• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.769-782
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• 2009

Stereoscopic video service is one of the most widely adopted technologies for 3-Dimensional technology. However, the stereoscopic video service has not been penetrated into the market since there does not exist a proper transmission method even though the conventional MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) has support for broadcast service of mono-scopic video contents. This is partly because the MPEG-2 TS does not support displaying a stereoscopic video content which consists of several composition types widely used in the market. This paper proposes the new MPEG-2 TS specification suitable for transmitting and displaying stereoscopic video contents. In order to show feasibility of the proposal, this paper describes an end-to-end system which is implemented with consideration of the method how to multiplex and de-multiplex stereoscopic video contents as well as keeping backward compatibility with the traditional MPEG-2 TS.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.185-197
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• 2001

Recently, the design method by VHDL coding and synthesis has been used widely. As the integration ratio increases, the amount design by VHDL at a time also increases so many coding errors occur in a design. Thus, lots of time and effort is dissipated to detect those coding errors. This paper proposed a method to verify the coding errors in VHDL behavioral-level designs. As the methodology, we chose the method to detect the coding error by applying the generated set of verifying patterns and comparing the responses from the error-free case(gold unit) and the real design. Thus, we proposed an algorithm to generate the verifying pattern set for the coding errors. Verifying pattern generation is peformed for each code and the coding errors are classified as two kind: condition errors and assignment errors. To generate the patterns, VHDL design is first converted into the corresponding CDFG(Control & Data Flow Graph) and the necessary information is extracted by searching the paths in CDFG. Path searching method consists of forward searching and backward searching from the site where it is assumed that coding error occurred. The proposed algorithm was implemented with C-language. We have applied the proposed algorithm to several example VHDL behavioral-level designs. From the results, all the patterns for all the considered coding errors in each design could be generated and all the coding errors were detectable. For the time to generate the verifying patterns, all the considered designed took less than 1 ［sec］ of CPU time in Pentium-II 400MHz environments. Consequently, the verification method proposed in this paper is expected to reduce the time and effort to verify the VHDL behavioral-level designs very much.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.415-428
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• 2004

The purpose of this thesis was to develop torso patterns according to the physical types of men in 20s. The procedure and results are as follows; 1. Of the men in 20s meeting the national average of physique, 4 men were selected and classified into 2 physical types according to their chest and waist circumference drops. One group had 20㎝ drop (Y type) while the other had 16㎝ drop (N type). Through evaluation performed by clothing construction professionals on the 4 upper bodice blocks drafted according to the existent drafting method and dressed on the 4 men, several problems have been found. These problems were adjusted and supplemented to make two new blocks. The fit of the new blocks were evaluated and proved to be satisfactory. 2. The following is the adjustments made to the existent men's torso patterns which had been utilized as the objects the first evaluation experiment. ① Though the back waist length of the pattern from the existent drafting method covered the center back length of the body in both Y type and N type, the front length did not causing it to stand away from the body. To adjust this, 2.0㎝ has been added to the center front length of each pattern so that the waist line could make a bar level to the ground. ② The shoulder line of the pattern from the existent drafting method had the tendency to fall backward. To make the shoulder line to fall in place, it has been moved 1.0㎝ to the front. 0.5㎝ has been added to the should length. ③ The neckline had a tendency to climb up. It has been lowered by 0.5㎝ until the line touched the center front neck point. ④ Though different in degree, the neck circumference did not allow enough width for both physique type causing the neckline to pull at side neck point with diagonal crease. To adjust this, 0.3㎝ and 0.6㎝ has been added to the Y type and N type respectively so that the neckline would touch the side neck point and the neckline could naturally fall into its original position. ⑤ Though different in degree, there was not enough space at the armhole causing wrinkles around this area. Therefore, 0.25㎝ and 0.5㎝ has been added to the front and back of the armholes of the Y and N types respectively. The armhole was made 1.0㎝ deeper only for the N type. ⑥ 1.0㎝ in the front and 0.5㎝ in the back were added to the side scam for the Y type while 0.5㎝ in the front and 0.25㎝ in the back were added for N type. This eliminated the unwanted wrinkles to give the silhouette a smooth look.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-83
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• 2008

The meaning of "added value" refers to the contribution of the factors of production, i.e., land, labor, and capital goods, to raising the value of a product and corresponds to the incomes received by the owners of these factors. The importance of added value in service industry has been recognized as one of the critical factors to economic growth, even in logistics industry. But, it is hard to find out the previous studies providing a clear definition and framework for designing and analyzing the performance of Value Added Logistics(VAL). The purpose of this study is to define the meaning of extended VAL that extensively includes activities initiating and operating the reverse logistics under the closed-loop logistic scheme, and to suggest the framework that describes the partnerships among participants involving in operating the value added logistics. Also, in this paper, we emphasize on the need for investigation of added value logistics definition and framework based on previous academic studies, and examine various value added logistics service activities of current leading 3PL companies across the world. Finally, we suggest the analytic framework for value added logistics throughout closed-loop logistics.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2013

This paper focuses upon the relationship between port and port city. The purpose of this study is to theoretically review the relationship between port and its city, and to identify crucial policy directions for mutual development of port and the backward city in the case of Gwangyang Port (GP), Korea. The contents of this paper consist of five main sections: introduction; a concept of port-port city relationship; an analysis of the relationship between GP and its city; policy directions for GP city; conclusion. This study was mainly conducted by a literature review of the papers/reports and the analysis of secondary data. Significant policy strategies are associated with development of value-added logistics, expansion of additional port business, vitalization of port hinterlands, and establishment of port logistics clusters in terms of port economic function. Green port operation, improvements of coastal environment, establishment of port waterfronts, and conceptual port redevelopment master plan are included in the major port city development strategies in terms of sustainable development. Another major port city development strategies contain major port city master plan, institutional arrangements for port city development, specialized port city development policy, and formation of free trade port city in relation to integrated port-port city planning and management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.21-38
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• 2020

Currently, in-port emissions are a serious problem in port cities. However, emissions, especially non-greenhouse gases, from the operation of cargo handling equipment (CHE) have received significant attention from scientific circles. This study estimates the amount of emissions from on-land port diesel-powered CHE in the Port of Incheon. With real-time activity data provided by handling equipment operating companies, this research applies an activity-based approach to capture an up-to-date and reliable diesel-powered CHE emissions inventory during 2017. As a result, 105.6 tons of carbon monoxide (CO), 243.2 tons of nitrogen oxide (NOx), 0.005 tons of sulfur oxide (Sox), 22.8 tons of particulate matter (PM), 26.0 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 0.2 tons of ammonia (NH3) were released from the landside CHE operation. CO and NOx emissions are the two primary air pollutants from the CHE operation in the Port of Incheon, contributing 87.71% of the total amount of emissions. Cranes, forklifts, tractors, and loaders are the four major sources of pollution in the Port of Incheon, contributing 84.79% of the total in-port CHE emissions. Backward diesel-powered machines equipped in these CHE are identified as a key cause of pollution. Therefore, this estimation emphasizes the significant contribution of diesel CHE to port air pollution and suggests the following green policies should be applied: (1) replacement of old diesel powered CHE by new liquefied natural gas and electric equipment; (2) the use of NOx reduction after-treatment technologies, such as selective catalytic reduction in local ports. In addition, a systematic official national emission inventory preparation method and consecutive annual in-port CHE emission inventories are recommended to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of green policies conducted in the future.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

A grouting method has been widely used in construction of large-scale structure to reduce permeability and reinforce the ground. If cement and grout material were not mixed well in the injection tip equipment, an opposite flow and interception state of the chemical grouting can occur. McG (Multi-mixing counterflow prevented Grouting, McG) method installed a special grouting device to allow better mixing of the grouting material(above fineness $6,000cm^2/g$) and prevent backward flow. The block of nozzle also diversify powder rate of cement. YSS (Youngil Special Silicate, YSS) that lowers $Na_2O$ and thereby increases durability was developed by gel-forming reaction material. The seepage state and unconfined compressive strength of the injection material using the special injection tip equipment was tested in this study. The results of this study showed that the uniaxial compressive strength, permeability, N-value, TCR and RQD were improved by this method. Engineering characteristics obtained by the special injection tip method will be compared with those by the other method through various field tests from now on.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.9B
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• pp.1643-1651
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• 1999

Video-On-Demand (VOD) is expected to provide the user with interactive operations such as VCR functions. In particular, fast scan functions like “Fast Forward” of “Fast Backward” for a certain speedup playback are required. Since they require a significant amount of system resources, schemes to reduce bandwidth requirements for the network or disk are needed. In MPEG standard, Group-of-Pictures (GoP) is a random access unit which can be decoded independently. Since storing and transmitting a video stream based on GoP is efficient, it is practical to support fast scan functions based on GoP. In this paper, we present a dynamic transmission scheduling scheme to support fast scan functions with m-times normal playback rate for a stored video. The proposed scheme writes a transmission schedule whenever user requests a fast scan function. That is, the scheme constructs the data set to be smoothed by skipping GoPs according to a given speedup factor, and then writes the transmission schedule by applying a bandwidth smoothing. Finally, the scheme restarts the transmission of video data to a client according to the new schedule. The proposed scheme results in speeding up the playback rate by utilizing “GoP skipping”, and then reduces the computational overhead by applying a bandwidth smoothing based on GoP.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 1990

Korean input-output tables for 1975 and 1985 are first deflated into 1975 constant domestic prices(hypothetical terms), and the constant price I-O data are used to decompose the sources of industrial growth and structural change during the 1975-85 period. Using the same methodology, our results for the 1975-85 period are then linked to the results for the earlier period(1955-75) in order to analyze and evaluate the "demand-side" sources of industrialization over the past three decades. The results from the decomposition of the whole economy indicate that over three decades(1955-85) the relative contribution of domestic demand expansion (DDE) to growth and structural change has continuously declined while the contribution of export expansion(EE) has generally continued to rise. The contribution of import-substitution(IS) which had been significantly higher than that of EE during 1955-63 declined substantially, remaining at an insignificantly low level during the period following 1963. Although it is well known that the government's industrial policy in the 1970s emphasized import-substitution in heavy and chemical industries, no significant changes in the export-oriented growth pattern could be observed even for that period, except for a minor decline in the relative contribution of EE. This may be attributed to the substantially larger, backward-linkage effects of EE than that of IS. The sources-of-growth decompositions for major branches of the manufacturing sector generally support the major conclusions derived from the decomposition for the whole economy. The IS contribution which had been significantly high in almost all manufacturing branches during the 1955-63 period declined to low levels in all but two branches, heavy industry and machinery, during the following period. On the other hand, the relative contribution of EE showed a continuous rise in almost all manufacturing branches(except food processing). Finally, the sources of growth for 1975-85 which were decomposed by detailed sub branches, are analyzed by correlating them with changes in relative prices and industrial protection rates by sub-branches for the same period. A major result is that contrary to general expectations, the EE contributions by sub-branch are not negatively correlated with the nominal rates of protection and/or the effective rates of protection for the same sub-branches. It is also found that no statistically significant, positive correlation exists between IS contributions and nominal protection rates or effective protection rates. These unexpected results may be explained by the peculiar nature of the Korean system of industrial incentives for the past period.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.191-205
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion). Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows; 1. There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05). 2. The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated postoperative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3. The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). 4. There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5. The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6. In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperative misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and postoperation.