• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.706-717
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• 2009

A web application is implemented by reusing the library provided by framework and has hierarchical architecture. Also, to deal with the user request from a screen, the web application has an execution flow, called 'Business Logic', which starts with a screen, executes its composed component and comes back to the screen via database. To test web application effectively, it should reflect the characteristics of web application. In this paper we propose to test web applications via user screens with the black-box testing approach and verify its source codes with the web interface white-box test coverage that covers all the business logics of the test target and their corresponding interfaces. We analyze the proposing testing method through its tool: Testopiacov.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.464-476
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• 1998

Determination of location, shape and size of a flaw from its eddy current testing signal is one of the fundamental issues in eddy current nondestructive evaluation of steam generator tubes. Here, we propose an approach to this problem; an inversion of eddy current flaw signal using neural networks trained by finite element model-based synthetic signatures. Total 216 eddy current signals from four different types of axisymmetric flaws in tubes are generated by finite element models of which the accuracy is experimentally validated. From each simulated signature, total 24 eddy current features are extracted and among them 13 features are finally selected for flaw characterization. Based on these features, probabilistic neural networks discriminate flaws into four different types according to the location and the shape, and successively back propagation neural networks determine the size parameters of the discriminated flaw.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.349-358
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• 2023

Real-Time Hybrid Testing (RTHT) requires the numerical substructure calculations to be completed within the defined integration time interval due to its real-time loading demands. For solving the problem, A Real-Time Hybrid Testing based on Restart-Loading Technology (RTHT-RLT) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, in case of the numerical substructure calculations cannot be completed within the defined integration time interval, the experimental substructure was returned back to the initial state statically. When the newest loading commands were calculated by the numerical substructure, the experimental substructure was restarted loading from the initial state to the newest loading commands so as to precisely disclosing the dynamic performance of the experimental substructure. Firstly, the methodology of the RTHT-RLT is proposed. Furthermore, the numerical simulations and experimental tests on one frame structure with a viscous damper are conducted for evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed RTHT-RLT. It is shown that the proposed RTHT-RLT innovatively renders the nonreal-time refined calculation of the numerical substructure feasible for the RTHT. The numerical and experimental results show that the proposed RTHT-RLT exhibits excellent performance in terms of stability and accuracy. The proposed RTHT-RLT may have broad application prospects for precisely investigating the dynamic behavior of large and complex engineering structures with specific experimental substructure where a restarting procedure does not affect the relevant hysteretic response.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this experimental study have been testifying about reactive muscle control regarding sternocleidomastoid and psoas. Low back pain patient do not sit-up exercise without abnormality of trunk flexor. The reason of problem is unbalance sternocleidomastoid and psoas. According to George J, Goodheart who have been developing Applied Kinesiology (A. K.) since reactive muscle recognized gait testing in 1964. Materials and Methods: From September, 2004 to February, 2005, I have controled sternocleidomastoid and psoas. It is applied to the patients who are unable sit up exercise at Yang-Dong local clinic, Yang-Pyung county, Kyung-Gi Do province in Korea. 24 Patients divided 2 groups. A group is applied general physical therapy. Also B group is added reactive muscle control from M.E.M.P.T.(Korean society of muscle and energy monitoring physical therapy) Results : The results of this study follow. 1. Possible sit up group 8 persons of the second group. 2. Not possible sit up group the others. Conclusion: The study present that reactive muscle control sternocliedomastoid and psoas is useful in patient with low back pain is difficult to sit up.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect analysis of clinical sing in 40 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: All patients were assessed by the low back pain protocol which was composed of symptom, clinical sing before and after the treatment. The effect of clinical sing was analyzed by age, occupation, duration of symptom. Results: Occupation by clinical sing of after the treatment was desking job s from 3.6 to 5.2 scores(p<0.05). Duration of symptoms by clinical sing of after the treatment was over 4 months from 3.8 to 5.5 scores(p<0.05). Clinical sing of after the treatment was straight leg raising test from 1.275 to 1.850 scores, sensory disturbances from 1.425 to 2.575 scores, manual muscle testing from 1.525 to 4.625 scores. Conclusion: Herniated disks are most common in middle age, especially between 35 and 45, due to aging-related degeneration of the disks. Significant or increasing pain, numbness or weakness spreading to one or both legs. Progressive loss of sensation in areas that would touch a saddle (inner thighs, back of legs and area around the rectum).

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2012

Since introduced by Vining and Myers in 1990, the concept of dual response approach based on response surface methodology has widely been investigated and adopted for the purpose of robust design. Separately estimating mean and variance responses, dual response approach may take advantages of optimization modeling for finding optimum settings of input factors. Explicitly assuming functional relationship between responses and input factors, however, it may not work well enough especially when the behavior of responses are poorly represented. A sufficient number of experimentations are required to improve the precision of estimations. This study proposes an alternative to dual response approach in which additional experiments are not required. An artificial neural network has been applied to model relationships between responses and input factors. Mean and variance responses correspond to output nodes while input factors are used for input nodes. Training, validating, and testing a neural network with empirical process data, an artificial data based on the neural network may be generated and used to estimate response functions without performing real experimentations. A drug formulation example from pharmaceutical industry has been investigated to demonstrate the procedures and applicability of the proposed approach.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.828-834
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• 1997

The knowledge of material stress-strain behavior is an essential requirement for design and analysis of deformation processes. Empirical stress-strain relationship and constitutive equations describing material behavior during deformation are being widely used, despite suffering some drawbacks in terms of ease of development, accuracy and speed. In the present study, back-propagation neural networks are used to model and predict the flow stresses of a HSLA steel under conditions of constant strain, strain rate and temperature. The performance of the network model is comparedto those of statistical models on rate equations. Well-trained network model provides fast and accurate results, making it superior to statistical models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.637-647
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• 2004

The goal of this study was to develop bicycle apparel pattern for women cyclists. To investigate the pattern of bicycle apparel in Korea, anthropometric data were collected using direct and indirect measurements from October 2002 to July 2003. Three female subjects were recruited from forty measured women cyclists for pilot test. The differences between the responses of prototype bicycle apparel and existing bicycle apparel were compared using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The outfits for cyclists was completed through the three times rectification. Based on the results from the fit and appearance testing, I concluded as follows: The mean value of the center back length, back width, sleeve out-seam, bust ＆ thigh circumference, and weight of cyclists are more than the mean value of the non-cyclists. The result of fit evaluation by judges shows that there is a significant differences in the response to the shoulder, collar, movement of arms of jersey and movement of upper legs, crotch fit and general fit of shots. The result of appearance test between two outfits is no differences the mean value except the waist ease when sitting on cycle. Prototype bicycle apparel pattern for women cyclists developed and tested in this study have the potential to increase field performance and appearance.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2007

A backscatter Kikuchi diffraction attachment to an SEM enables the convenient investigation of grain orientations on bulk or micro surface. Their relation to micro structural features gives insight into many aspects of anisotropic materials properties. In micro area such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems(MEMS) devices is required in order to improve understanding of how they may be expected to perform upon the micro scale. Electro Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) helps us to find uniform area as MEMS material. The ${\gamma}-TiAl$ has two different lamellar structures ${\gamma}/{\alpha}2-Ti_3Al$ phase which have shows $\{111\}{\gamma}//\{0001\}{\alpha}2$ plane indexing. The micro size testing specimen was successfully made by this structural relation. Interlamellar structure specimen averagely show $20{\sim}25%$ lower fracture toughness value compare with translamellar specimens Moreover micro fracture surface and micro crack progress were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.490-495
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• 1999

In this paper. a learning method VoD-EBP for neural networks is proposed, which learn patterns by error back propagation. Based on Voronoi diagram, the method initializes the weights of the neural networks systematically, wh~ch results in faster learning speed and alleviated local optimum problem. The method also shows better the reliability of the design of neural network because proper number of hidden nodes are determined from the analysis of Voronoi diagram. For testing the performance, this paper shows the results of solving the XOR problem and the parity problem. The results were showed faster learning speed than ordinary error back propagation algorithm. In solving the problem, local optimum problems have not been observed.