• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

In this study, the author suggests utilizing unsold and unused land as temporary commercial parking lots as a way to raise funds for active public transport use. In addition, reasonable parking fee scheme is suggested by estimating marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance for the commercial parking lots based on the CVM. The author conducts a survey to investigate citizens' opinion on utilizing unsold and unused land in the urban development project area as temporary commercial transport facilities such as parking lots. Based on survey outcome, travel behavior and requirements are analyzed and marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance are estimated through the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results are as follows: in the single-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 216 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down against reaching distance to the parking lots from 365 KRW for 50m, 295 KRW for 100m, 173 KRW for 200m, and 51 KRW for 300m; in the double-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 285 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down as well against reaching distance to the parking lots from 310 KRW for 50m, 297 KRW for 100m, 272 KRW for 200m and 248 KRW for 300m. It is clearly appeared that people's willingness to pay goes higher as distance to reach the parking lots goes shorter.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.73-86
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to prove the correlations among various factors what determined to formation of front elevation proportion system through making an actual survey and investigating. According to the analysis of them, we make conclusions as follows; 1, On the assumption that average distance of 1Kan(間) is 1, the height of foundation is 0.21, the height of floor from foundation is 0.24, the height of normal column from floor is 0.85, the height of eaves from foundation is 1.10. 2. Southeast faced buildings are wider than southwest faced buildings in the distance of 1Kan (間) in the range of $110{sim}220mm$. The height of foundation and floor in the southeast faced buildings are higher than those in southwest faced buildings beside the height of normal column, eaves, high column in the southwest faced buildings are higher than those in southeast faced buildings. 3. As number of front Kan(間) increases, the distance of 1Kan(間) decrease and the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases. This is cause of making a maximum needed inner space by increasing the distance of 1Kan(間). This is an wisdom for living from ancestors. 4. As number of Dori(道里) increases, the distances of 1Kan are nearly same but the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases about 300mm, This is a natural result from an increasing of building scale. 5. The distance of 1Kan(間) in later 19C building is most wide but, the unit heights are minimal average values at year 1900 as a reference mark. After this, the height of normal column, eaves, high column are higher about $170{sim}330mm$. 6. The number of Kan in front elevation, Dori(道里), and direction of building have correlations each other in proportion system of traditional housing An-Chae with significant level, p<0.05.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2014

The hierarchical conference causes the data delay because the exchanged data between terminals in the conference go through the hierarchical structure. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which minimizes the average path distance between terminals in a non-incremental hierarchical conference, and which considers the computing resource. For terminals which want to join the ongoing hierarchical conference, our algorithm selects terminals that the new connection is possible among terminals in the conference with the computing resource consideration. Then, after all distance values between the selected terminals and terminals which want to join the ongoing hierarchical conference are computed, and the terminal-pair which have minimum distance value is selected, the ongoing hierarchical conference is extended with a connection of the terminal-pair which consists of a terminal among selected terminals and other terminal among terminals which want to join the ongoing hierarchical conference. This continues until all terminals are included in the conference. As the experimental results with the proposed non-incremental scheme, the hierarchical conference can be organized with 24% better performance than the earlier incremental scheme on the basis of average path distance between terminals.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.265-271
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• 2023

Recently, location information services are gradually expanding due to the development of information and communication technology. RSSI is widely used to extract indoor and outdoor locations. The indoor and outdoor location estimation methods using RSSI are less accurate due to the influence of radio wave paths, interference, and surrounding wireless devices. In order to improve this problem, a distance estimation method that takes into account the wireless propagation environment is necessary. Therefore, in this study, we propose a distance estimation algorithm that takes into account the radio wave environment. The proposed method estimates the distance by learning RSSI input and output considering the RBF neural network and the propagation environment. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the performance of estimating the location of the receiver within a range of up to 55[m] using a BLE beacon transmitter and receiver was compared with the average filter and Kalman filter. As a result, the distance estimation accuracy of the proposed method was 6.7 times higher than that of the average filter and Kalman filter. As shown in the results of this performance evaluation, if the method of this study is applied to location services, more accurate location estimation will be possible.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a correction method using phoneme unit segmentation to solve misrecognition of Korean Texts in signboard images using weighted Disassemble Levenshtein Distance. The proposed method calculates distances of recognized texts which are segmented into phoneme units and detects the best matched texts from signboard text database. For verifying the efficiency of the proposed method, a database dictionary is built using 1.3 million words of nationwide signboard through removing duplicated words. We compared the proposed method to Levenshtein Distance and Disassemble Levenshtein Distance which are common representative text string comparison algorithms. As a result, the proposed method based on weighted Disassemble Levenshtein Distance represents an improvement in recognition rates 29.85% and 6% on average compared to that of conventional methods, respectively.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2013

PCR analysis generated on the genetic data showed that the geographic hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) population from Korea in the Yellow Sea was more or less separated from geographic hairtail population from China in the South Sea. The average bandsharing value ($mean{\pm}SD$) within hairtail population from Korea showed $0.859{\pm}0.031$, whereas $0.752{\pm}0.039$ within population from China. Also, bandsharing values between two hairtail populations ranged from 0.470 to 0.611, with an average of $0.542{\pm}0.059$. As compared separately, the bandsharing values of individuals within hairtail population from Korea were comparatively higher than those of individuals within population from China. The hierarchical dendrogram resulted from reliable oligonucleotides primers, indicating two genetic clusters composed of cluster 1 (KOREANHAIR1~KOREANHAIR11) and cluster 2 (CHINESEHAI12~CHINESEHAI22). The genetic distances between two geographic populations ranged from 0.038 to 0.476. Individual No. 11 within hairtail population from Korea was genetically closely related with No. 10 (genetic distance=0.038). The longest genetic distance (0.476) displaying significant molecular difference was also between individual No. 01 within hairtail population from Korea and No. 22 from Chinese. In the present study, PCR analysis has revealed significant genetic distances between two hairtail population pairs (P<0.05).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2004

The effect of triangular tabs attached at the perimeter of jet nozzle on heat transfer enhancement was investigated experimentally. The modified flow structure was visualized using a smoke-wire method. Four different types of jet nozzle having 0, 4, 6 and 8 tabs were tested at jet Reynolds number Re=15,000 to investigate the effect of tabs on the variation of heat transfer rate. The local and average Nusselt numbers are increased with increasing the number of tabs. At nozzle-to-plate distance of L/D=4, the average Nusselt number was increased about 9.9% at Re=15,000 in the impingement region for the case of 8 tabs attachment. As the nozzle-to-plate distance increases, however, the heat transfer enhancement effect of triangular tabs is reduced. For the case of 4 tabs, the heat transfer enhancement is not so distinctive at L/D=8. As the protrusion depth of tabs into the jet flow increases, the heat transfer rate is also enhanced when the nozzle-to-plate distance is smaller than L/D=6.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3053-3058
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• 1973

1. This study was conducted to examine the effects of change of the short range nozzle hole on the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as follows; a) Effect of change of the cap hole diameter on the travelling distance of sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate was about 0.27. b) When the difference between the sectional area of cap hole and that of grooves of swirl plate, was small the travelling distance was decreased by the decreasing of spraying speed at cap hole. 2. This study was conducted to examine the effects of change of the short range nozzle hole on the size of spraying particles. The results of this study are summarized as follows; a) The diameter of sprayed particles on travelling distances in the short range nozzle did not coincide with the kinetic energy principle derived from the momentum and the resistance. b) The average diameter of sprayed particle between 1m and 3m in which amount of sprayed particle was particularly a great deal, was big, because that some of sprayed particles were absorbed each other on the way to fall c) Effect of increase of cap hole diameter was generally enlarged the average diameter of sprayed particle with small rate.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of remoteness between exit stairways on evacuation performance. Firstly, we reviewed the design regulations of the U.S., the U.K., and South Korea, in relation to remoteness between Exit stairways. Secondly, evacuation simulation was implemented, in order to evaluate the adequacy of each standard. Eight tall buildings in South Korea were selected for the simulation. Evacuation performance was assessed for different remote distances between Exit stairways. Lastly, this research analyses the evacuation simulation data statistically in relation to the effect of remoteness on evacuation time. We found that as the distance between two exit stairways increases, the total evacuation time and average evacuation time for evacuees decreases. There was no statistical influence between the maximum travel distance of the evacuee and the remoteness between two exit stairways, but there was a significant effect on the average travel distance of the evacuees. In addition, the results from the optimal point showed that the L_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.44, while the D_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.38.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.22-26
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• 2008

The use of electrical discharge machining (EDM) for micro-machining applications requires particular attention to the machined surface roughness and discharge gap distance, as these factors affect the geometrical accuracy of micro-parts. Previous studies of conventional EDM have shown that selected types of semi-conductive and non-conductive powder suspended in the dielectric reduced the surface roughness while ensuring a limited increase in the gap distance. Based on this, an extension of the technique to micro-EDM was studied Such work is necessary since the introduction of nanopowders suspended in the dielectric is not well understood. The experimental results showed that a statistically significant reduction in the surface roughness value was achieved at particular concentrations of the powder additives, depending on the powder material and the machining input energy setting. The average reduction in surface roughness using a powder suspended dielectric was between 14-24% of the average surface roughness generated using a pure dielectric. Furthermore, when these additive concentrations were used for machining, no adverse increase in the gap distance was observed.