• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.64-76
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• 2017

Biolgical activated carbon (BAC) processes are known to effectively remove organic pollutants in raw water, and biomass and attached bacterial species play an important role in removing process. In the present study, changes of bacterial biomass in granular activated carbon (GAC) process according to the depth and operating period were investigated. In addition, changes of bacterial biomass were also confirmed after UV exposure prior to the GAC process. Results from this this study showed that the bacterial biomass was decreased dependently according to the depth of GAC process. In case of UV pre-treatment, the bacterial biomass was declined significantly over the period of operation. However, changes in bacterial community were not shown during operation period without UV pre-treatment process. In conclusion, findings from this study may provide the useful information about the management of BAC process.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 1989

Microbiological parameters such as bacterial biovolume and biomass in Soyang Reservoir was statistically analyzed with the physico-chemical enviromental factors. Analysis of correlation and multiple regression showed that temperature affects most of microbiological parameters. Variations of total bacterial number, total bacterial biovolume and saprophyte number were highly correlatd with the concentrations of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a. Bacterial production by the $^{3}H$-thymidine incorporation rate was largely affected by Seston. It suggests that microbiological factors such as bacterial biovolume and bacterial biomass were controled by the concentration of seston and distribution of phytoplankton which acts as carbon and energy source for the bacterial community in the water column of Soyang Reservoir.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2011

Nitrifying bacterial community structures of suspended and attached biomasses in a full-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge process were investigated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from pyrosequencing. The suspended biomass had a higher number of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial sequences (0.8% of total sequences) than the attached biomass (0.07%), although most of the sequences were within the Nitrosomonas oligotropha lineage in both biomasses. Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacterial sequences were retrieved in the suspended biomass (0.06%), not in the attached biomass, whereas the existence of Nitrobacter-like sequences was not evident. The suspended biomass had higher nitrification activity (1.13 mg N/TSS/h) than the attached biomass (0.07 mg N/TSS/h). Overall, the results made it possible to conclude the importance of the suspended biomass, rather than the attached biomass, in nitrification in the wastewater treatment process studied.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

To assess the relative contribution of bacterial and phytoplankton biomasses to particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column, microbial abundance and biomass were from two transects in the western channel of the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacterial abundance had a mean value of $5.9{\times}10^5$ cells/ml and chlorophyll-a averaged 0.14 ${\mu}g/l$. Bacterial abundance in the Korea Strait showed a positive relationship with chlorophyll-a concentration, while the distribution of POM did not covary with chlorophyll-a. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon and nitrogen biomasses were 7.29 ${\mu}gC/l$ and 1.24 ${\mu}gN/l$, respectively, during the study periods. Bacterial biomass was larger in October than in August due to the autumn phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton biomass based on chlorophyll-a was 7.67 ${\mu}gC/l$ for carbon and 1.10${\mu}gN/l$l for nitrogen. The ratio of bacterial carbon (BC) to phytoplankton carbon (Cp) averaged 0.95 in the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacteria may play a more significant role in the dynamics of POM than phytoplankton do in August, with BC/Cp ratio of 1.26. The ratio of BC to Cp increased with a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration. Averaged over all the samples in both cruises, the contribution of microbial biomass to POC and PON was about 43% and 51%, respectively. Bacterial assemblage constituted a significant fraction of POC (21%) and PON (27%). Phytoplankton accounted for 22% of POC and 24% of PON. Microbial biomass played a more important role in the dynamics of POC and PON in October than in August due to a significant increase in microbial biomass in the southern transect (transect-B) in October by the autumn phytoplankton bloom. This study showed that marine microbes may constitute a significant part in the reservoir of POM in the Korea Strait.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.661-674
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• 2010

Bacterial biomass and its activity were measured in two kinds of granular activated carbon (GAC), the experimental and existing biofiltration system in a drinking water plant. The bacterial biomass was around 210 to 250 nmol P/g WW with phospholipid concentration at acclimation of ozonation treatment. The phospholipid biomass shows more or less a declining gradient along filter depth and no clear seasonality in its values. On the other hand, the microbial activity of [$^3H$]-thymidine and [$^{14}C$]-acetate incorporation within cells increased significantly along the filter depth, showing the difference of three fold between the upper and bottom layer. These factors support the different microbial composition or metabolic activity along the depth of GAC column. Turnover rates, the rate of bacterial biomass and production of biofilm, ranged from 0.26 /hr to 0.37 /hr, indicating a highly rapid recovery itself at amature state. In the non-ozonation treatment, the bacterial biomass was lower than in the ozonation and biological activity also declined towards the filter depth. The biomass levels during cessation of ozonation in the existing GAC filters were 68% of the actively ozonated state.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.315-316
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• 1989

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2005

Variation in the microbial biomass and community structure found in sediment of heavily polluted bays and the adjacent unpolluted areas were examined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Total microbial biomass and microbial community structure were responding to environmental determinants, sediment grain size, depth of sediment, and pollution due to petroleum hydrocarbons. The marker fatty acids of microeukaryotes and prokaryotes - aerobic, anaerobic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria - were detected in sediments of the areas studied. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles revealed wide variations in the community structure in sediments, depending on the extent of pollution, sediment depth, and sediment grain size. The abundance of specific bacterial fatty acids points to the dominance of prokaryotic organisms, whose composition differed among the stations. Fatty acid distributions in sediments suggest the high contribution of aerobic bacteria. Sediments of polluted sites were significantly enriched with anaerobic bacteria in comparison with clean areas. The contribution of this bacterial group increased with the depth of sediments. Anaerobic bacteria were predominantly present in muddy sediments, as evidenced from the fatty acid profiles. Relatively high concentrations of marker fatty acids of sulfate-reducing bacteria were associated with organic pollution in this site. Specific fatty acids of microeukaryotes were more abundant in surface sediments than in deeper sediment layers. Among the microeukaryotes, diatoms were an important component. Significant amounts of bacterial biomass, the predominance of bacterial biomarker fatty acids with abundance of anaerobic and sulfate-reducing bacteria are indicative of a prokaryotic consortium responsive to organic pollution.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

The ecology of estuarine bacteria in terms of bactenal production and biomass was investigated in Naktong embayment. Intrusion of eutrophic freshwater was one of the major factors affecting on the ecosystem of Naktong embayment. Total bacterial number varied from $2.2{\times}10^5 cells/ml to 9.8{\times}10^5 $ cellslml, and the variation ranges of the bacterial biovolume and biomass were 0.023-0.201TEX>$\mu$$m^3$/cell and 0.010-0.140 TEX>$\mu$g-Clml, respectively, and there was a reciprocal relationship between bacterial number and biomass. Pool size of thymidine varied from 12.93 nM to 44.56 nM. The pool during summer was supposed to be composed of easily utilizable form than the typical one of winter, which suggests thal bacterial productivity measured in summer may be underestimated. Bactenal production varied from 0.12 TEX>$\mu$g-Cllh to 22.38 TEX>$\mu$g-Clllh, and the values were low in winter and increased from spring and reached the highest in summer. The variations of bacterial production showed high correlations with temperature, chlorophyll a, and bacterial biomass. These results suggested that the main source of organic matters which influence the bacterial production in Naktong embayment may be the photosynthetic excretory products of phytoplanktons.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2001

Improvement of water quality and Investigation of bacterial characteristics have been conducted in a pilot plant using biological activated carbon (BAC) in water treatment process at the downstream of the Nakdong River. Most of water control parameters were highly improved after passing through BAC. Approximately 54% of dissolved organic carbon was removed in coal-based BAC process. Bacterial biomass and bacterial production appeared $9.8{\times}10^8 CFU/g and 7.1mg-C/m^3$.hr in coal-based BAC, respectively. Predominant bacteria species grown in BAC were identified as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas species. Particularly Pseudomonas vesicularis was dominant in both coal-based and coconut-based BACs, while Pseudomonas cepacia was dominant in wood-based BAC.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2013

The concentration of organic compounds was analyzed at each step of BAC process though $BDOC_{total/rapid/slow}$. Further, bacteria communities and biomass concentrations measured FISH and ATP methods were analyzed. The bed volume (BV) of steady state is different from that of based on assessment of organic compounds removal. Bed volumes in DOC, $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{total/slow}$ removal at steady state were around 27,500 (185.8 day), 15,000 (101.4 day) and 32,000 (216.2 day), respectively. A biomass didn't change after the bed volume reached 22,500 (152.0 day) according to analyzing ATP concentration of bacteria. The concentration of ATP was 2.14 ${\mu}g/g$ in BV 22,500 (152.0 day). The total bacterial number was $4.01{\pm}0.4{\times}10^7$ cells/g at the bed volume 1,150 (7.8 day) (the initial operation) and the number of bacteria was $9.27{\pm}0.2{\times}10^9$ at the bed volume 58,560 395.7 day) that increased more than 200 times. Bacterial uptrend was reduced and bacterial communities were stabilized since BV 18,720 (126.5 day). When BV were 1,150 (7.8 day), 8,916 (60.2 day), 18,720 (126.5 day), 31,005 (209.5 day), 49,632 (335.3 day), 58,560 (395.7 day), a proportion of total bacteria for the Eubacteria were 60.1%, 66.0%, 78.4%, 82.0%, 81.3% respectively. ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria group was the most population throughout the entire range. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) between Eubacteria biomass and ATP concentration was 0.9448.