 수역에서 세균의 생산성과 생산물량을 측정하여 미생물의 먹이고리에 기여하는 정도를 파악하기 위해 미생물학적 요인과 주요 환경요인을 측정하였다. 낙동강 연안 수계는 겨울철 갈수기에 유입되는 부영양화 담수의 영향을 많이 받았다. 종속영양세균과 총세균의 개체수는 각각$5.4{\times}10^2 ~ 3.2{\times}10^4, 2.2{\times}10^5 ~ 9.8{\times}10^5 $cells/ml이었으며, 세균의 평균 체적과 생물량은 각각 0.023~0.201$\mu$$m^3$/cell, 0.010~0.140$\mu$g-C/ml로 정점별, 계절별 차이는 크지 않았으나 체적과 총세균수가 반비례하였다. Thymidine pool size는 12.93~44.66nM로, 동계에 비해 하계에 세균이 이용하기 쉬운 pool로 이루어져 하계의세균 이차 생산성 측정치가 과소 평가될수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 종속영양세균의 이차생산성은 0.12~22.38$\mu$g-C/l/h의 변화 범위를 나타내었으며, 담수 유출부와 인접한 정점에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 동계에 세균 생산성의 분포는 엽록소 a 및 수온 변화와 밀접한 상관성을 보였으며, 또한 세균 생산량도 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 본 조사 수역에서 측정된 세균 생산성의 상당 부분은 식물플랑크톤의 공합성 산물을 이용하는 세균 생물량의 증가임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1997

카이이케 호수에서 년중 농밀한 개체군을 형성하고 있는 Chromatium sp.는 질소고정능을 가지고 있으며, 질소고정과정에서 수소를 생산한다. 이 균의 질소고정과 수소생산은 광합성 조건에서 활발히 이루어지며, 생장 중 대수생장기(exponential growth phase)에서 활성도가 가장 높았다. 1994년 7월 27일 채집한 카이이케 호수의 bacterial plate 식과를 이용하여 실험실에서 질소고정과 수소생산에 끼치는 빛과 황화수소의 영향을 조사하였다. 저조도 (250 lux) 에서는 실험개시후 약 18시간이 지나고나서 질소고정과 수소생산이 측정되었으나, 고조도(1000 lux)에서는 조사와 동시에 높은 속도의 질소고정과 수소생산이 관측되었다. 황화수소를 전혀 투입하지 않은 경우에는 극히 낮은 질소고정이 나타났으나, 황화수소의 농도의 증가에 따라 질소고정속도가 높아졌으며, 20 mg H sub(2)S-S/l에서 가장 높았다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2002

Effects of Escherichia coli genomic DNA on the production of phagocyte activating supernatants by the head kidney leucocytes isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. Phagocyte activating activity of the supernatants was estimated by. measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in target head kidney phagocytes. All supernatants from olive flounder head kidney leucocytes-stimulated with E. coli DNA induced significantly (P<0.01) higher ROS production from target pagocytes than the unstimulated control supernatant. Maximum enhancement of chemiluminescent response was observed $5.0-10.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of bacterial DNA while the increment ability was decreased significantly (P<0.01) at the concentration of $20.0{\mu}mL^{-1}$. The results demonstrate that olive flounder head-kidney leucocytes stimulated with bacterial DNA release a soluble phagocyte activating cytokines capable of enhancing the respiratory burst activity from target phagocytes.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2003

A cellulose-producing strain isolated from rotten apples was identified as Gluconacetobacter hansenii based on its physiological properties and the 16S rDNA complete sequencing method, and specifically named Gluconacetobacter hansenii PJK. The amount of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by G. hansenii PJK in a shaking incubator was 1.5 times higher than that produced in a static culture. The addition of ethanol to the medium during cultivation enhanced the productivity of bacterial cellulose, plus the supplementation of 1% ethanol into the culture medium made the produced BC aggregate into a big lump and thus protected the bacterial-cellulose-producing G. hansenii PJK cells in the shear stress field from being converted into non-cellulose-producing (Cel) mutants. Cells subcultured three times in a medium containing ethanol retained their ability to produce BC without any loss in the production yield.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 1996

Cultural conditions for mass production of the antagonistic bacteria, Bacillus subtills CAP134 against pathogens causing major airborne diseases to apple tree, effect of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source in the culture broth were investigated. The bacterial growth was most vigorous when the temperature and pH of the culture broth was 30~$35^{\circ}$C, and 7, respectively. As for carbon source, dextrose was best followed in order by dextrose(monosaccharides)>sucrose(disaccharides)$\geq$saccharose(di-saccharides)>starch (polysaccharides). Among different sugars, bacterial growth was favored by in the order of brown, black and white sugars, indicating that the bacterial growth might be promoted by the minor elements presented as impurities in the less purified sugars. As for nitrogen source, organic forms were better to bacterial growth than inorganic forms, that is polypeptone was best followed in order by soy sauce, soybeen milk and inoganic nitrogens. Differences in bacterial growth among different forms of inorganic nitrogen were negligible.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 1997

Cultural conditions for mass production of the antagonistic bacteria, Bacillus subtills CAP141 against pathogens causing major airborne diseases to apple trees, effects of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source in the culture broth were investigated. The bacterial growth was most vigorous when the temperature and pH of the culture broth was 30~35$^{\circ}$C and 7, respectively. As for carbon source, dextrose was best followed in order by dextrose(monosaccharide) > sucrose(disaccharide) $\geq$ saccharose (market disaccharides) > starch (polysaccharieds). Among different sugars, bacterial growth was favored by in the order of brown, black and white supars, indicating that the bacterial growth might be promoted by the minor elements presented as impurities in the less purified sugars. As for nitrogen source, organic forms were better to bacterial growth than inorganic forms, that is polypeptone was best followed in order by soy sauce, soybeen milk and inorganic nitrogens. Differences in bacterial growth among different forms of inorganic nitrogen were negligible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1715-1724
• /
• 2019

Objective: As laying hens become aged, laying performance and egg quality are generally impaired. One of the practical methods to rejuvenate production and egg quality of aged laying hens with decreasing productivity is a forced molting. However, the changes in intestinal microbiota after forced molting of aged hens are not clearly known. The aim of the present study was to analyze the changes in excreta bacterial communities after forced molting of aged laying hens. Methods: A total of one hundred 66-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were induced to molt by a 2-d water removal and an 11-d fasting until egg production completely ceased. The excreta samples of 16 hens with similar body weight were collected before and immediately after molting. Excreta bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three major bacterial phyla in pre-molting and immediate post-molting hens, accounting for more than 98.0%. Lactobacillus genus had relatively high abundance in both group, but decreased by molting (62.3% in premolting and 24.9% in post-molting hens). Moreover, pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus cecorum and Escherichia coli were more abundant in immediate post-molting hens than in pre-molting hens. Forced molting influenced the alpha diversity, with higher Chao1 (p = 0.012), phylogenetic diversity whole tree (p = 0.014), observed operational taxonomic unit indices (p = 0.006), and Simpson indices (p<0.001), which indicated that forced molting increased excreta bacterial richness of aged laying hens. Conclusion: This study improves the current knowledge of bacterial community alterations in the excreta by forced molting in aged laying hens, which can provide increasing opportunity to develop novel dietary and management skills for improving the gastrointestinal health of aged laying hens after molting.