• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-79
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• 1998

In this paper, I advocate interactive model which treats science and technology as distinguishable subcultures each with their own bodies of lore and competence against the traditonal hierachical model which treats technology as applied science. For engineering science which is a component in technology as knowledge, I count design as the core part of engineering and discuss the characteristic of engineering design. I also critically assess the models of technological knowledge change, Khunian model and variation-selection model to understand the relation between science and technology. I propose a model that science and technology interaction is mediated interaction. I only outline the plausibility of this model. Industrial research is a modern form of the interaction between science and technology. I discuss Reich who focused on the broad background of industrial research and MeyerThurow who has microperspective in industrial research. The conclusion I draw from the discussion, is that through industiral research, the science-technology interaction become more structured and autonomous, and the scientists and engineers become simply patrs of the structure of industrial research rather than the personal subject.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

Domestically multicultural society is being demanded a change in recognition today into the direction of harmony from assimilation. This change in paradigm is having a proposition as understanding about mutually different cultural background. A role of cultural contents is getting important more than ever as a link of understanding and recognition between heterogeneous groups. These cultural contents can be enhanced its effect when being developed on the basis of cooperation by which the multi-cultural members themselves participate in a project, and can conform even with social significance. The purpose of this study is to analyze a project case of a multicultural contents planning team 'Arto Placo', which produced contents through cooperation between a foreigner group including marriage immigrants and a local group such as illustrator and children's book writer. Each project was indicated to be contents such as public performance, exhibition, ad APP book. The aim was to specifically examine Case Selection and Introduction, Contents's Planning Development, Assessment and Activation plan.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2017

The theses is an analytical comparison research between 'Skills Link' and 'Do Dream' : the former is an effective program to establish a variety of intervention strategies and the institutional foundation for employment support of disadvantaged youth, performed by ESDC in the level of the nation, and the latter is the program which is carried out by K-Dream Center of MGEF in South Korea. As for the research method, comparison and analysis have been fulfilled, focusing on the employment support program. The research includes program background, goal, participation subject, selection standard, program contents, support period, support cost, and program effect. It suggests that we should design the systematic program for the youth in the transition to independency and perform constant support. It is necessary to select beneficiary on the consideration of the characteristics and situation of the disadvantaged youth. In addition, it is required to secure consistency of the program and enlarge the support period. For the sake of successful performance of the independent living program, it is a necessity to motivate the youth and introduce the ways to encourage the business sector to take part in.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2009

Background: Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain is a challenging condition that causes lower back or buttock pain; however, there is no universally accepted long-term treatment. There have been several reports of ligament prolotherapy for SI joint pain, but these have had inconsistent results, probably due to the lack of a specific diagnosis for patient selection and variability in the volume, number and sites of injection. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the efficacy of intraarticular prolotherapy for relieving SI joint pain diagnosed by local anesthetic intraarticular injection. Methods: Twenty-two patients with SI joint pain confirmed by 50% or more improvement in response to local anesthetic block underwent intraarticular prolotherapy with 25% dextrose water every other week three times. The numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed at the initial visit and after completion of a series of prolotherapy and the NRS was checked during monthly follow-up sessions to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this technique. Results: Twenty patients completed prolotherapy and followed up as scheduled. The NRS and ODI were significantly improved from 6 (4-8) and $34.1{\pm}15.5$ to 1 (0-3) and $12.6{\pm}9.8$ (P < 0.01), respectively, at 1 month after prolotherapy. The mean duration of pain relief of 50% or more was 12.2 months (95% CI, 10.0-14.3) as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusions: Intraarticular prolotherapy provided long-term relief of sacroiliac joint pain and may have more benefits than ligament prolotherapy or neurolysis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2015

To meet the increasing demands of specific pathogen free (SPF) minipigs in biomedical researches, 8 pregnant Chinese Wuzhishan minipigs (WZSP) sows with clear background were chosen to obtain SPF WZSP by hysterectomy. At $111{\pm}days2$ of the pregnancy, piglets were aseptically taken out from the sows and artificially suckled for 40 to 45 days in the positive isolators. Then, the piglets defined as F0 were transferred to barrier environment and fed with standard feeds. The original SPF colony was formed for breeding by selected piglets from F0 group of 6-8 months old. Biological characteristics of SPF WZSP were collected and further compared to those of conventional (CV) WZSP, including growth performance, reproductive performance, hematology and blood biochemistry, and major pathogens detection. As a result, 61 F0 piglets were obtained from 8 candidate sows, and 55 out of them survived. After strictly selection, 35 F0 piglets were used to form the original SPF colony, which produced 14 litters of SPF piglets defined as F1. Piglet survival rates, growth performance, and reproductive performance of SPF WZSP were similar to CV WZSP. Some hematology and blood biochemistry parameters showed significant differences between SPF and CV WZSP. Eighteen kinds of pathogens were identified to be free in F0 and F1 SPF colony by repeated pathogen detections. In conclusion, we established a satisfied SPF WZSP colony maintaining original characteristics, free of controlled diseases, and being proved to be a suitable laboratory animal.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2016

Background: The evaluation of suitable reference genes as normalization controls is a prerequisite requirement for launching quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR)-based expression study. In order to select the stable reference genes in abalone Haliotis discus hannai tissues (gill and hepatopancreas) under heavy metal exposure conditions (Cu, Zn, and Cd), 12 potential candidate housekeeping genes were subjected to expression stability based on the comprehensive ranking while integrating four different statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ${\Delta}CT$ method). Results: Expression stability in the gill subset was determined as RPL7 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL3 > PPIB > RPL7A > EF1A > RPL4 > GAPDH > RPL5 > UBE2 > B-TU. On the other hand, the ranking in the subset for hepatopancreas was RPL7 > RPL3 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL4 > EF1A > RPL5 > RPL7A > B-TU > UBE2 > PPIB > GAPDH. The pairwise variation assessed by the geNorm program indicates that two reference genes could be sufficient for accurate normalization in both gill and hepatopancreas subsets. Overall, both gill and hepatopancreas subsets recommended ribosomal protein genes (particularly RPL7) as stable references, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ${\beta}-tubulin$ (B-TU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were ranked as unstable genes. The validation of reference gene selection was confirmed with the quantitative assay of MT transcripts. Conclusions: The present analysis showed the importance of validating reference genes with multiple algorithmic approaches to select genes that are truly stable. Our results indicate that expression stability of a given reference gene could not always have consensus across tissue types. The data from this study could be a good guide for the future design of RT-qPCR studies with respect to metal regulation/detoxification and other related physiologies in this abalone species.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1288-1296
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• 2013

The prominent line at the singe image is the important fact for understanding spatial structure or estimating aesthetic scoring. According to this thesis, the abstraction of the background line helps analyzing vanishing point, reconstitution of 3 dimensions, and determining of image sloppiness. It also makes easy to calculate the rule of thirds. This thesis is composed of section hough transform mapping, prioritizing of the prominent line, and selection of the prominent line. These technologies are departmentalized to be applied abstraction of traffic lane, analyzing of building structure, abstraction of vanishing point, and abstraction of straight line documentation. This gives the choice that users are able to compose technology by considering characteristic of objects and luminous environment. This thesis also can be applied to abstract circle. The interval hough transform is able to select the number of prominent line which users want to abstract. It can analyze important prominent line numbers at the image and then abstract the lines, too. Results of prominent lines by experiments would be show at this thesis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.245-258
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• 2011

Best management practices (BMPs) are widely accepted and implemented as a mitigation method for soil erosion and non-point source problems. Estimating the amount of soil erosion and the effectiveness of BMPs using hydrological models help to understand the condition, identify the problems, and make plans for conservation practices in an area, typically a watershed. However, the accuracy and reliability of assessment of BMP impacts estimated by hydrological models can be often questionable due to the uncertainties from various sources including GIS(Geographic Information System) data, scale, and model. This study reviewed the development and the background of hydrological models, and the modeling issues such as the selection of models, scale, and uncertainties of data and models. This study also discussed the advantage of a small scale and spatially distributed model to estimate the impacts of BMPs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2015

The development of rapid and efficient genome sequencing methods has enabled us to study the evolutionary background of bacterial genetic information. Here, we present comparative genomic analysis of 17 Streptomyces species, for which the genome has been completely sequenced, using the pan-genome approach. The analysis revealed that 34,592 ortholog clusters constituted the pan-genome of these Streptomyces species, including 2,018 in the core genome, 11,743 in the dispensable genome, and 20,831 in the unique genome. The core genome was converged to a smaller number of genes than reported previously, with 3,096 gene families. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes involved in transcription were most abundant in the Streptomyces pan-genome. Finally, we investigated core genes for the sigma factors, mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and secondary metabolism pathways; our data showed that many genes involved in stress response and morphological differentiation were commonly expressed in Streptomyces species. Elucidation of the core genome offers a basis for understanding the functional evolution of Streptomyces species and provides insights into target selection for the construction of industrial strains.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제44권
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• pp.257-279
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• 2009

The underlying purpose of this paper is to interest scholars in 'Trade English'. 'Trade English' has to be recognized as one area of 'International Trade' disciplines and more studies have to be carried out with more attention from the scholars. Although there are many areas to be dealt with in 'Trade English', this paper discusses about the syllabus design of 'Trade English' from an educator's point of view. First of all, this paper reviews some theoretical background researches about needs analysis and syllabus design in 'Trade English' teaching and learning as ESP. With a systematic structure under the decent syllabus, selection and sequence of contents get clear and easier. Secondly, along with the rationals based on theoretical researches, how these theories are being or can be applied to the real classroom are discussed for further studies. A different syllabus would be designed according to needs analysis. In reality, the syllabus for practitioners who are doing their jobs in International Trade areas has to be definitely different from the one for pre-practitioners who are studying in International Trade areas at the tertiary education level. Namely, different learners present different needs and different needs make up the different syllabus. In order to provide these learners with the syllabus which can address their own needs, more researches or studies have to be done in the future. Since 'Trade English' is the discipline where two areas-International Trade and English as a second/foreign language-are mixed, the researches or studies also have to be carried out collaboratively by scholars from both areas.