• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1999

The knowledge on Korean traditional ceremony foods was evaluated from 271 Korean American housewives residing in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. A questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic background of the subject and their knowledge on ceremonial foods and table settings. Over half of the respondents considered table settings for ceremonial foods are important and most of them knew and learned Korean ceremonial foods from either their own mothers or mother-in-laws. About three-quarters responded that traditional table settings need to be simplified and half of them stated that family education is the best way of proceeding knowledge on ceremonial foods. Most of them have knowledge of table settings for a child's birthday, a baby's first birthday, a baby's hundredth day after birth, New Year's and full moon days. However, few respondents were knowledgable about other ceremonial foods. Practically, they are more likely to simplify the table setting for Korean traditional ceremonies, such as child's birthday, 60th birthday, wedding, and memorial days. The results of this study could be used to plan traditional cultural education programs for Korean immigrants in the U.S. so that they can make informed decisions in building cultural identities in the new environment.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

In 2008, baby formula containing melamine was found to be responsible for a large outbreak of renal failure in infants in China. A total of 294,000 infants were hospitalized, and at least 6 babies died due to ingestion of the tainted formula. Melamine contains high levels of nitrogen (>60%), which is used as an indicator of protein content. Therefore, high levels of melamine in infant formula were thought to be the result of deliberate contamination m an attempt to increase its apparent protein content. Following inspections by China's national inspection agency, assorted products from at least 22 dairy manufacturers across China were found to have varied levels of melamine (range: 0.096196.61 mg/kg). Melamine co-exposure with cyanuric acid can induce acute melamine-cyanurate crystal nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure at much lower doses than if either compound were ingested alone. However, currently, there are very few data on melamine analogues other than cyanuric acid. At an expert meeting of the WHO and FAO held to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid on December 14, 2008, a new tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine was established that could be applied to the entire population, including infants. Therefore, a risk assessment of the various theoretical melamine contamination levels in infant formula and selected representative foods (other than infant formula and sole-source nutrition products) is urgently needed for Korean babies and children up to 7 years of age. Although the undetectable level regulation for infant formula may be low enough to guarantee the safety of babies under the age of 1 year (including premature babies), the melamine standard of 2.5 ppm for foods other than baby formula could be insufficient to protect the 95th percentile population aged 1~2 years because of this demographic's high consumption of milk, yogurt, and soy milk (hazard index = 1.79). Because TDIs are chronic values intended to protect an individual over his/her lifetime, occasional modest ingestion in excess of the TDI is not likely to be a health concern. However, children aged 1~2 years may have renal systems that are comparatively more sensitive to the crystallization of melamine and its analogues. Therefore, governmental jurisdictions may need to practice more prudent management of food items that could raise the melamine exposure for this population.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.376-378
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• 2012

Aflatoxin M1, ingested as aflatoxin B1 via contaminated feedstuff and later converted into, is a major problematic target for milk safety control among the aflatoxin class. Korean government has controlled level of AFM1 in milk at 500 ppt as maximum residue level (MRL), and more recently, government also publicized the proposal for more strict control on fungal toxins about infant and baby foods. In this study the levels of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of 42 marketed milk samples were determined with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to evaluate the status on the contamination of Aflatoxin M1. The evaluated ELISA performances of limit of detection (LOD) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) were 5 pg/mL (ppt) and 49 ppt, respectively. In all 42 samples, AFM1 appeared above the 5 ppt, with the average of 21 ppt and the range of up to 90 ppt. Only 3 (7%) of samples showed the level of contamination above the EU MRL (50 ppt). Although there was incidence of higher level of contamination compared with previous reports, the result of this study requires more intensive study to control of AFM1 in milk and infant foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 2008

The data for this study were collected in a survey conducted in Ganghwa. The questionnaire was specifically designed to identify ceremonial and prohibitive foods in Ganghwa. Quantitative and qualitative data were reported as frequencies, and $X^2$ analysis was employed to assess the relationships among religious. Ceremonial foods were important on the 15th of January by the lunar calendar(87.5%), the Korean Thanks giving Day(84.4%), New Year's Day(79.8%), and the winter solstice(77.4%). A table in celebration of a baby's first birthday included baekseolgi, rice cake with Indian millet and red bean, songpyeon, injeolmi, fruits, and japchae. Women who had delivered a child ate boiled rice and seaweed soup. Birthday parties was hosted in 67.0% of the homes. The reasons for not having a birthday party were the inability to make enough time(38.2%) and difficulties with work(19.4%). Pyebaek foods were jerked beef, chicken, jujube and chestnuts. A 60th birthday anniversary was the reason for 31.4% of the respondents to eat ceremonial foods, and a Memorial Day service that carried in the eldest son was the reason in 53.4% of the families. The Memorial-Day service foods were learned by a Catholic mother(66.7%), by the husband's Buddhist mother(37.9%), or by Confucianism(54.5%)(p<0.05). Therefore, it is important to increase the understanding of celebrational foods and to enforce systematic public relations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 1984

For the purpose of obtaining basic data which can be applied to processing of retort pouched shell-fishes, retort pouched seasoned baby clam was prepared. After sand and mud were removed, and then steamed baby clams were shucked. Baby clam meats were seasoned with the mixed seasoning powder containing $3\%$ of sugar, $2.5\%$ of salt, $12\%$ of sorbitol, $0.5\%$ of monosodium glutamate and $10\%$ of smoke flavor, and then dried at $35-40^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. After dried, the meats were vacuum packed in plastic film bag (polyester/nylon/unoriented polyproylene; $12{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/50{\mu}m,\;15{\times}17cm$), and sterilized for 12 minutes in a hot water circulating sterilzer at $120^{\circ}C$, The factors such as pH, VBN, moisture content water activity, color value (L, a, b), texture, TBA value and viable bacterial count of products were determined during storage at room temperture ($20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$). The results showed that the product could be preserved in a good condition for 120 days at $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$. Judging from the scores of sensory evaluation on flavor, the product added smoke flavor as seasoning was the most desirable.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

Over the last 3 years, the global food 3D printing market has grown at an average annual rate of 31.5% and has shown an industry size that reached about U$ 9.46 billion. Food 3D printing technology has the advantage of being utilizable in diverse ranges because it enables free design of existing foods so that foods can be produced according to individuals' tastes and purposes. Many countries around the world are producing food 3D printers to release trial products such as foods employing the advantages of food 3D printing. They are also attempting to apply food 3D printing in various fields such as combat rations, space rations, restaurants, liquid foods, foods for the elderly, diets for patients, and baby foods. Whereas the 3D printing market, which has a high growth potential and is expected to continue to expand in size, is highly likely to become a blue ocean, not only is food 3D printing technology small in South Korea, but also the overall ratio of 3D printing utilization and the scale of the relevant industry are small. This is attributable to the fact that South Korea has problems such as insufficient institutionalization compared to developed countries and delays in the development of standardized domestic materials. Therefore, this paper is intended to inform the necessity of food 3D printing and describe food 3D printing technology and food 3D materials in order to obtain the additional effect of vitalizing the South Korean food 3D printing market.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.376-390
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• 2018

Cronobacter species have been associated with disease outbreaks and sporadic infections, particularly in premature and immunocompromised infants. Cronobacter species can cause foodborne infections such as neonatal meningitis, septicaemia and necrotising enterocolitis. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to control and monitor the Cronobacter species in food, especially in powdered infant formula (PIF) and other baby foods. Therefore, in this review, the isolation and prevalence of Cronobacter species in infant food including PIF and the recent advance of detection methods are discussed for the better understanding on the current research status of Cronobacter species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.241-242
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• 2003

Silver has antibacterial property on bacteria of about 650 kinds and has been well known as non-toxic and non-tolerance in natural state. Recently, silver has been applied disinfection and antibacterial property to everyday life as health foods, filter, and exclusion of pollution. Nano-sized silver particle have very small size (〈10nm) and wide surface area per unit volume. PE/PP nonwovens used as back sheet or coverstock of baby diaper, adult diaper, sanitary napkin, and wiper. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1994

The survey on feeding practice in 202 infants in Kwangju area was undertaken from April to May, 1993. The incidence of breast feeding was 35.6% of the interviewed mothers while 35.1% of infants were formula fed. Baby's sex, birth order, birth weight and mother's educational level did not affect the infant's feeding method of the respondents , but family's monthly income affect it significantly(p<0.05). Initiating time f weaning in infants was 4.83 month. Fruits and fruit juice, infant's most favorite food were the first food introduced to infants. Cereal's were offered frequently as infant foods while animal protein source and vegetables were lesser used 52.8% of mothers purchased commercially prepared infant food , while 33.2% of them did not use it at all. Depending on mother's educational level, mother got information on weaning with the aid of different education materials. The respondents were most interested in the way how to prepare weaning food. It might be suggested that development of effective nutrition education technique specific to the different groups of mothers should be focused.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.390-393
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• 2007

Auricularia auricula (Heterobasidiae) called 'tree ear' or 'ear mushroom' was investigated to know its antidiabetic effect. Administration of dried powder of Auricularia auricula mycelia (AAM) (0.5 g/kg bw and 1.0 g/kg bw) caused a statistically significant reduction of plasma glucose (35% and 39%, respectively), total cholesterol (18% and 22%, respectively), triglyceride (12% and 13%, respectively), GOT (53% and 56%, respectively) GPT (26% and 37%, respectively), levels and the rate of liver weight against final total body weight (6% and 7%, respectively) compared with diabetic control group. These results support the antidiabetic effect of AAM.