• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

In order to give back-to-farm residents the stable settlement environment in the rural area, the 'community village' is desirable as the village type and its village planning guideline should be supported as well. The purpose of this study was to develop a guideline for the planning of back-to-farm community village in the living and social environmental aspects, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. The guideline for the living environment was developed for 6 items; village structure(adequate size, lot, outer space for household), village landscape(allocation, space composition), road system and transportation(parking lot in village, placement of bus stops, village trail, public transportation, road and pedestrian system), common living facilities and common space(number, size, location & placement, plan type, planning type of common facilities), transfer space, individual housing(type, size, planning type). The guideline for the social environment was developed for 3 items; village making and establishment(resident participation type, resident participation tool, residents' construction participation) and resident education in the course of planning, resident participation(gathering resident opinion, decision making, composition of construction committee, community newsletter).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2013

Background: Bertolotti's syndrome (BS), a form of lumbago in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, is an important cause of low back pain in young patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the etiology of low back pain and the efficacy of treatment offered to patients with BS. Methods: All patients of BS Castellvi type1a during a period of 6 months were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent interventional pain procedures for diagnosis and pain relief. Response to the therapy was assessed based on VAS and ODI scores. A 50% decrease in VAS score or a VAS score less than 3 would be considered adequate pain relief. Results: All 20 patients diagnosed with BS during the 6-month observation period had scoliosis. Common causes of back pain were the ipsilateral L5-S1 facet joint, neoarticulation, the SI joint, and disc degeneration. Responses to various interventions for pain relief were different and inconsistent from patient to patient. In particular, responses to interventions for neoarticular pain were generally poor. Conclusions: Pain in patients with BS does not usually respond to interventional pain treatment. A very dynamic treatment approach must be pursued while managing BS patients, and the treatment plan must be individualized at various stages in order to obtain satisfactory pain relief.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was designed to define the musculoskeletal pain levels among selected hairdressers and the risk factors for these musculoskeletal pain levels. Methods: A survey was conducted from July 1 to August 10, 2011 among 199 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province using a self-administered Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The affecting factors for musculoskeletal pain levels were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The musculoskeletal pain levels by body region were low back(6.19), ankle/foot(6.14), shoulder(5.27), knee(5.27), back(5.23) and wrist/hand(5.18). In stepwise regression, significant actors affecting the level of pain by body region were height on wrist/hand, low back, and knee and age on elbow. Conclusions: Based on these results, in order to prevent musculoskeletal diseases among hair dressers, standing time should be decreased and stretching should be performed regularly to protect the low back and knee.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.544-557
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• 2010

This paper addresses the problem of controlling the envelope's power peak of single carrier modulated signals, band limited by root-raised cosine (RRC) pulse shaping filters, in order to reduce power amplifier back-off for very small aperture terminals ground stations. Magnitude modulation (MM) is presented as a very efficient solution to the peak-to-average power ratio problem. This paper gives a detailed description of the MM concept and its recent evolutions. It starts by extending the look-up-table (LUT) based approach of the MM concept to M-ary constellations with M ${\leq}$ 16. The constellation and RRC symmetries are explored, allowing considerable reduction on LUT computation complexity and storage requirements. An effective multistage polyphase (MPMM) approach for the MM concept is then proposed. As opposed to traditional LUT-MM solutions, MM coefficients are computed in real-time by a low complexity multirate filter system. The back-off from high-power amplifier saturation is almost eliminated (reduction is greater than 95%) with just a 2-stage MPMM system even for very demanding roll-off cases (e.g., ${\alpha}$ = 0,1). Also, the MPMM is independent of modulation in use, allowing its easy application to constellations with M > 16.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.754-770
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• 2000

The definite objects of this study are as follows ; 1. The study presents concrete objects of the shape of adult women's neck and shoulder after comparing and analyzing the features of five age groups ; the former young age, the latter young age, the former middle age, the latter middle age, the latter middle age and the old age. 2. The study presents concrete objects of adult women's neck and shoulder by the body types ; bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type in order to be examined the body types. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The shape of neck and shoulder needs the several concrete objects of each types because of the variable factors in size and body types. But the concrete objects of the types referred in five age groups contain all the important factors and enable to design the body suitable clothes. 2. This study shows that generally bend-forward type contains rising shoulder and lean-back type contains drooping shoulder, and straight type contains average value of neck and shoulder. The results of this study developed the body-suitable clothes of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 자동차용 판재 성형시 발생하는 스프링백을 정확히 예측하기 위하여, 수정된Chaboche형에 기초한 혼합형 등방-이동경화규칙이 개발되었다. 또한 판재의 이방성을 위하여 최근 개발된 Barlat의 YId2000-24 비이차 비이방성 항복 함수가 이용되었다. 단순인장실험과 인장/압축(압축/인장) 실험에 의하여 Bauschinger 및 transient 거동과 비이방성이 측정되었으며, 유한요소해석에 의한 구성방정식의 검증을 위해 실제 자동차 부품을 부분 변형시킨 double S-rail이 제작되었다. 수정된 Chaboche 형 조성방정식과 비등방 항복함수를 적용한 유한요소에 의한 수치해석의 결과는 굽힘에 의한 스프링백과 비틀림에 있어서 실험과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Purpose : This research inquires into the effect of applying microcurrent (MC) according to various frequency levels on the pain and functional recovery of patients with chronic back pain. Methods : Thirty participants with chronic lower back pain disease were divided equally into three experimenta l groups. The MC frequency used in the first experimental group was 0.5Hz, the second experimental group was 50Hz, and the third experimental group was 100Hz for 20 minute sessions. A hot pack and ultrasound were applied to all groups as the general physical therapy. Measurements were taken using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the face pain rating scale (FPRS), and the Oswestry disability index (001). The analysis used the paired t-test in order to compare pretest and posttest results. A one-way ANOVA was performed to make comparisons with regards to frequency levels. Results : VAS, FPRS, and 001 showed significant pain decrease in all groups except for the 001 measurement in the 0.5 Hz group. There were no significant differences according to frequency levels. Conclusion: For chronic pain and functional recovery, a microcurrent produces an effect after treatment. However, results did not show a significant difference in change obtained from differing frequency levels.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 Levenberg-Marquardt(LM) 알고리즘 인공신경망을 통하여 지반공학 문제 중의 하나인 압축지수를 예측하였고, 예측된 결과는 현재 지반공학에 널리 사용되고 있는 Back Propagation(BP) 알고리즘 인공신경망의 예측 결과와 비교하여 LM 알고리즘의 지반공학 적용성을 평가하였다. 또한 두 알고리즘에 의한 예측치는 기존에 제안된 압축지수의 경험식들에 의하여 산정된 결과들과 비교를 통하여 예측결과의 정확성을 확인하였다. 경험식에 의한 압축지수의 산정치는 전반적으로 BP 알고리즘과 LM 알고리즘 인공신경망에 의한 예측치에 비하여 더 큰 오차를 나타냈다. LM 알고리즘에 의한 압축지수의 예측치는 BP 알고리즘의 예측치와 비교할 때 정확도는 비슷하나 수렴속도에서 더 좋은 결과를 보여 LM 알고리즘의 지반공학 적용성은 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2006

The objective of this research works is to develop back panel dies of PDP TV with a large size. In order to design the geometry of the dies and an initial size of blank optimally, the finite element analysis has been carried out using AUTOFORM V4.2. The conner radius of the upper trimming area and the distance from the outer line of the blank holder to the outer line of the blank have been selected as design parameters to remove the wrinkling of the trimming area. The results of the analyses have been shown that a feasible product without wrinkles and skid lines can be obtained when the conner radius ranges from 6mm to 8mm and the distance lines in the range of 40-60mm. From the proposed design of the dies and an initial blank size, the final die set of the back panel has been successfully manufactured.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2013

In this paper, a nonlinear controller based on adaptive back-stepping method is proposed for high performance operation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM). First, in order to improve the performance of speed tracking, a nonlinear back-stepping controller is designed. In addition, since it is difficult to achieve the high quality control performance without considering parameter variation, a parameter estimator is included to adapt to the variation of load torque in real time. Finally, for the efficiency of power consumption of the motor, controller is designed to operate motor with the minimum current for the required maximum torque. The proposed controller is tested through experiment with a 1-hp Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) for the angular velocity reference tracking performance and load torque volatility estimation, and to test the Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) operation. The result verifies the efficacy of the proposed controller.