• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2011

In the elastic wave equations, both horizontal and vertical displacements are defined. Since we can measure both the horizontal and vertical displacements in field acquisition, these displacements compose a displacement vector. In this study, we propose a frequency-domain elastic waveform inversion technique taking advantage of the magnitudes of displacement vectors to define objective function. When we apply this displacement-vector objective function to the frequency-domain waveform inversion, the inversion process naturally incorporates the back-propagation algorithm. Through the inversion examples with the Marmousi model and the SEG/EAGE salt model, we could note that the RMS error of the solution obtained by our algorithm decreased more stably than that of the conventional method. Particularly, the density of the Marmousi model and the low-velocity sub-salt zone of the SEG/EAGE salt model were successfully recovered. Since the gradient direction obtained from the proposed objective function is numerically unstable, we need additional study to stabilize the gradient direction. In order to perform the waveform inversion using the displacementvector objective function, it is necessary to acquire multi-component data. Hence, more rigorous study should be continued for the multi-component land acquisition or OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable) multi-component survey.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 1998

In the case of acquisition and displaying medical Images such as ultrasonography and endoscopy on VGA monitor of PC system, image degradation of tear-drop appears through scan conversion. In this study, we compare several methods which can solve this degradation and implement the hardware system that resolves this problem in real-time with PC. It is possible to represent high quality image display and real-time processing and acquisition with specific de-interlacing device and PCI bridge on our hardware system. Image quality is improved remarkably on our hardware system. It is implemented as PC-based system, so acquiring, saving images and describing text comment on those images and PACS networking can be easily implemented.metabolism. All images were spatially normalized to MNI standard PET template and smoothed with 16mm FWHM Gaussian kernel using SPM96. Mean count in cerebral region was normalized. The VOls for 34 cerebral regions were previously defined on the standard template and 17 different counts of mirrored regions to hemispheric midline were extracted from spatially normalized images. A three-layer feed-forward error back-propagation neural network classifier with 7 input nodes and 3 output nodes was used. The network was trained to interpret metabolic patterns and produce identical diagnoses with those of expert viewers. The performance of the neural network was optimized by testing with 5~40 nodes in hidden layer. Randomly selected 40 images from each group were used to train the network and the remainders were used to test the learned network. The optimized neural network gave a maximum agreement rate of 80.3% with expert viewers. It used 20 hidden nodes and was trained for 1508 epochs. Also, neural network gave agreement rates of 75~80% with 10 or 30 nodes in hidden layer. We conclude that artificial neural network performed as well as human experts and could be potentially useful as clinical decision support tool for the localization of epileptogenic zones.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.205-227
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• 2002

Our study is focused on a multiple-agent system to provide efficient collaborative work by automating the conference calling process with the help of intelligent agents. Automating the meeting scheduling requires a careful consideration of the individual official schedule as well as the privacy and personal preferences. Therefore, the automation of conference calling needs the distributed processing task where a separate calendar management process is associated for increasing the reliability and inherent parallelism. This paper describes in detail the design and implementation issues of a multiple-agent system for conference calling that allows the convener and participants to minimize their efforts in creating a meeting. Our system is based on the client-sewer model. In the sewer side, a scheduling agent, a negotiating agent, a personal information managing agent, a group information managing agent, a session managing agent, and a coordinating agent are operating. In the client side, an interface agent, a media agent, and a collaborating agent are operating. Agents use a standardized knowledge manipulation language to communicate amongst themselves. Communicating through a standardized knowledge manipulation language allows the system to overcome heterogeneity which is one of the most important problems in communication among agents for distributed collaborative computing. The agents of our system propose the dates on which as many participants as possible are available to attend the conference using the forward chaining algorithm and the back propagation network algorithm.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate breakage and liberation characteristics of iron ore from Shinyemi mine, Jeongseon by ball mill. Parameters of breakage functions for three grade samples of iron ore were obtained using single-sized-feed breakage test and back-calculation based on nonlinear programming. The results showed that with the increase in the grade of iron ore, the breakage rate factor decrease whereas the particle size sensitivity decreases. This results from retardation of microcrack-propagation by magnetite grain in the ore. Breakage distribution analysis showed that the breakage mechanism appear to be impact fracture dominant with the increase of grade owing to the stress distribution effect by magnetite grain. Degree of liberation (DOL) increased with the increase in grade and decrease in particle size, respectively. Using the breakage function and size-DOL relationship, a model that can predict time-dependent-DOL is established. When scale-up factors from operating condition are available, the model is expected to be capable of predicting size and DOL with time in actual mining process.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.1749-1758
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• 1997

This paper suggests the development of dynamic forecasting model for short-term power demand based on Radial Basis Function Network and Pal's GLVQ algorithm. Radial Basis Function methods are often compared with the backpropagation training, feed-forward network, which is the most widely used neural network paradigm. The Radial Basis Function Network is a single hidden layer feed-forward neural network. Each node of the hidden layer has a parameter vector called center. This center is determined by clustering algorithm. Theatments of classical approached to clustering methods include theories by Hartigan(K-means algorithm), Kohonen(Self Organized Feature Maps %3A SOFM and Learning Vector Quantization %3A LVQ model), Carpenter and Grossberg(ART-2 model). In this model, the first approach organizes the load pattern into two clusters by Pal's GLVQ clustering algorithm. The reason of using GLVQ algorithm in this model is that GLVQ algorithm can classify the patterns better than other algorithms. And the second approach forecasts hourly load patterns by radial basis function network which has been constructed two hidden nodes. These nodes are determined from the cluster centers of the GLVQ in first step. This model was applied to forecast the hourly loads on Mar. $4^{th},\;Jun.\;4^{th},\;Jul.\;4^{th},\;Sep.\;4^{th},\;Nov.\;4^{th},$ 1995, after having trained the data for the days from Mar. $1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Jun.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Jul.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Sep.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;and\;from\;Nov.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},$ 1995, respectively. In the experiments, the average absolute errors of one-hour ahead forecasts on utility actual data are shown to be 1.3795%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.727-730
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• 2001

멀티미디어 환경의 급속한 발전에 의해 영상처리 기술은 인간의 인체와 관련하여 얼굴인식, 제스처 인식에 관한 응용과 더불어 스포츠 관련분야로 깊숙히 정착하고 있다. 그러나 입력영상으로부터 움직이고 있는 선수들의 동작을 추출 및 추적하는 일은 컴퓨터비전 연구의 난 문제 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 이러한 축구경기의 TV 중계에 있어서 하이라이트 장면의 자동추출(자동색인)은 그 경기의 가장 집약적인 표현이며, 축구경기 전체를 한 눈에 파악할 수 있도록 해주는 요약(summary)이자 intensive actions이고 경기의 진수이다. 따라서 축구경기와 같이 비교적 기 시간(대체로 1시간 30분) 동안 다수의 선수(양 팀 합해서 22명)들이 서로 복잡하게 뒤얽히면서 진행하는 경기의 하이라이트 장면을 효과적으로 포착하여 표현해 줄 수 있다면 TV를 통해서 경기를 관람하는 시청자들에게는 경기의 진행상황을 한 눈에 효과적으로 파악할 수 있게 해주어 흥미진진한 경기관람을 할 수 있게 해주고, 경기의 진행자들(감독, 코치, 선수 등)에게는 고차원적이고 과학적인 정보를 효과적으로 제공함으로써 한층 진보된 경기기법을 개발하고 과학적인 경기전략을 세울 수 있게 해준다. 본 논문은 이상과 같이 팀 스포츠(Team Spots)의 일종인 축구경기 하이라이트 장면의 자동색인을 위해 뉴럴네트워크 기법을 이용하여 그룹 포메이션(Group Formation) 중의 공격패턴 자동분류 기법을 개발하고 이를 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 축구경기장 내의 빈번하게 변화하는 장면들을 자동으로 분할하여 대표 프레임을 선정하고, 대표 프레임 상에서 선수들의 위치정보와 공의 위치정보 등을 기초로 하여 경기 중에 이루어지는 선수들의 그룹 포메이션을 추적하여 그룹행동(group behavior)을 분석하고, 뉴럴네트워크의 BP(Back-Propagation) 알고리즘을 사용하여 축구경기 공격패턴을 자동으로 인식 및 분류함으로써 축구경기 하이라이트 장면의 자동추출을 위한 기반을 마련하였다. 본 연구의 실험에는 '98 프랑스 월드컵 축구경기의 다양한 공격패턴에 대한 비디오 영상에서 각각 좌측공격 60개, 우측공격 74개, 중앙공격 72개, 코너킥 39개, 프리킥 52개의 총 297개의 데이터를 추출하여 사용하였다. 실험과는 좌측공격 91.7%, 우측공격 100%, 중앙공격 87.5%, 코너킥 97.4%, 프리킥 75%로서 매우 양호한 인식율을 보였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

As the recent development of the IT services, there is a urgent need of effective diagnosis system to present appropriate solution for the complicated problems of breakdown control, a cause analysis of breakdown and others. So we propose an intelligent diagnosis system that integrates the case-based reasoning and the artificial neural network to improve the system performance and to achieve optimal diagnosis. The case-based reasoning is a reasoning method that resolves the problems presented in current time through the past cases (experience). And it enables to make efficient reasoning by means of less complicated knowledge acquisition process, especially in the domain where it is difficult to extract formal rules. However, reasoning by using the case-based reasoning alone in diagnosis problem domain causes a problem of suggesting multiple causes on a given symptom. Since the suggested multiple causes of given symptom has the same weight, the unnecessary causes are also examined as well. In order to resolve such problems, the back-propagation learning algorithm of the artificial neural network is used to train the pairs of the causes and associated symptoms and find out the cause with the highest weight for occurrence to make more clarified and reliable diagnosis.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 1996

Extraction and selection of the informative features play a central role in pattern recognition. This paper describes a modified back-propagation algorithm that performs selection of the informative features and trains a neural network simultaneously. The algorithm is mainly composed of three repetitive steps : training, connection pruning, and input unit elimination. Afer initial training, the connections that have small magnitude are first pruned. Any unit that has a small number of connections to the hidden units is deleted,which is equivalent to excluding the feature corresponding to that unit.If the error increases,the network is retraned,again followed by connection pruning and input unit elimination.As a result,the algorithm selects the most im-portant features in the measurement space without a transformation to another space.Also,the selected features are the most-informative ones for the classification,because feature selection is tightly coupled with the classifi-cation performance.This algorithm helps avoid measurement of redundant or less informative features,which may be expensive.Furthermore,the final network does not include redundant parameters,i.e.,weights and biases,that may cause degradation of classification performance.In applications,the algorithm preserves the most informative features and significantly reduces the dimension of the feature vectors whiout performance degradation.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.471-507
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• 2014

Edification in Daesoonjinrihoe is not only a phenomenon that occurs following the differences of religious experience or spiritual development among the community members, which enables the members to share teaching and learning experiences with one another, but also an issue determined as one of the major activities of the religious order and a plan for achieving the purpose of the religious order-Podeokchenha(Wordly Propagation), Gujechansaeng (Salvation of all mankind) and Jisangcheonguk Geonseol(Building of earthly paradise). The purpose of this article is to clarify its concept and provide an example of edification, through considering the historical model for edification to help the cultivators with their work of edification. The archetype of edification of Daesoonjinrihoe was formed and gradually developed in phases by Sangje, Kang Jeungsan, the Supreme God(姜甑山, 1871-1909), Doju, Jo Jeongsan(趙鼎山, 1895-1958) and Dojeon, Park Wudang(朴牛堂, 1917-1995), by the three of whom the Religious Authority was succeeded. Sangje descended to the human world and preached to people to live by the rule of Haewon Sangsaeng(Resolution of grievances for the mutual beneficences of all life) and set an example of abolishing the old customs, living in mutual beneficences and having respect for human being. Doju, in revering the last will of Sangje, established the religious order by setting its creed, rituals and activities, which formed most contents of the archetype of edification. Dojeon set up a religious faith system by firmly establishing the Religious Authority and performed the True Law in accordance with Sangje's program of heaven to educate the cultivators to achieve the goal of self-cultivation following the last will of Doju. Through this, a perfect method to reach the state of Dotong(The Truly Unified State of Dao) is fulfilled. In this way, the archetype of edification was formed in the process of succession of Religious Authority. In conclusion, edification in Daesoonjinrihoe contributes to a 'systematic conveyance and understanding' through the historical archetype of edification, and it can be described as a concept that becomes a model to put into practice the 'True Law' of teachings given by two Sangjes for Dotong. Therefore, edification of Daesoonjinrihoe is drawing attention of its development as an important activity that realizes the ultimate value of the religious order because it solves the problems of immorality(absence of Dao), disorder and disregard of human value generated from the other side of this material civilization, with the truth of Haewon Sangsaeng, and has a function of rebuilding and leading the individuals and the society to the Truly Unified State of Dao through performing of the True Law.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.33
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• pp.91-145
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• 2019

This study aims to reveal that Daesoon Jinrihoe Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex is a sacred place of Gaebyeokgongsa (the Reordering Works of the Great Opening) through the logic of the energy of form in Feng-Shui studies. The Headquarters Temple Complex can illuminate the lamp of coexistence, emerge as a place for cultivation, and support the era of human nobility with Gucheonsangje (the Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven) as an object of faith. Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings, the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence, and Perfected Unification with Dao are the mission statements of this great site. For this purpose, it is necessary to investigate the headquarters according to integral Feng-Shui Theory. Doing so can provide proof that the geographic location, landscape, yin-yang harmonizing, and flowing veins of terrestrial energy at Headquarters Temple Complex are all profoundly auspicious. At the same time, this data also allows further study into the interactions of dragon-veins, energy hubs, surrounding mountains, and watercourses, which reveal how Daesoon Jinrihoe Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex promotes the basic works of propagation, edification, and cultivation and three societal works of charity aid, social welfare, and education for the purpose of global propagation, saving beings, and building an earthly paradise by reforming humanity and engaging in spiritual civilization. This must be done on site with proper Feng-Shui in order to open up the era of human nobility upon the Great Opening of the Later World. As the center of the religious order, Daesoon Jinrihoe, Yeoju Headquarter Temple Complex has the general Feng-Shui characteristic of Baesanimsu (a back supported by a mountain and a front facing water). Through discussing the Feng-Shui of Daesoon Jinrihoe's Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex as the center of humankind's resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence, this study would explore growth-supporting land that delivers future rewards through Feng-Shui symbolism and the ethical practice of grateful reciprocation of favors for mutual beneficence. This exploration will reveal how the geographical features and conditions of the Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex make it a place fit for spiritual cultivation. It is a miraculous luminous court surrounded by mountains, where auspicious signs in eight directions gather. Its veins of terrestrial energy harmonize with clean water energy as it is affectionately situated within its natural environment. Its location corresponds with the Feng-Shui theory of dragon-veins, energy hubs, surrounding mountains, and watercourses. Thus, with regards to the Feng-Shui of Daesoon Jinrihoe's Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex, this study examines the flows of mountains and waters and focuses on how the site is based on the logic of Feng-Shui. More generally, the geographical features of the surrounding mountains are likewise examined. An analysis of the relationship between Poguk (布局) of Sasinsa (animal symbols of the four directions, four gods, including blue dragon of the east, red phoenix of the south, white tiger of the west, and black tortoise of the north) and the location will be provided while focusing on the Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex. This study supports the feasibility of further Feng-Shui studies of the Yeoju Headquarters Temple Complex based on traditional geomancy books that focusing on Hyeonggi (Energy of Form) Theory.